共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
交替灌溉下不同水氮供给对番茄产量和品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为探明交替灌溉条件下蔬菜的最佳水氮供给模式,采用盆栽试验,以常规充分灌水为对照,研究交替灌溉条件下不同水氮供给对番茄产量、水分利用效率和品质的影响.结果表明:和常规充分灌水相比,交替持续高水、交替开花坐果期低水、交替结果期低水和交替持续低水的产量分别下降5.08％,13.31％,21.28％和28.22％,而灌溉水分利用效率分别增加11.90％,7.36％,10.30％和6.74％.中氮处理的产量和灌溉水分利用效率最大.和常规充分灌水相比,交替持续高水、交替开花坐果期低水、交替结果期低水和交替持续低水处理可提高番茄可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、番茄红素、维生素C和硝酸盐含量,而减少有机酸含量.交替灌水条件下,高氮处理的番茄可溶性固形物、有机酸和硝酸盐含量最高,而中氮处理的番茄可溶性糖、番茄红素、维生素C含量最高.综合考虑产量、水分利用和品质的因素,交替灌溉条件下番茄的最佳水氮供给模式为开花结果期低水中氮处理. 相似文献
2.
水肥耦合对加气滴灌加工番茄产量及品质的影响 总被引：4，自引：6，他引：4
为探求北疆地区水肥耦合对加气灌溉加工番茄产量、品质及水肥利用效率的影响，该研究设置2个灌溉水平分别为4 950和4 050 m3/hm2、4个施氮梯度分别为280、250、220和190 kg/hm2以及2个加气水平分别为掺气比例15%和0%进行完全组合设计。结果表明，加气灌溉使加工番茄产量显著提高2.32%～10.02%，灌溉水分利用效率与氮肥偏生产力分别提高6.12%和6.19%。加气提高了加工番茄可溶性糖、有机酸、维生素C、可溶性固形物含量，基于主成分分析对各品质指标进行综合评价，得出最优处理为灌水4 050 m3/hm2，施氮250 kg/hm2。研究可为提高新疆加工番茄水肥利用率提供理论依据。 相似文献
3.
为了给戈壁日光温室番茄基质生产中保水剂的合理添加提供技术依据,以酒番6号为试材,设置正常灌溉水平下不添加保水剂、添加90 kg/hm2凹凸棒、添加90 kg/hm2高分子树脂3个处理;定植后7 d减量灌水15%水平下不添加保水剂、添加90 kg/hm2凹凸棒、添加90 kg/hm2高分子树脂3个处理,研究了添加不同保水剂对戈壁日光温室基质栽培番茄生长、品质和产量的影响。结果表明,在正常灌溉水平下,与对照不添加保水剂相比较,添加90 kg/hm2凹凸棒和90 kg/hm2高分子树脂处理的番茄产量提高5.67%~5.85%,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C、可溶性固形物含量及水分利用效率分别提高10.83%~12.50%、11.88%~38.61%、1.98%~2.20%、7.74%~13.47%、5.70%~5.89%。减量灌水15%水平下,添加90 kg/hm2凹凸棒和90 kg/hm2高分子树脂处理的番茄产量提高8.65%~15.48%,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C含量及水分利用效率分别提高30.50%~37.24%、70.14%~84.86%、15.83%~18.38%、8.64%~15.50%,可溶性固形物含量降低3.36%~17.75%。表明添加保水剂可显著提高番茄植株生长,提高产量,改善果实品质。主成分分析表明,正常灌溉水平(4 500 m3/hm2)下,以添加90 kg/hm2高分子树脂效果最佳。 相似文献
4.
适宜的毛管埋深提高温室番茄品质及产量 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为探索地下滴灌条件下,毛管埋深对作物"地上部分-地下部分-产量和品质"相互作用的影响,合理配置滴灌措施,提高水分管理能力,该文研究了4种不同毛管埋深0、10、20和30 cm(CK、S10、S20和S30)对番茄植株生长、根系生长、光合产物分配、果实产量、品质和水分利用效率的影响,结果表明:与地面滴灌(CK)相比,毛管埋深为10 cm的番茄根系分叉数显著增加85.16%,但根长、根面积、番茄产量未显著提高,且番茄红素显著降低18.85%(P0.05);毛管埋深为20 cm,盛果期I番茄叶面积指数显著增加23.37%,根长、根面积、根系分叉数分别显著提高43.22%、20.82%、176.61%,番茄产量提高22.35%,番茄果实品质显著改善,如可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白、维生素C、番茄红素含量和糖酸比分别提高10.86%、32.34%、35.66%、33.97%和53.01%,水分利用效率显著提高35.91%(P0.05);毛管埋深为30 cm,番茄根长、根系分叉数显著提高46.10%、122.37%,番茄产量显著提高19.53%,水分利用效率显著36.93%,但番茄红素显著降低34.02%。综合考虑番茄品质和产量,地下滴灌毛管埋深20 cm是较为适宜的布设方式。 相似文献
5.
