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微生态制剂是指能够调节动物微生态平衡,促进动物健康成长,提高动物生产性能的一类制品,主要包括益生素、益生元、合生素。1益生元益生元是一种不被宿主动物消化,能够选择性的刺激一种或几种肠道常在菌的活性和生长繁殖, 相似文献
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正益生元的概念相对较新,不易消化的食物成分(如不能消化的低聚糖)可被一种或多种对肠道生理具有益作用的细菌选择性发酵,一些益生元可选择性地刺激肠道中内源乳酸菌和双歧杆菌的生长,增加益生菌数量,从而改善宿主健康。如果特定有益菌不存在,益生元就没有用处。同样,如果环境不利,活菌也不会产生效力。最近提出了共生概念,即同时含有益生元和益生菌属性的食物才是有益健康的功能食品。1益生菌和益生元能够改善动物健康、生产性 相似文献
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微生态制剂又称为微生物饲料添加剂，主要包括益生菌。益生元、合生元三类制剂。益生菌是活菌；益生元是一类化学物质，不能被宿主消化吸收，也不能被肠道有害菌利用，只能被有益微生物选择性地吸收利用或能促进有益菌的活性或繁殖；合生元为益生菌和益生元按一定比例结合的生物制剂,能同时发挥二者的共同作用。 相似文献
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微生态制剂又称为微生物饲料添加剂，主要包括益生菌、益生元及合生元三类制剂。益生菌是活菌：益生元是一类化学物质，不能被宿主消化吸收，也不能被肠道有害菌利用，只能被有益微生物选择性地吸收利用或能增进有益菌的活性或促进其繁殖：合生元为益生菌和益生元按一定比例结合的生物制剂，能同时发挥二者的共同作用。 相似文献
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以羊乳为基料,研究低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、菊粉、低聚异麦芽糖四种益生元及复合益生元对发酵羊乳活菌数的影响;以发酵时间、益生元添加量及接种量为因素进行正交试验,以活菌数和滴定酸度为综合指标,利用综合评分法优化活性羊乳饮品发酵因子,确定最优发酵条件。结果表明：菊粉和低聚果糖增菌效果较佳,且二者复合比例为9:1时,增菌效果最显著（P<0.05）;最优发酵工艺条件为：发酵时间40 h,益生元添加量1.50%,接种量4%,此条件下,益生菌发酵羊乳中活菌数最高。 相似文献
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益生元替代抗生素具有改善家禽生长性能、促进畜牧业养殖发展、保障食品安全的作用。目前，已经证明益生元可以正向调节家禽肠道微生物群。益生元可以抑制动物肠道病原体，其发酵和代谢增强，可以刺激有益菌的活性，从而影响短链脂肪酸的合成。文章综述了益生元概念、效果、机制及其在家禽生产中的应用，为益生元类饲料添加剂在家禽生产中的开发提供参考。 相似文献
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益生菌兼或益生元对牛肠道菌群调节作用研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
益生菌/益生元具有调节胃肠(GI)菌群平衡及活动的能力,能够显著地影响家畜肠道内菌群的结构和活动,使有益菌(主要是乳酸菌)占有生态位,成为优势菌群,抑制霉菌生长和霉菌毒素的产生。饲喂益生菌后,牛肠道中的菌群呈现多样性,群落的复杂程度增高,牛肠道菌群的微生态稳定性增强。低聚麦芽糖、低聚半乳糖等益生元则能不同程度的被有益菌分解利用,作为有益菌的生长促进剂,发挥其益生作用。目前,益生菌/益生元已被广泛应用于食品、医药保健和饲料等各个领域。随着对其深入的了解和成熟的市场或产业化发展,益生菌/益生元的应用前景很好。 相似文献
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Effect of dietary probiotic,prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation on performance,immune responses,intestinal morphology and bacterial populations in broilers 
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下载免费PDF全文 A. Salehimanesh M. Mohammadi M. Roostaei‐Ali Mehr 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(4):694-700
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of probiotic (Primalac), prebiotic (TechnoMos) and synbiotic (Primalac + TechnoMos) supplementation on performance, immune responses, intestinal morphology and bacterial populations of ileum in broilers. A total of 240 one‐day‐old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four treatment groups which included 60 birds. Control group did not receive any treatment. The chicks in the second, third and fourth groups were fed probiotic (0.9 g/kg), prebiotic (0.9 g/kg) and probiotic (0.9 g/kg) plus probiotic (0.9 g/kg; synbiotic), respectively, at entire period. Daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were evaluated. The birds were immunized by sheep red blood cell (SRBC) on days 12 and 29 of age and serum antibody titres were measured on days 28, 35 and 42. Newcastle vaccines administered on days 9, 18 and 27 to chicks and blood samples were collected on day 42. Intestinal morphometric assessment and enumeration of intestinal bacterial populations were performed on day 42. The results indicated that consumption of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic had no significant effect on daily feed intake, daily body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass traits, intestinal morphology and bacterial populations of ileum (p > 0.05). Consumption of prebiotic increased total and IgM anti‐SRBC titres on days 28 and 42 and antibody titre against Newcastle virus disease on day 42 (p < 0.05). Synbiotic increased only total anti‐SRBC on day 28 (p < 0.05). It is concluded that consumption of prebiotic increased humoral immunity in broilers. Therefore, supplementation of diet with prebiotic for improvement of humoral immune responses is superior to synbiotic supplementation. 相似文献
