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1.
Biolog GN法对不同地区养殖对虾弧菌区系的比较研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
采用Biolog细菌鉴定技术,分析来自5个国家的4个对虾养殖品种苗期及部分养成期虾体上的185株弧菌(其中24株来自成虾).结果表明:来源、种类不同的养殖对虾苗期的主要弧菌的区系组成相似,溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)和鲨鱼弧菌(V. carchariae)(即哈维氏弧菌V. harveyi)是普遍存在的种类,同一种对虾在不同地区养殖,其区系组成略有差异;哈维氏弧菌多为对虾苗期致病菌,副溶血弧菌(V.parahaemolyticus)主要为成虾致病菌;在健康虾苗和发病虾苗体内都可分离到溶藻弧菌.  相似文献   

2.
高通量测序分析凡纳滨对虾育苗期水体菌群结构特征   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  
为了解凡纳滨对虾育苗期正常苗池水体菌群结构和多样性变化,实验采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序水体细菌16S rDNA V4区,比较幼体在无节V期(N5)、溞状Ⅱ期(Z2)、糠虾Ⅰ期(M1)与仔虾Ⅰ期(P1)时的水体菌群特征。结果显示,水体菌群Shannon多样性指数随幼体发育先降后升,而Pielou均匀度指数除在N5时稍高外,在其余阶段都很接近。育苗期间,变形菌门为水体绝对优势菌群(50.0%~88.0%),尤其红杆菌科从N5到P1阶段分别占24.2%、61.6%、43.3%和51.8%;拟杆菌门在各期丰度均9.7%,其中腐螺旋菌科以5.3%~16.9%优势分布于后3个阶段;放线菌门在后3个期都为优势类群,并以微杆菌科为主,丰度分别达5.6%、37.6%和10.8%;而疣微菌门只在P1时表现为优势(5.3%)。苗池水体核心菌属主要由洛克氏菌、海命菌、栖东海菌、亚硫酸杆菌和2个分类未定属构成。可见水体菌群呈高度多样而动态变化,且N5菌群明显区别于后3个阶段。育苗期间水体主要环境因子总体波动较小,对优势操作分类单元(OTU)丰度分布无显著影响。研究表明,凡纳滨对虾健康苗池水体菌群随幼体发育和饵料投喂而明显更替,其中核心菌群的潜在功能对维持水体生态系统稳定起重要作用,可为对虾育苗益生菌与健康苗池指示菌的筛选提供依据。  相似文献   

3.
健康和患病凡纳滨对虾幼虾消化道菌群结构的比较   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
凡纳滨对虾养殖过程中,早期阶段是病害易感阶段,而消化道菌群结构与对虾健康关系密切。因此,探讨幼虾的消化道菌群尤其是弧菌类细菌与对虾发病的关系对病害有效防治具有重要意义。本实验采用Illumina测序研究了凡纳滨对虾健康和患病幼虾的消化道细菌群落结构,并基于纯培养和16S r DNA,rec A和pyr H基因序列比对,分析了幼虾消化道中弧菌的主要种类组成。结果发现,健康幼虾消化道中α-变形菌纲和厚壁菌门丰度较高,而患病幼虾中γ-变形菌纲、拟杆菌门、放线菌门和β-变形菌纲较高,其中放线菌门丰度差异显著。基于科水平的响应比分析,发现患病幼虾消化道中动性球菌科和噬菌弧菌科的丰度显著降低,而弧菌科的丰度显著升高。相似度分析发现,驱动群落变异的OTU主要来源于弧菌属、海洋杆状菌属、冷杆菌属、假交替单胞菌属以及未分类至属的红杆菌科和微杆菌科。健康幼虾消化道弧菌组成以锡那罗亚州弧菌为主,而患病幼虾消化道弧菌组成以坎氏弧菌为主。尽管健康和患病幼虾消化道内细菌群落结构整体差异不显著,但一些重要类群丰度变化显著,其特征与已知的生态功能一致。  相似文献   