为定量分析生物炭施用对番茄产量和品质的时空效应和影响机制,同时为番茄生产中生物炭合理施用量的确定提供依据。该研究通过检索文献整合已发表的相关田间试验数据,采用Meta-analysis法分析了生物炭施用条件下,生物炭特性、土壤条件、田间管理措施与时空特性对番茄产量和品质的综合效应,并对各影响因素进行通径分析。结果表明：施用生物炭显著增加了番茄产量、果实Vc、可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量（P<0.05）,增长率分别为 30.7%（95%置信区间（confidence interval,CI） 为27.6%～33.9%）、13.8%（95% CI为10.8%～16.9%）、6.7%（95% CI为3.3%～10.2%）和10.7%（95% CI为5.8%～15.8%）,而番茄果实硝酸盐含量降低了3.1%（95% CI为-6.7%～0.8%）,对番茄果实糖酸比含量增加效应不显著（95% CI为-3.0%～7.9%）;番茄产量效应的亚组分析表明,生物炭施用在不同时间和区域特征下对番茄增产效应影响显著（P＜0.01）,随着时间的推移,生物炭施用对番茄增产效应呈波动式增长趋势,华北、东北农田区的番茄增产效应不显著;土壤有机质含量与番茄增产率呈正相关关系,土壤pH值与番茄增产率呈负相关关系,番茄增产率随土壤全氮及硝酸钾含量的增加呈先增后减趋势;田间管理措施对番茄产量效应分析结果表明,生物炭施加量>40～80 t/hm2时,增产率可达37.8%（95% CI为33.5%～42.1%）,生物炭热解温度在400～600 ℃内,生物炭pH值控制在>8～9为最优;生物炭施用量、生物炭pH值和产量年份是影响生物炭增产效果的3个主要因素。研究结果可为番茄生产中科学、合理生物炭施用量的确定提供理论支撑。 相似文献
6.
干旱荒漠绿洲区葡萄根系分区交替灌溉试验研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
为了探讨西北旱区葡萄节水优质高效灌溉模式,于2004～2006年在甘肃河西走廊石羊河流域干旱荒漠绿洲区进行了田间试验,研究了根系分区交替滴灌、固定部分根区滴灌和常规滴灌三种灌溉模式对鲜食葡萄产量、品质和水分利用效率的影响。研究结果表明,根系分区交替灌溉灌水量较常规滴灌减少1/2,其产量未有显著下降,而且显著提高了浆果V c含量,使果酸含量降低,可溶性固形物含量显著提高,成熟度明显改善。根系分区交替灌溉的水分利用效率较常规滴灌提高了37.36%。采用根系分区交替灌溉可以达到大量节水、提高葡萄品质和成熟度而不明显降低产量的目的,可以作为西北旱区果园有效的节水优质高效灌溉模式。 相似文献
7.
灌水控制下限对冬小麦产量和品质的影响 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
为制定冬小麦的优质高效灌溉指标,通过3个生长季（2005－2008年）的人工控水试验,研究了不同灌水控制下限对冬小麦生长、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,播种—拔节前期水分胁迫对冬小麦生长、产量及品质的负面影响不明显,且可节水11.68%～18.18%,水分利用效率提高8.33%～12.5%;拔节—抽穗前期水分胁迫对冬小麦生长的抑制作用最明显,使籽粒出粉率、蛋白质质量分数显著降低,面团形成时间和稳定时间显著缩短,产量降低6.56%～9.08%,但可节水24.29%～31.95%,水分利用效率提高6.19%～10.63%;抽穗扬花期水分胁迫对冬小麦生长没有明显影响,虽显著提高了籽粒蛋白质、湿面筋、氨基酸质量分数和出粉率,但减产9.96%～11.35%,水分利用效率仅提高了4.12%～5.62%;灌浆成熟期水分胁迫对冬小麦生长影响最小,籽粒蛋白质、湿面筋、氨基酸质量分数和出粉率均显著提高,但大幅度降低了产量,水分利用效率只提高了1.03%～5.95%。华北地区冬小麦优质高效节水灌溉指标是：播种—拔节前期、拔节—抽穗前期、抽穗扬花期和灌浆成熟期的灌水控制下限分别为50%、65%、70%和65%田间持水率。 相似文献
8.