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为了筛选具有肠道益生特性的芽孢细菌,进一步开发益生菌资源,该研究采用肠道病原菌拮抗试验,从羊的肠道内容物中筛选对大肠杆菌具有显著拮抗作用的芽孢细菌。通过梯度稀释平板试验及发酵液拮抗活性,分离纯化出1株抑菌活性较强的菌株D-4-1,经测定抑菌圈直径在18.7 mm;通过16S rDNA鉴定和菌株系统发育树分析,并结合生理生化结果,鉴定D-4-1为短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)。经胆酸盐耐受和人工胃肠道环境试验,该菌株可耐受0.3%的胆酸盐浓度,在pH4的人工胃液和pH6的人工肠液中能很好的生存。结果表明,D-4-1菌株具有较强的益生特性,可作为功能益生菌进行开发利用。 相似文献
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Badia R Zanello G Chevaleyre C Lizardo R Meurens F Martínez P Brufau J Salmon H 《Veterinary research》2012,43(1):4
ABSTRACT: Probiotic and prebiotics, often called "immune-enhancing" feed additives, are believed to deal with pathogens, preventing the need of an immune response and reducing tissue damage. In this study, we investigated if a recently developed β-galactomannan (βGM) had a similar protective role compared to Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. Boulardii (Scb), a proven probiotic, in the context of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection. ETEC causes inflammation, diarrhea and intestinal damage in piglets, resulting in large economic loses worldwide. We observed that Scb and βGM products inhibited in vitro adhesion of ETEC on cell surface of porcine intestinal IPI-2I cells. Our data showed that Scb and βGM decreased the mRNA ETEC-induced gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, GM-CSF and chemokines CCL2, CCL20 and CXCL8 on intestinal IPI-2I. Furthermore, we investigated the putative immunomodulatory role of Scb and βGM on porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) per se and under infection conditions. We observed a slight up-regulation of mRNA for TNF-α and CCR7 receptor after co-incubation of DC with Scb and βGM. However, no differences were found in DC activation upon ETEC infection and Scb or βGM co-culture. Therefore, our results indicate that, similar to probiotic Scb, prebiotic βGM may protect intestinal epithelial cells against intestinal pathogens. Finally, although these products may modulate DC activation, their effect under ETEC challenge conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
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Jan Erik Lindberg 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2014,(3):273-279
Dietary fiber is associated with impaired nutrient utilization and reduced net energy values. However, fiber has to be included in the diet to maintain normal physiological functions in the digestive tract. Moreover, the negative impact of dietary fiber will be determined by the fiber properties and may differ considerably between fiber sources. Various techniques can be applied to enhance nutritional value and utilization of available feed resources. In addition, the extent of fiber utilization is affected by the age of the pig and the pig breed. The use of potential prebiotic effects of dietary fiber is an attractive way to stimulate gut health and thereby minimize the use of anti-microbial growth promoters. Inclusion of soluble non-starch polysaccharides （NSP） in the diet can stimulate the growth of commensal gut microbes, inclusion of NSP from chicory results in changes in gut micro-environment and gut morphology of pigs, while growth performance remains unaffected and digestibility was only marginally reduced. The fermentation products and pH in digesta responded to diet type and were correlated with shifts in the microbiota. Interestingly, fiber intake will have an impact on the expression of intestinal epithelial heat-shock proteins in the pig. Heat-shock proteins have an important physiological role in the gut and carry out crucial housekeeping functions in order to maintain the mucosal barrier integrity. Thus, there are increasing evidence showing that fiber can have prebiotic effects in pigs due to interactions with the gut micro-environment and the gut associated immune system. 相似文献
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Nadine Paßlack Barbara Kohn Wilfried Vahjen Jürgen Zentek 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(3):569-578