4.
生物净水栅对凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群组成的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
利用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术和生物信息学分析手段,采集传统养殖池塘和添加生物净水栅养殖池塘凡纳滨对虾肠道样品,比较分析两个池塘凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群组成及其多样性。试验结果表明,对照组和试验组凡纳滨对虾肠道测得的可操作分类单元分别为239和296。对照组和试验组对虾肠道样品菌群的物种丰度和优势菌种存在一定差异,试验组和对照组样品细菌Shannon指数分别为2.04、1.80,前者细菌Shannon指数高于后者13.33%(P0.05)。对照组和试验组对虾肠道样品所鉴定出的细菌门类组成基本相似,组成比例存在一定差异,前三大优势细菌门类均为变形菌门、拟杆菌门和软壁菌门,分别占试验组细菌总数和对照组细菌总数的97.56%和98.54%。在优势菌群方面,试验组对虾肠道的优势群为弧菌属、希瓦氏菌属、Cloacibacterium、黄质菌属、红杆菌属,分别占细菌总数的70.83%、18.29%、1.97%、1.38%和1.06%,对照组对虾肠道的优势群为弧菌属和希瓦氏菌属,分别占细菌总数的58.51%和37.67%。本研究分析了两种养殖池塘下对虾肠道菌群结构,试验组对虾菌群丰富度高于对照组,其多样性也高于对照组,这有助于生物净水栅更好地应用于池塘养殖。  相似文献   

5.
本研究通过对一对虾养殖场定期采样,采用分子生物学鉴定方法,分别对对虾体内及水环境中弧菌(Vibrio sp.)、虾肝肠胞虫(Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei, EHP)及主要病毒性病原进行了跟踪检测,同时,检测了水环境中的氨氮及亚硝基氮含量的变化趋势。结果显示,该对虾养殖场中存在的主要病原为多种致病弧菌和EHP,未检测出对虾白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)、传染性肌肉坏死病毒(IMNV)、偷死野田村病毒(CMNV)及传染性皮下和造血组织坏死病毒(IHHNV);该养殖场中弧菌检出种类达到16种,其中,主要的弧菌种类有副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)、溶藻弧菌 (V. alginolyticus)、欧文氏弧菌(V. owensii)、创伤弧菌(V. vulnificus)、哈维氏弧菌(V. harveyi),且存在导致急性肝胰腺坏死病的副溶血弧菌(VPAHPND);养殖中期大棚养殖池水体氨氮及亚硝氮浓度分别达到(3.5±2.0)、(8.2±0.7) mg/L,显著高于室外养殖池水体氨氮及亚硝基氮浓度(P<0.05)。养殖期跟踪的7个虾池中,出现严重对虾病害的大棚养殖池比例达到100%,而室外养殖池仅出现轻度对虾病害,发病池比例为25%。根据研究结果推测,造成大棚养殖池对虾发病死亡的主要原因为养殖对虾感染弧菌及虾肝肠胞虫,同时,养殖密度大、水体氨氮及亚硝基氮浓度过高等在对虾病害发生中起到了协同作用。本研究结果可为当前对虾养殖病害防控技术提供理论支持和科学依据。  相似文献   

6.
该研究使用碘(I2)、二氧化氯(ClO2)、甲醛溶液(HCHO)和漂白粉[Ca(ClO)2]4种常用消毒剂对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)育苗海水处理后,研究了不同发育期育苗水体总菌和弧菌数量、氨氮和亚硝酸氮含量、幼体成活率以及水体和幼体菌群的变化。结果显示:1)甲醛组水体的总菌数较低,且弧菌数量最低;2)4种消毒剂组水体氨氮和亚硝酸盐浓度均低于对照组,其中漂白粉组最低;3)甲醛组幼体成活率显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);4)消毒剂改变了育苗水体和幼体的菌群结构和优势菌丰度,育苗水体菌群组成比幼体更为复杂,且早期阶段比后期复杂。其中,无节幼体(N6)—溞状幼体(Z1)阶段水体优势菌属主要为OM43_clade、食烷菌属(Alcanivorax)、赤杆菌属(Erythrobacter)、交替赤杆菌属(Altererythrobacter)、黄杆菌属(Tenacibaculum)、水栖菌属(Enhydrobacter)、泥滩微菌属(Gilvibacter)等,糠虾幼体(M1)—仔虾(P1)阶段水体中优势菌属有东吉科拉属(Donghicola)、黏着杆菌属(Cohaesibacter)、Phaeodactylibacter、念珠菌属(Candidatus-Cquiluna)和鲁杰氏菌属(Ruegeria),而幼体中的优势菌属有弧菌属(Vibrio)、动性杆菌属(Planomicrobium)、微杆菌属(Exiguobacterium)、嗜冷杆菌属(Psychrobacter)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、嗜甲基菌属(Methylophaga)和盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)。  相似文献   

