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1.
建立了同时测定有机肥料中磺胺类、四环素类和喹诺酮类13种抗生素残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法,并对样品的前处理方法、仪器分析参数进行了优化。结果表明,13种抗生素在50~1 000 ng/mL间线性关系良好,相关系数均达到0.999以上,检出限在0.02~0.04 mg/kg,样品加标回收率在69%~111%之间,具有良好的重现性。该方法具有灵敏度高、准确度高等优点,可用于有机肥料中13种抗生素残留的同时检测。运用该方法在有机肥料实际检测中发现恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星、土霉素等抗生素残留。 相似文献
2.
《农产品质量与安全》2017,(6)
建立了应用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定饲料中四环素类药物及其异构体的方法。样品经Na2EDTA-Mcllvaine缓冲液提取,PRIME HLB固相萃取小柱净化,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪测定,ESI正离子扫描,以多反应监测方式采集数据,外标法定量。四环素类药物及其异构体在饲料基质溶液中,在2.5~100μg/kg范围内具有良好的线性关系(r0.99);在3个不同浓度加标水平下,各药物的平均回收率为67.3%~102.6%,相对标准偏差为2.7%~8.1%,方法的检测限为5.0μg/kg,定量限为10.0μg/kg。经实际饲料样品检测分析,本研究中建立的方法适用于饲料中四环素类药物及其异构体的检测。 相似文献
3.
砂质潮土中五种磺胺类药物的高效液相色谱检测方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱法(SPE-HPLC)测定砂质潮土中磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲氧嗪、磺胺-5-甲氧嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑5种磺胺类药物残留的方法。优化后的色谱条件为:流动相比例为磷酸缓冲液(pH=2.3)∶乙睛=80∶20(V/V),流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长270 nm,柱温35℃,进样体积20μL。在优化条件下,5种磺胺类药物的最低检测限在2.4~4.9μg/kg之间,方法的线性范围为0.2~20 mg/kg,线性相关系数均达到0.999 9。砂质潮土中,在添加浓度为0.5、1.5 mg/kg磺胺类药物时平均回收率范围为70.03%~89.65%,相对标准偏差≤10%,能够满足实际样品的分析要求。 相似文献
4.
采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS／MS)，同时检测水溶性肥料中8种植物生长调节剂（胺鲜酯、甜菜碱、矮壮素、阿维菌素、氯吡脲、复硝酚钠、萘乙酸钠和赤霉素）。样品用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测，标准曲线外标法定量。采用多反应监测模式，正离子模式下扫描胺鲜酯、甜菜碱、矮壮素、阿维菌素和氯吡脲，负离子模式下扫描复硝酚钠、萘乙酸钠和赤霉素。在3个添加水平下，样品平均回收率为91.7%～102.2%，相对标准偏差为1.5％～7.5％；胺鲜酯、甜菜碱、矮壮素、阿维菌素、氯吡脲、4-硝基苯酚钠和5-硝基愈创木酚钠的检出限均为2 mg/kg，萘乙酸钠的检出限为2.5 mg/kg，2-硝基苯酚钠和赤霉素的检出限为20 mg/kg。本方法简便、快速、安全，重现性良好，可用于水溶性肥料样品中植物生长调节剂的快速检测。 相似文献
5.
土壤磺胺类抗生素固相萃取-高效液相色 谱法的构建与优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
设计正交试验对红壤中磺胺甲恶唑(sulfamethoxazole, SMZ)的萃取方法进行优化,并结合高效液相色谱,构建了固相萃取-高效液相色谱联合测定法(SPE-HPLC),并将该方法应用于不同抗生素以及不同类型土壤中SMZ的提取测定。结果表明,在以乙腈–磷酸盐缓冲液为提取液、提取液量为10 ml、超声时间为15 min、9 ml甲醇淋洗固相萃取柱(HLB)的条件下,红壤中SMZ的提取效果最优,0.25 mg/kg的SMZ回收率达到85.58%,能够满足环境样品的分析要求。利用该法提取测定红壤中不同抗生素包括3种磺胺类抗生素(磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶)和2种四环素类抗生素(土霉素、盐酸四环素),结果表明,当抗生素浓度为0.25 mg/kg时,磺胺类抗生素(SAs)的回收率范围在67.31%～85.58%,四环素类抗生素(TCs)的回收率范围在20.81%～59.33%。利用该法分别提取测定不同类型土壤中的SMZ回收率,得到潮土中SMZ的回收率最大,达到92.92%,其次为荒漠土、红壤、紫色土,最低的回收率出现在黄棕壤,仅为53.62%。据相关性分析表明,回收率与土壤电导率(EC)、微生物碳氮比(C/N)呈极显著负相关(P0.01),与阳离子交换量(CEC)、有机质(SOM)呈显著负相关(P0.05) 相似文献
6.
