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本文着重论述了近年来国内外利用根癌农杆菌介导法转化林木的研究进展。简述了获得转基因林木的应用现状,并将国内外林木转基因工作给以概括,提出了转化过程中存在的问题,并对这一转化方法的应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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随着科学技术深入发展, 转基因技术已经成为林木定向遗传改良的重要途径之一, 林木基因工程也随着转基因技术的成熟而步入快速发展时期。目前国内对白桦(Betula platyphylla)的研究处于常规育种向分子育种的过渡阶段, 转基因技术在白桦定向培育过程中的应用才刚刚起步。文中从白桦开花、抗虫、木材改良、抗非生物胁迫等方面总结了国内外白桦转基因研究现状, 对转基因技术在白桦遗传改良种应用中存在的问题进行探讨, 展望了转基因技术在白桦遗传改良中的应用前景, 以期为白桦基因工程研究提供参考。 相似文献
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《开展林木转基因工程活动审批管理办法》已经2006年4月11日国家林业局局务会议审议通过,现予公布,自2006年7月1日起施行。第一条为了规范林木转基因工程活动审批行为,根据《中华人民共和国行政许可法》、《国务院对确需保留的行政审批项目设定行政许可的决定》(国务院令第412号)和国家有关规定,制定本办法。 相似文献
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转基因银腺杂种杨对土壤微生物的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
近20年来,转基因林木已开始进行田间试验,其中部分还获得商品化许可.与此同时,转基因林木的生态安全问题也逐渐受到关注,但这方面研究报道还很少.目前,已开展的转基因林木安全性研究多集中在转抗虫Bt毒蛋白基因和蛋白酶抑制剂基因林木上(高素红等,2005),而很少涉及抗逆境等其他性状基因. 土壤是生态系统中物质循环和能量转化的重要场所,转基因植物体内外源基因的表达产物有可能通过植物残留物及根系分泌物对土壤生态系统特别是对土壤微生物造成影响.评价转基因林木对土壤微生物的影响也具有重要的生态学意义(胡建军等,2004). 相似文献
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我国林木采伐管理问题的分析与思考 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
在对国内外森林资源经营管理形势和当前我国林木采伐管理存在问题认真分析的基础上,根据我国森林资源管理的历史经验教训和新时期林业发展的总体要求,对我国林木采伐管理和改革进行了深入思考,提出了坚持采伐管理制度、积极探索森林可持续经营新途径及切实解决采伐管理中的实际问题等创新和完善林木采伐管理制度的观点和意见。 相似文献
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本文记述了中国松叶蜂昆虫两新种,马尾松吉松叶蜂和油松吉松叶蜂。文中附有形态特征图4幅。 相似文献
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东北主要绿化树种对大气重金属污染物吸收能力的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文于2003年9月到10月在哈尔滨市主要街道采集和分析主要绿化树种的树叶，研究测定了东北主要的24种乔木树种和6种灌木树种对大气重金属污染物铅、镉、铬、汞的吸收能力。结果表明：绿化树种对铅、镉、铬、汞具有一定的吸收能力，并依污染物和树种的不同而有明显差异；根据不同树种对不同大气重金属污染物吸收量的差异将其各分为三级，其中吸铅量高的树种有白桦、垂枝榆和京桃等；吸镉量高的树种有小黑杨、钻天杨、银中杨和旱柳等；吸铬量高的树种有黄菠萝、紫丁香、旱柳、黑皮油松、红皮云杉、京桃、榆叶梅和糖槭等；吸汞量高的树种有榆叶梅、蒙古栎、旱柳、接骨木、野梨和华北绣线菊等。本研究为在不同大气重金属污染条件下选择不同绿化树种提供了科学依据。表4参11。 相似文献
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Mohammad Musharof Hossain 《Fitoterapia》2011,82(2):102-140
Orchids have been used as a source of medicine for millennia to treat different diseases and ailments including tuberculosis, paralysis, stomach disorders, chest pain, arthritis, syphilis, jaundice, cholera, acidity, eczema, tumour, piles, boils, inflammations, menstrual disorder, spermatorrhea, leucoderma, diahorrhea, muscular pain, blood dysentery, hepatitis, dyspepsia, bone fractures, rheumatism, asthma, malaria, earache, sexually transmitted diseases, wounds and sores. Besides, many orchidaceous preparations are used as emetic, purgative, aphrodisiac, vermifuge, bronchodilator, sex stimulator, contraceptive, cooling agent and remedies in scorpion sting and snake bite. Some of the preparations are supposed to have miraculous curative properties but rare scientific demonstration available which is a primary requirement for clinical implementations. Incredible diversity, high alkaloids and glycosides content, research on orchids is full of potential. Meanwhile, some novel compounds and drugs, both in phytochemical and pharmacological point of view have been reported from orchids. Linking of the indigenous knowledge to the modern research activities will help to discover new drugs much more effective than contemporary synthetic medicines. The present study reviews the traditional therapeutic uses of orchids with its recent advances in pharmacological investigations that would be a useful reference for plant drug researches, especially in orchids. 相似文献