7.
文章以微冻贮藏的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)整虾、去头尾虾和虾仁的表面微生物作为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术鉴定不同贮藏时期样品菌群的组成及变化情况。结果显示:1)各组样品的操作分类单元(Operational taxonomic unit,OTU)随贮藏时间的推移呈下降趋势,贮藏4周后虾仁的OTU数量最少,整虾与去头尾虾的OTU数量相对较多;2)各组样品的赵氏指数(Chao)、艾斯指数(ACE)和香农指数(Shannon)逐渐减小,辛普森指数(Simpson)增加,即贮藏过程中样品菌群丰度和多样性逐渐降低;3)在属水平上,弧菌属(Vibrio)是各组样品的最初优势菌,弓形菌属(Arcobacter)在去头尾虾和整虾中存在较多。微冻4周后,假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella)和嗜冷杆菌属(Psychrobacter)成为优势腐败菌;4)属水平上的热图和关键物种分析显示,3种形式的对虾菌种组成和比例有所差异。综上,凡纳滨对虾贮藏时间和形态不同,其表面微生物种类、丰度等差异显著,在冷链流通过程中需要针对性地抑制微生物优势以保障产品品质。  相似文献   

8.
在凡纳滨对虾育苗涵状幼体期以不同频次添加溶藻弧菌VZ5株,并在糠虾幼体后搭配添加芽孢杆菌Bz5株,测定育苗过程中水质、水体中弧菌密度变动以及对虾幼体生长和存活状况,研究溶藻弧菌VZ5株在凡纳滨对虾育苗中应用的效果。结果表明,添加溶藻弧菌的3个处理组仔虾期氨氮浓度显著低于对照组;仔虾期幼体干重分别为0．0463±0．0009、0．0420±0．0006、0．0407±0．0009g／尾,显著高于对照组（0．0253±0．0003g／尾）。滏状幼体期每天添加溶藻弧菌的处理组幼体成活率显著高于其他处理组（P〈0．05）。溶藻弧菌VZ5株能够有效降低水体中氨氮的积累和促进对虾幼体生长。  相似文献   

9.
采用MiSeq 16S rRNA高通量测序技术和生物信息学分析方法,构建了牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)工厂化人工育苗模式下仔稚幼鱼阶段6个不同发育时期18个样品的16SrRNA基因测序文库,共获得7462个OTU (Operational Taxonomic Unit),分类为42个菌门972个菌属.对肠道菌群的形成过程及结构多样性变化分析显示,牙鲆初孵仔鱼的菌群组成多样性丰富,体内的优势菌为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes);在9日龄和21日龄摄食轮虫(Rotifer)和卤虫(Artemia sp.)幼体样品中,肠道的优势菌群结构较单一,变形菌门成为此时期肠道的优势菌群;45日龄摄食配合饲料后,肠道中变形菌门的相对丰度显著降低,厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的相对丰度明显增大,成为肠道菌群的优势菌群.在属水平的菌群结构中发现,牙鲆仔稚幼鱼肠道优势菌群的种类和数量都发生了较大变化,在9日龄和21日龄时期肠道中弧菌属(Vibrio)相对丰度最高,到45日龄后相对丰度锐减到最低水平;拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和普氏菌属(Prevotella)在80日龄后达到较高水平,成为肠道优势菌属;厚壁菌门的8个菌属在80-115日龄时期均发展成为优势菌属,定植于牙鲆的肠道.本研究揭示了工厂化人工育苗模式下牙鲆仔稚幼鱼肠道菌群结构及演替规律.  相似文献   