In order to evaluate the potential prebiotic effects of cellobiose, 10 healthy adult research beagle dogs received a complete diet containing 0, 0.5 and 1 g cellobiose/kg bodyweight (BW)/day. At the end of each feeding period, faeces, urine and blood of the dogs were collected. The results demonstrated a significant increase of faecal lactate concentrations, indicating a bacterial fermentation of cellobiose in the canine intestine. Along with this, a dose-dependent linear increase of the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae in the faeces of the dogs was observed (p = 0.014). In addition, a dose-dependent increase (p < 0.05) of Alloprevotella, Bacteroides and Prevotella, and a linear decrease for unidentified Lachnospiraceae (p = 0.011) was observed when cellobiose was added to the diet, although the relative abundance of these genera was low (<1%) among all groups. The faecal pH was not affected by dietary cellobiose. Cellobiose seemed to modulate the excretion of nitrogen metabolites, as lower concentrations of phenol (p = 0.034) and 4-ethylphenol (p = 0.002) in the plasma of the dogs were measured during the supplementation periods. Urinary phenols and indoles, however, were not affected by the dietary supplementation of cellobiose. In conclusion, cellobiose seems to be fermented by the intestinal microbiota of dogs. Although no effect on the faecal pH was detected, the observed increase of microbial lactate production might lower the pH in the large intestine and consecutively modulate the intestinal absorption of nitrogen metabolites. Also, the observed changes of some bacterial genera might have been mediated by increased intestinal lactate concentrations or a higher relative abundance of lactobacilli. Whether these results could be considered as a prebiotic effect and used as a dietetic strategy in diseased animals to improve gut function or hepatic and renal nitrogen metabolism should be evaluated in future studies. 相似文献
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《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(3):609-620
Xylooligosaccharide (XOS) has been considered to be an effective prebiotic, but its exact mechanisms remain unknown. This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of XOS on pig intestinal bacterial community and mucosal barrier using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-caused gut damage model. Twenty-four weaned pigs were assigned to 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design involving diet (with or without XOS) and immunological challenge (saline or LPS). After 21 d of feeding 0% or 0.02% commercial XOS product, piglets were treated with saline or LPS. After that, blood, small intestinal mucosa and cecal digesta were obtained. Dietary XOS enhanced intestinal mucosal integrity demonstrated by higher villus height, villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, disaccharidase activities and claudin-1 protein expression and lower crypt depth. XOS also caused down-regulation of the gene expression of toll-like receptor 4 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein signaling, accompanied with decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and cyclooxygenase 2 contents or mRNA expression and increased heat shock protein 70 mRNA and protein expression. Additionally, increased Bacteroidetes and decreased Firmicutes relative abundance were observed in the piglets fed with XOS. At the genus level, XOS enriched the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, e.g., Faecalibacterium, Lactobacillus, and Prevotella. Moreover, XOS enhanced short chain fatty acids contents and inhibited histone deacetylases. The correlation analysis of the combined datasets implied some potential connections between the intestinal microbiota and pro-inflammatory cytokines or cecal metabolites. These results suggest that XOS inhibits inflammatory response and beneficially modifies microbes and metabolites of the hindgut to protect the intestine from inflammation-related injury. 相似文献