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本文对2006-2013年期间我国感病桉树或桉树木片上发现的21个真菌物种的分类地位、形态特征、菌落特点、寄主范围、分布地域和危害特点等进行了概述。介绍的对象包括桉树枝干斑点溃疡病原 Teratosphaeria zuluensis（祖鲁畸腔菌）;桉树叶部斑点溃疡病原Teratosphaeria destructans（破畸腔菌）,Mycosphaerella marksii（马克氏球腔菌）,M. crystallina（水晶球腔菌）,M. yunnanensis（云南球腔菌）;桉树顶梢及叶白枯萎病原 Quambalaria pitereka（彼特氏桉座孢）;桉树苗茎腐病原 Calonectria cerciana（桉树丽赤壳）,C. pauciramosa（常丽赤壳）,C. pseudoreteaudii（瑞丽赤壳）;桉树叶焦枯病原 C. crousiana（克儒斯氏丽赤壳）,C. fujianensis（福建丽赤壳）,C. pauciramosa（常丽赤壳）, C. pseudocolhounii（类柯氏丽赤壳）,C. pseudoreteaudii（瑞丽赤壳）;桉树木片腐烂病原Ophiostoma tsotsi（类栎长喙壳菌）;桉树枝干溃疡病原Chrysoporthe deuterocubensis（类古巴黄隐丛赤壳）,Fusicoccum fabicercianum（法比桉树壳梭孢）,Lasiodiplodia theobromae（柯柯豆毛色二孢）,L. pseudotheobromae（类柯柯豆毛色二孢）,Celoporthe guangdongensis（广东暗隐丛赤壳）,C. eucalypti（桉树暗隐丛赤壳）;桉树枝干枯萎病原Ceratocystis acaciivora（相思长喙壳）,C. chinaeucensis（中国桉树长喙壳）。 相似文献
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泡桐叶片蛋白质多态性及其聚类分析(英文) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据白花泡桐（Paulownia fargesii）、白花兰考泡桐（P.elongata f. alba）、毛泡 桐（P. tomentosa）、川泡桐（P. fargesii）、山明泡桐（P. lamprophylla）、成都泡桐 (P. albiphloea var chengtuensis)、鄂川泡桐（P. albiphloea）、南方泡桐（P. austra lis）、白花泡桐（P. fortunei）、兰考泡桐（P. elongata）叶片蛋白质单向电泳和双向 电泳结果，可将它们聚类分为白花泡桐组（白花泡桐和白花兰考泡桐）、南方泡桐组（南方 泡桐和成都泡桐）和毛泡桐组（毛泡桐、川泡桐、鄂川泡桐、山明泡桐和兰考泡桐）。该结 果为泡桐属植物的分类提供了参考依据，也为泡桐属植物种确立、杂种鉴定和新品种培育奠 定了基础。 相似文献
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中国葛藤叶蝉名录及新种、新记录描述（同翅目：叶蝉科） 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文系统报道我国葛藤上的叶蝉种类，共有11亚科40属50种，其中含3新种、1中国新记录属、5中国新记录种，建立1新组合种，并对折板叶蝉属Paradaevicephalus Ishilhara的属征进行了厘订。新种模式标本保存在安徽农业大学昆虫标本室。 相似文献
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Katsumi Togashi Kaori Aida Katsunori Nakamura Takao Horikoshi Fumiki Takahashi 《Journal of Forest Research》1997,2(1):39-43
To evaluate the effect of adjacent tree species on the susceptibility of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii) to pine wilt disease, an inoculation experiment was conducted usingP. thunbergii seedlings potted with seedlings of six tree species,i. e. Alnus sieboldiana, Eurya japonica, Lespedeza bicolor formacutifolia, Pinus thumbergii, Robinia pseudo-acacia andSarothamus scoparius. About ten months after planting, they were inoculated with the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) in early July 1992. After that, the proportion of pine seedlings with completely discolored foliage increased more quickly
when the seedlings were potted withR. pseudo-acacia, S. scoparius orA. sieboldiana than when potted withP. thunbergii, L. bicolor orE. japonica. At the end of the study period, 17 weeks after inoculation, it reached 90.6%, 90.0%, 87.5%, 72.7%, 63.3%, and 59.4% when
the pine seedlings were potted withR. pseudo-acacia, S. scoparius, A. sieboldiana, P. thunbergii, L. bicolor andE. japonica, respectively. This indicated that the susceptibility ofP. thunbergii seedlings to pine wilt disease was influence by the species of adjacent trees. 相似文献