根系分区灌溉对设施油桃生长发育、产量及品质的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
试验研究根系分区灌溉对设施油桃生长发育、产量及品质的影响结果表明,根系分区交替灌溉和根系分区固定灌溉处理可抑制油桃新梢生长,果实成熟期均较常规灌溉提前,平均单果重略低于常规灌溉,但产量基本未受影响,果实硬度降低,而可溶性固形物含量高于常规灌溉,根系分区交替灌溉和固定灌溉比常规灌溉节水50%,且水分利用效率提高。根系分区交替灌溉与根系分区固定灌溉相比,前者处理果实除硬度低于后者外,其平均单果重、产量、可溶性固形物含量和水分利用效率均高于后者。 相似文献
9.
基于番茄产量品质水肥利用效率确定适宜滴灌灌水施肥量 总被引：15，自引：13，他引：15
研究滴灌施肥条件下水肥组合对温室番茄根系生长、产量品质和水肥利用效率的影响,并运用多元回归分析和空间分析相结合的方法,寻求满足单目标最大的灌水施肥制度,以及综合评价产量品质和水分利用效率的水肥调控效应,提出同时满足高产优质高效的最接近的灌水施肥制度。通过小区试验,设灌水和施肥（N-P2O5-K2O）2因素,3个滴灌水量（高水：100%ET0、中水：75%ET0、低水：50%ET0,ET0是参考作物蒸发蒸腾量）和3个施肥水平（高肥：240-120-150 kg/hm2、中肥：180-90-112.5 kg/hm2、低肥：120-60-75 kg/hm2）。结果表明,番茄产量、水分利用效率、肥料偏生产力和品质受灌水和施肥影响显著。产量与灌水量和施肥量正相关;减小灌水量和增大施肥量,水分利用效率增大;增大灌水量和降低施肥量,肥料偏生产力增大。维生素C和番茄红素随施肥量的增加先增大后降低（中水除外）,可溶性糖随施肥量增加而降低（中肥除外）,可溶性固形物和糖酸比分别在中水与低水、高水与低水之间差异显著（P<0.05）。根质量、根长、根表面积及根体积与产量有显著的线性正相关关系。通过多元回归分析和空间分析得出,灌水量为159 mm,施肥量为479.4、404.4和382.8 kg/hm2时,水分利用效率、番茄红素和糖酸比最大;灌水量为279 mm,施肥量为510 kg/hm2时,产量最大;灌水量为262 mm,施肥量为225 kg/hm2时,肥料偏生产力最大。产量和品质同时达到大于等于85%最大值的灌水施肥区间大约为210～230 mm和385～453 kg/hm2,产量、水分利用效率和品质同时达到大于等于85%最大值的最接近灌水施肥区间为198～208 mm和442～480 kg/hm2。此研究为当地温室番茄滴灌施肥生产过程中水肥科学管理提供指导依据。 相似文献
10.
为研究红心火龙果品质和产量对有机肥料复配生物炭的响应,以5年生“台农二号”红心火龙果为供试材料,设置3个稻壳有机肥施肥量和3个生物炭复配比例2个因素,调查了不同处理对火龙果全年6批次果实中4批次的还原糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C(Vc)、可溶性固形物、花青素含量及可食率、产量的影响。结果表明：有机肥显著影响火龙果果肉可溶性蛋白、花青素、可溶性固形物含量及可食率(P<0.05);生物炭显著影响第一批火龙果果肉可溶性蛋白、花青素、可溶性固形物含量,以及第二批的还原糖和Vc含量(P<0.05);有机肥和生物炭交互作用仅显著影响最后一批火龙果果肉的还原糖、可溶性蛋白、花青素及Vc含量(P<0.05)。在相同的施肥量下,施用生物炭的火龙果果肉可溶性固形物、Vc含量和可食率较未施生物炭的显著减少,可溶性蛋白含量显著增加,还原糖含量在低施肥量(22500 kg/hm2)下显著降低,而中施肥量(45000 kg/hm2)下显著增加(P<0.05)。在相同的施生物炭比例下,增加施肥量显著减少火龙果果肉花青素、可溶性固形物含量及可食率(P&l... 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
18.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
19.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
20.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献