10.
采用MiSeq 16S rRNA高通量测序技术和生物信息学分析方法,构建了牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)工厂化人工育苗模式下仔稚幼鱼阶段6个不同发育时期18个样品的16S rRNA基因测序文库,共获得7462个OTU(Operational Taxonomic Unit),分类为42个菌门972个菌属。对肠道菌群的形成过程及结构多样性变化分析显示,牙鲆初孵仔鱼的菌群组成多样性丰富,体内的优势菌为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes);在9日龄和21日龄摄食轮虫(Rotifer)和卤虫(Artemia sp.)幼体样品中,肠道的优势菌群结构较单一,变形菌门成为此时期肠道的优势菌群;45日龄摄食配合饲料后,肠道中变形菌门的相对丰度显著降低,厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的相对丰度明显增大,成为肠道菌群的优势菌群。在属水平的菌群结构中发现,牙鲆仔稚幼鱼肠道优势菌群的种类和数量都发生了较大变化,在9日龄和21日龄时期肠道中弧菌属(Vibrio)相对丰度最高,到45日龄后相对丰度锐减到最低水平;拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和普氏菌属(Prevotella)在80日龄后达到较高水平,成为肠道优势菌属;厚壁菌门的8个菌属在80–115日龄时期均发展成为优势菌属,定植于牙鲆的肠道。本研究揭示了工厂化人工育苗模式下牙鲆仔稚幼鱼肠道菌群结构及演替规律。  相似文献   

11.
An alternative larval shrimp feeding regime, in which umbrella‐stage Artemia were constituting the first zooplankton source was evaluated in the culture of Litopenaeus vannamei. In a preliminary experiment, umbrella‐stage Artemia were fed to larvae from zoea 2 (Z2) to mysis 2 (M2) stages to identify the larval stage at which raptorial feeding starts and to determine daily feeding rates. The following experiment evaluated the performance of two feeding regimen that differed during the late zoea/early mysis stages: a control treatment with frozen Artemia nauplii (FAN), and a treatment with frozen umbrella‐stage Artemia (FUA). The ingestion rate of umbrella‐stage Artemia increased from nine umbrella per larvae day?1 at Z2 stage to 21 umbrella per larvae day?1 at M2. A steep increase in ingestion and dry weight from Z3 to M2 suggests a shift to a raptorial feeding mode at the M1 stage. Treatment FUA exhibited a significantly higher larval stage index (P < 0.05) during the period that zoea larvae metamorphosed to the mysis stage, and a higher final biomass, compared with treatment FAN. Based on these results and on practical considerations, a feeding regime starting with umbrella‐stage Artemia from Z2 sub‐stage can be recommended for L. vannamei larvae rearing.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract.— Surveys undertaken on diseases caused by Vibrio spp. in Penaeus monodon from culture ponds of coastal Andhra Pradesh recorded the occurrence of five types of diseases: tail necrosis, shell disease, red disease, loose shell syndrome (LSS), and white gut disease (WGD). Among these, LSS, WGD, and red disease caused mass mortalities in shrimp culture ponds. Six species of Vibrio—V. harveyi , V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, V. anguillarum , V. vulnificus , and V. splendidus —are associated with the diseased shrimp. The number of Vibrio spp. associated with each disease ranged from two to five. Additionally, shrimp with red disease had concurrent infections with white spot syndrome virus. Vibrio harveyi in the case of LSS and WGD, V. parahaemolyticus for red disease, and V. alginolyticus for shell disease are the major etiologcal agents. Differences occur in the degree of virulence of different species of Vibrio and also different isolates of the same species. Vibrio harveyi isolated from LSS shrimp is the most virulent. In general, all the Vibrio isolates from LSS shrimp tend to be more virulent as compared to their counterparts from other diseased shrimp. It is apparent that the degree of virulence of various Vibrio isolates depends on its source and the pond environmental conditions. Most of the Vibrio isolates showed susceptibility to oxytetracycline, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. The luminous V. harveyi exhibited resistance to many antibiotics and susceptibility to only three drugs. Considering the emergence of antimicrobial resistant strains of Vibrio , the need for using probiotics in place of antibiotics for disease control is stressed.  相似文献   