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木麻黄科有4个属96个种,天然分布于澳大利亚、东南亚和太平洋群岛,垂直分布于海平面潮线开始至海拔3000m以上的高山。目前,我国引种木麻黄已有：107a的历史,但加世纪80年代中期,我国才开始系统地从事木麻黄种质资源引种工作,开展了木麻黄种质资源收集、保存,优良种源、家系筛选,无性繁殖、共生菌等研究。到目前为止,在我国海南、广东、福建、浙江和广西等省区,引进了2个属(Gasuarina,Allocasuarina)、23个木麻黄种、200多个种源和260多个家系,通过试验筛选出了一些适合不同立地的优良树种、种源或家系,其中短枝木麻黄和山地木麻黄为全分布区种源。加世纪90年代以来,对异木麻黄属树种,进行了重点引进,共引进了10余种异木麻黄属植物,增加了我国木麻黄遗传资源,并对主要木麻黄种质资源进行了保存和利用。引进的木麻黄树种包括田野木麻黄、迪尔斯木麻黄、双针木麻黄、费雷泽木麻黄、休格尔木麻黄、矮木麻黄、滨海木麻黄、利曼氏木麻黄、纳纳木麻黄、沼泽木麻黄、小松木麻黄、多纹木麻黄、森林木麻黄、轮生木麻黄、山神木麻黄、鸡冠木麻黄、细枝木麻黄、短枝木麻黄、粗枝木麻黄、大木麻黄、山地木麻黄、肥木木麻黄、小齿木麻黄。论文着重介绍了我国木麻黄种质资源的引种驯化历史、研究、保存现状等。 相似文献
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1985－1987年在猛禽迁徒中途主要停歇地的山东省青岛市浮山、长岛县大黑山岛和辽宁省大连市老铁山，利用环志、染色标记和观察等方法，对其主要种类迁徒规律的生物学特性进行了研究，结果表明：猛禽南迁途径环志研究区的时间为8月下旬至12月中旬。迁徒高峰在9月中旬至10月底，通过环志鸟回收分析表明，猛禽的越冬区域为长江中下游及期 以南地带，并延伸到东南沿海。首次揭示了东北松嫩平原为途径经老铁山地区部分苍鹰的繁殖区域。秋季途径老铁山地区，飞越渤海海峡向南迁飞的部分松雀鹰，春归线则可能沿渤海海湾内侧几东北繁殖区迁飞。 相似文献
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Five Aigeiros section poplar clones were adopted as parents to produce five full-sib families through cross-breeding. Morphological,
ecophysiological, and growth characteristics of the five parents and their 15 superior F1 generations were investigated during
45 days of flooding followed by a 10-day recovery period. Cuttings were subjected to two treatments: watered (control) and
flooded to 10 cm above the soil surface. Results showed that flooded cuttings showed significant reduction in growth of height,
root-collar diameter and leaf area, and root and total biomass yield. All 20 clones formed hypertrophied lenticels and adventitious
roots by day 6–14 of flooding. In flooded cuttings, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and chlorophyll
fluorescence were decreased significantly compared with the control. After flooding ended, all plants recovered rapidly. Generally,
progenies showed higher growth of height, root-collar diameter, root biomass and leaf area than their parents both under flooding
and control conditions, showing that heterosis existed in F1 generations, regardless of flooding. However heterosis was lower
under flooding conditions than in the control. Under flooding, the highest heterosis of higher-parent in height and root-collar
diameter were 68.63 and 20.83%, respectively. Variability of flood tolerance among progenies was clear in growth of height
and root-collar diameter. Selection criteria for parents in cross-breeding were different between control and flooding. Relative
effect values of the specific combining ability (SCA) and relative effect values of the general combining ability (GCA) of
parents were more important than their flood tolerance. Progenies with a higher level of flood tolerance could be obtained,
even from parents intolerant to flooding. In terms of breeding, height growth would be most important characteristic to measure
in flooding conditions, and root-collar diameter growth was also very useful. Based on all measured values, the tested 20
clones were classified into three groups using hierarchical cluster analysis. Clones Lu, E4, E9, E29, A2, A8, A9, B1, B3,
B4, and D8, were flood-tolerant. Clones Lf, Ha, Lm, D1, D7, F9, and F21 were moderately flood-tolerant. Clones Sm and F13
were flood-susceptible. 相似文献