《农产品质量与安全》2017,(5)
通过制备量子点标记抗体,建立了动物性食品中四环素类药物残留量子点荧光免疫分析方法。结果显示,50%抑制浓度(IC_(50))为0.9μg/L;四环素、金霉素、土霉素的交叉反应率分别为100.0%、154.0%和46.4%;四环素、金霉素、土霉素的最低检出限分别为3.0μg/kg、2.0μg/kg和6.0μg/kg,样本添加回收率在78.7%~97.0%,批内、批间变异系数15%。同时,比较了量子点荧光免疫分析方法、传统酶联免疫分析法和液相色谱串联质谱检测动物性食品中四环素残留结果。通过对实际样本检测,证明量子点荧光免疫分析方法具有显著的准确度和可靠性。 相似文献
7.
依据《有机肥料中19种兽药残留量的测定液相色谱串联质谱法》（GB/T 40462—2021）对有机肥料中磺胺甲噻二唑（SMT）的残留量进行测定,对测量结果进行不确定度评定。不确定度来源包括标准溶液配制、样品制备、测量重复性、回收率及仪器等分量。相对标准不确定度计算结果表明标准曲线拟合、标准物质纯度和标准曲线配制是影响不确定度的主要因素,应在实际试验过程中加以重点关注与控制。在95%置信水平下,取扩展因子k=2,待测肥料样品中最终结果表示为：X(SMT)=(189.82±20.12) mg/kg。 相似文献
8.
为了验证呋喃唑酮代谢物(AOZ)化学发光检测(CLIA)试剂盒的检测效果,本研究用化学发光微粒子免疫法和高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分别对市售猪肉、鸡肉、鱼肉、虾肉4种样品中呋喃唑酮代谢物残留量进行检测,比对两种方法试验结果间的差异。经验证,该试剂盒对猪肉、鸡肉、鱼肉、虾肉4种样品的最低检测限分别为0.097、0.098、0.097、0.091μg/kg,试剂盒板内板间变异系数均小于10%;对4种样品做加标回收试验,其回收率82%~94%,变异系数均小于10%;该方法与高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测实际样品的检测结果一致。验证结果表明,该试剂盒稳定、可靠,可满足食品中呋喃唑酮代谢物残留快速检测的需要。 相似文献
9.
生鲜乳中四环素类药物残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《农产品质量与安全》2021,(5)
建立生鲜乳中四环素类药物(四环素、土霉素、金霉素、多西环素)残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)的分析方法。样品用0.1 mol/L EDTA-Mcllvaine缓冲液进行提取,用HLB固相萃取柱进行净化,以0.1%甲酸和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18(2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.8μm)反相色谱柱进行分离,流速为0.4 m L/min,用UPLC-MS/MS进行分析,外标法定量。4种四环素类药物在1.0～500 ng/mL浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数R20.999,检出限为0.5μg/kg,定量限为1.0μg/kg,4种四环素类药物的平均加标回收率分别是四环素74.1%～106.8%,土霉素84.8%～99.0%,金霉素74.8%～105.5%,多西环素78.0%～104.0%, RSD≤3.3%(n=6)。该方法灵敏度高,重复性好,选择性强,适用于生鲜乳中四环素类药物残留的定量检测。 相似文献
10.
畜禽废物中的抗生素可造成土壤及水体的抗生素污染,利用高效液相色谱及高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析了广州市代表性养殖场畜禽废物、施用畜禽粪土壤和鱼塘水中尼卡巴嗪、喹乙醇、四环素类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类、氯霉素类抗生素的含量。结果发现：猪粪、鸡粪中抗生素含量最高的均为四环素类,分别为123.76、14.59 mg.kg-1;含量最低的均为氯霉素类,分别为2.35μg.kg-1、0.08 mg.kg-1;小猪猪粪中抗生素的含量明显高于大猪。鱼塘水中抗生素含量较高的是四环素（5.16μg.L-1）与磺胺对甲氧嘧啶（4.78μg.L-1）,土霉素在所有样点中均未被检出。施用禽畜粪土壤中四环素类、喹诺酮类含量较高,分别为70.40、49.77μg.kg-1;磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶、磺胺甲噁唑、甲砜霉素、氯霉素、喹乙醇均未被检出。粪样中的抗生素可导致土壤和水体的抗生素污染,TCs、QNs和NCZ可能对生态环境和人类健康安全的威胁更大。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
18.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
19.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
20.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献