13.
Larval rearing of many marine organisms is dependent on the availability of live food. The aim of this study was to optimize larval first feeding for the mud shrimp Upogebia pusilla, by comparing the effectiveness of the two most commonly used live feeds: Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia sp. nauplii. Survival, larval duration, molt synchronism and megalop size were compared using five feeding treatments: Artemia from zoea I to IV (B0), Brachionus during zoea I and Artemia from zoea II to IV (B1), Brachionus during zoea I and II and Artemia during zoea III and IV (B2), Brachionus from zoea I to III and Artemia during zoea IV (B3) and Brachionus from zoea I to IV (B4). The proportion of larvae that reached the megalop stage was 0.00% in treatment B0, 3.33% in treatment B1, 33.33% in treatment B2, 66.67% in treatment B3 and 76.67% in treatment B4. Larvae fed on rotifers until zoea III or zoea IV stages had a higher survival but no differences were found either in time to reach megalop or in megalop size. This study demonstrates that rotifers are essential for the survival and development of U. pusilla early larval stages but that rotifers can be successfully replaced by Artemia nauplii in the zoea IV stage.  相似文献   

14.
Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) of shrimps is an important disease, first appeared in China in 2009. Since then, AHPND has caused serious drops in shrimp production (up to 20 % worldwide). Although AHPND [originally termed as acute hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome (AHPNS)] first appeared in 2009, it was not until 2013 that a laboratory infection model was devised and the causative agent identified as certain strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. AHPND has caused mortality from 40 to 100 % which usually occurs early (within approximately 35 days) after stocking shrimp fry in shrimp ponds; therefore, it was initially referred to as early mortality syndrome (EMS). Confusingly, other pathogens and environmental factors also cause EMS and are often attributed to AHPND by shrimp farmers. Frequently, farmers do not send samples for confirmatory tests requiring detection of the unique histopathology at the acute stage of disease (massive sloughing of hepatopancreatic epithelial cells without any accompanying signs of a pathogen). The gross signs presumptive of AHPND (lethargy, slow growth, empty stomach and midgut, and a pale to white, atrophied hepatopancreas) are insufficient for confirmatory diagnosis. Recently, molecular detection of AHPND bacteria using PCR has been developed, which has sped up diagnosis and increased research on the causative agent, alternative detection methods, and possible therapies. We hope that this review of research progress on AHPND will serve as a useful introduction for researchers who are currently unfamiliar with AHPND, but have backgrounds in bacterial virulence, detection, and epidemiology, and may be encouraged to participate in the research effort to reduce AHPND’s impact on shrimp cultivation.  相似文献   

15.
The effect of feeding scheme and prey density on survival and development of Eriocheir sinensis zoea larvae was studied in three experiments. Different combinations and densities of rotifers (Brachionus rotundiformis) and newly hatched Artemia nauplii were fed to zoea larvae. Average survival at each stage, larval development (larval stage index, LSI), duration of zoeal stage and individual megalopa dry weight were compared among treatments. This study revealed that, under the experimental conditions, rotifers should be replaced with Artemia between the zoea 3 (Z3) and the zoea 4 (Z4) stage. The optimal rotifer feeding densities for zoea 1 (Z1) and zoea 2 (Z2) were 15 and 20 mL?1 respectively, while the optimal Artemia feeding density for Z3, Z4 and zoea 5 (Z5) was 3, 5 and 8 mL?1 respectively. Further trials in production scale are recommended.  相似文献   