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Feeding experiments were carried out in growing pigs using topinambur powder or inactivated yeasts as prebiotic additives with an application period of at least 3 weeks. At the end of the experimental periods the animals were killed and segments of the intestinal tract were used for measuring transport physiological parameters and for mucin histochemistry. Jejunal epithelia were mounted in Ussing chambers for measuring electrical tissue parameters, paracellular permeability and short circuit current response to mucosal glucose. Both prebiotics had no effects on basal or forskolin stimulated short circuit currents. Total tissue conductances tended to be higher in response to both prebiotics. Topinambur increased mucosal-to-serosal fluxes of mannitol in the proximal and distal jejunum, which could only be demonstrated for the distal jejunum when inactivated yeasts were fed. Mucosal application of glucose induced higher current responses in jejunal tissues. From histochemistry it could be demonstrated that both prebiotics increased the number of ileal goblet cells and the thickness of the colonic mucosa. 相似文献
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M.C. Marinho M.A. Pinho R.D. Mascarenhas F.C. Silva M.M. Lordelo L.F. Cunha J.P.B. Freire 《Livestock Science》2007,108(1-3):240-243
Forty eight 21 days old piglets were used to compare the effect of prebiotic or probiotic supplementation and ileo rectal anastomosis on the morphology of the small intestine. Half of the piglets were maintained intact and the other half was subjected to an ileo rectal anastomosis (IRA). Each group of piglets received one of the following diets: 1) basal diet (C), 2) basal diet supplemented with a Xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS), 3) basal diet supplemented with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) and 4) basal diet supplemented with XOS and SC. Villus height was greatest with XOS and with XOS + SC, only in the ileum, as compared to controls. In the duodenum, crypt width was highest in the control group, but no significant differences were found in the jejunum and ileum. The IRA piglets had longer villi in the jejunum and shorter villi in the ileum. The crypt depth was greater in the duodenum and in the ileum of IRA piglets. Villus height/crypt depth was lower in the duodenum and in the ileum, in the IRA piglets. In conclusion, the XOS, but not the SC, moderately modified the intestinal morphology. The IRA modified the intestinal villus and crypt architecture but its consequence on the absorption of nutrients needs to be investigated. 相似文献
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Ebrahimi G Ouraji H Khalesi MK Sudagar M Barari A Zarei Dangesaraki M Jani Khalili KH 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2012,96(4):591-599
This study evaluated the effects of a commercial prebiotic, Immunogen, on feed utilization, growth rate, immunity promotion and carcass composition of the common carp Cyprinus carpio fingerlings. The fingerlings were adopted for 2 weeks and then reared in triplicate groups in 250-l tanks (n = 15 per tank with average initial weights of 11.12 ± 0.55 g). The fish fed on five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets containing different levels of Immunogen (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2.5 g prebiotic/kg diet) to apparent satiation thrice a day for 8 weeks. Weight gain showed no differences among the groups fed different Immunogen levels. Both feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio significantly (p < 0.05) increased with increasing Immunogen levels from 0.5 to 1.5 g/kg diet. The highest protein content (p < 0.05) was found in the fish fed a diet containing 2.5 g/kg prebiotic. Haematological parameters and plasma total protein concentration were also significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the fingerlings fed diets containing 1.5 and 2.5 g/kg prebiotic in relation to the control. The control fish contained the highest mean of total bacterial counts. The lowest mean (p < 0.05) of total bacterial counts was observed in the fish fed the diet containing 2.5 g/kg Immunogen. The present study reveals that a dietary Immunogen supplementation from 1 to 1.5 g/kg is capable to improve the feed efficiency and growth performance of C. carpio fingerlings as well as their resistance to A. hydrophila infection. 相似文献