16.
Fisheries Science - Predicting the outbreak of disease is essential when managing shrimp farms. Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a serious...  相似文献   

17.
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18.
近年来包括急性肝胰腺坏死病(AHPND)在内的多种新发疫病的流行,使我国甲壳类养殖业遭受了严重的经济损失。为了筛查导致山东潍坊某养殖场中一虾蟹混养池塘内患病三疣梭子蟹感染的可能病原,本研究采用分子生物学检测方法,对三疣梭子蟹样品进行了白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)、传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒(IHHNV)、虾血细胞虹彩病毒(SHIV)、致急性肝胰腺坏死病副溶血孤菌(Vp_(AHPND))、虾肝肠胞虫(EHP)、偷死野田村病毒(CMNV)、黄头病毒(YHV)和肝胰腺细小病毒(HPV)等8种病原的检测,并对样品进行了组织病理和原位杂交分析。分子生物学检测结果显示,患病三疣梭子蟹样品呈Vp_(AHPND)阳性,而呈现WSSV、IHHNV、SHIV、EHP、CMNV、YHV和HPV阴性。对样品进行Vp_(AHPND)套式PCR第二轮扩增产物的序列测定、比对和进化树分析,结果显示,扩增产物序列与致病副溶血弧菌质粒上pirA~(vp)毒力基因片段具有99%的同源性,该序列与已报道的多个致病副溶血弧菌PirA聚在进化树的同一主分支上。组织病理学分析显示,患病三疣梭子蟹的肝胰腺小管上皮细胞坏死,心肌纤维呈溶解样病变,鳃丝上皮柱突细胞明显坏死,胸神经节的神经细胞损伤严重,并且这些组织中还可见大量的细胞核固缩现象;原位杂交结果显示,肝胰腺、心肌、鳃组织及胸神经节中的病变部位均存在Vp_(AHPND)探针的蓝紫色杂交信号。以上表明,虾蟹混养池塘中三疣梭子蟹在自然状态下感染了Vp_(AHPND),并导致肝胰腺、心肌、鳃和胸神经节发生了严重病理损伤。本研究首次在养殖三疣梭子蟹中检测到Vp_(AHPND)感染并揭示了感染所致的病理变化,相关结果为揭示Vp_(AHPND)自然宿主种类和养殖三疣梭子蟹病害防控提供了基础信息。  相似文献   

19.
A series of rearing trials in small 1 L cones and large tanks of 30–100 L were carried out to develop optimal rearing techniques for mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) larvae. Using water exchange (discontinuous partial water renewal or continuous treatment through biofiltration) and micro‐algae (Chlorella or Chaetoceros) supplementation (daily supplementation at 0.1–0.2 million cells mL−1 or maintenance at 1–2 millions cells mL−1), six different types of rearing systems were tried. The combination of a green‐water batch system for early stages and a recirculating system with micro‐algae supplementation for later stages resulted in the best overall performance of the crab larvae. No clear effects of crab stocking density (50–200 larvae L−1) and rotifer (30–60 rotifers mL−1) and Artemia density (10–20 L−1) were observed. A stocking density of 100–150 zoea 1 (Z1) L−1, combined with rotifer of 30–45 mL−1 for early stages and Artemia feeding at 10–15 nauplii mL−1 for Z3–Z5 seemed to produce the best performance of S. paramamosain larvae. Optimal rations for crab larvae should, however, be adjusted depending on the species, larval stage, larval status, prey size, rearing system and techniques. A practical feeding schedule could be to increase live food density from 30 to 45 rotifers mL−1 from Z1 to Z2 and increase the number of Artemia nauplii mL−1 from 10 to 15 from Z3 to Z5. Bacterial disease remains one of the key factors underlying the high mortality in the zoea stages. Further research to develop safe prophylactic treatments is therefore warranted. Combined with proper live food enrichment techniques, application of these findings has sustained a survival rate from Z1 to crab 1–2 stages in large rearing tanks of 10–15% (maximum 30%).  相似文献   

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