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过氧化氢与蜂蜜的抗菌活性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着人们对天然保健食品和添加剂研究兴趣的不断增强 ,蜂蜜在医疗上的应用引起了国外学者新的广泛关注。蜂蜜最初应用于促进皮肤伤口的愈合上 ,蜂蜜之所以有这方面的治疗效果应归功于其物理渗透性和过氧化氢的抗菌活性。Ｗｈｉｔｅ等早在196 3年就鉴定出蜂蜜中的主要抗菌物质是过氧化氢[1] ,同时发现 ,过氧化氢是由葡萄糖氧化酶产生的 ,而葡萄糖氧化酶是蜜蜂舌腺的分泌物。Ｗｈｉｔｅ等研究发现 ,来自花粉的过氧化氢酶会破坏蜂蜜中的过氧化氢 ,使其数量减少[2 ] 。Ｄｕｓｔｍａｎ (1971)发现花粉含有很高的过氧化氢酶活性 ,而在花蜜中几乎没… 相似文献
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为了解水产养殖业常用抗生素对鳗弧菌的抗菌后效应,本研究采用试管二倍稀释法测定乳酸恩诺沙星、乳酸诺氟沙星、盐酸沙拉沙星等6种抗生素对鳗弧菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC);采用菌落计数法测定6种抗生素的抗菌后效应(PAE)。结果显示,6种抗生素在1、2、4倍MIC时对鳗弧菌的PAE分别为:0.17±0.11,1.45±0.21,1.81±0.33(乳酸恩诺沙星);0.54±0.11,0.72±0.12,1.17±0.22(乳酸诺氟沙星);0.52±0.19,0.72±0.25,1.13±0.22(盐酸沙拉沙星);0.46±0.16,0.86±0.16,1.88±0.30(盐酸二氟沙星);0.68±0.21,1.42±0.34,1.91±0.20(盐酸恩诺沙星);0.67±0.13,0.79±0.12,1.25±0.17(烟酸诺氟沙星)。6种抗生素对鳗弧菌均表现出不同程度的抗生素后效应,并随着抗生素浓度的增加,PAE的时间也延长,呈药物剂量依赖模式。 相似文献
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为治疗金黄色葡萄球菌小菌落变异体(SCVs)感染，分别以羧甲基纤维素钠和明胶为阴、阳离子载体，通过静电作用制备一种硫酸头孢喹肟纳米凝胶。以溶胀率为指标，筛选最优配方；以外观性状、扫描电镜图、包封率(EE)、载药量(LC)、粒径和Zeta电位为指标，进行质量评价；通过溶血性试验进行安全性评价；采用微量肉汤稀释法评价硫酸头孢喹肟原料药、市售硫酸头孢喹肟注射液和硫酸头孢喹肟纳米凝胶对SCVs的抗菌活性。结果表明，当明胶500 mg、羧甲基纤维素钠200 mg、三聚磷酸钠0.5 mg时为最优配方，为均一淡黄色；扫描电镜图显示硫酸头孢喹肟被明胶、羧甲基纤维素钠和三聚磷酸钠所交联的网络结构所包裹，网络大小均一；平均粒径为(75.72±2.62)nm, Zeta电位为(-0.010 2±0.001 4)mV,EE和LC分别为(85.68±2.41)%和(22.35±1.93)%;且硫酸头孢喹肟纳米凝胶在3 h内均未有溶血现象发生；硫酸头孢喹肟原料药、市售硫酸头孢喹肟注射液和硫酸头孢喹肟纳米凝胶对SCVs的最小抑菌浓度分别为2、1和0.5μg/mL。故本研究所制备的硫酸头孢喹肟纳米凝胶具有较小的纳米尺... 相似文献
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试验旨在提高葡萄糖氧化酶（glucose oxidase, E.C.1.1.3, GOD）的产量并进一步研究重组葡萄糖氧化酶的酶学性质及其对畜禽常见致病菌的体外抑菌效果。试验选取黑曲霉来源的GOD基因序列GOX4，经密码子优化后电击转入毕赤酵母，构建Pichia pastoris X33/pGAPZαA-GOX4重组菌，而后通过高浓度博来霉素筛选到一代高产葡萄糖氧化酶的重组菌。在此基础上，通过共表达糖酵解途径中的关键限速基因丙酮酸激酶基因BTS成功构建二代高产菌，并研究重组葡萄糖氧化酶的酶学性质，采用牛津杯法进行抑菌试验。结果表明：(1)第二代高产菌的GOD产量相比第一代提高了60%；(2)重组葡萄糖氧化酶的最适温度为50℃，最适pH为7.0；(3)稀释10倍和25倍的重组葡萄糖氧化酶发酵上清液对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和铜绿假单胞菌均有一定程度的抑制效果，但效果有所差异。综上所述，共表达丙酮酸激酶基因BTS提高了重组葡萄糖氧化酶的表达，重组葡萄糖氧化酶的酶学性质及体外抑菌试验表明其在畜牧行业具有良好的应用潜力。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究葡萄糖氧化酶和酵母硒对肉鸡非特异性免疫功能和抗氧化性能的影响。分别在基础饲粮上设置2个酵母硒水平(0和0.2 mg/kg)和2个葡萄糖氧化酶水平(0和0.3 U/g),组成4种饲粮,随机分配给动物。试验期为26 d。结果表明:饲粮中添加葡萄糖氧化酶和酵母硒均能提高肉鸡平均日增重,葡萄糖氧化酶和酵母硒对肉鸡生长性能没有互作效应(P0.05)。葡萄糖氧化酶和酵母硒对免疫器官指数和溶菌酶含量无显著影响,且不存在互作效应(P0.05)。葡萄糖氧化酶和酵母硒交互作用对40日龄补体C3含量有显著影响(P0.05)。葡萄糖氧化酶具有提高28日龄和40日龄谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量的趋势(P=0.06和P=0.08)。酵母硒对GSH-Px含量无显著影响(P0.05),且二者之间不存在互作关系(P0.05)。本试验条件下,饲粮中添加葡萄糖氧化酶和酵母硒均能提高肉鸡平均日增重,但不存在互作关系。葡萄糖氧化酶可以提高早期肉鸡免疫器官指数,增强血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性。酵母硒和葡萄糖氧化酶对肉鸡血清补体C3含量有显著的互作效应。 相似文献
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人们自古用蜂蜜来愈合伤口 ,作消毒杀菌剂。有些人把蜂蜜的抗菌性叫做抑菌素。蜜蜂咽腺分泌葡萄糖氧化酶 ,加进花蜜 ,在稀蜜中有活性 :能使部分葡萄糖转化成葡萄糖酸内酯 ,最后生成葡萄糖酸和过氧化氢 (Ｈ２Ｏ２)。抑菌素就是Ｈ２Ｏ２ ，杀菌 ,对热和光不稳定 ,易分解 ,作用时间短。双氧水是它３ %水溶液。含水量为１８ %～１９ %的纯真熟蜜中 ,病菌仅能短期存在 :伤寒杆菌 ,４８ｈ（小时） ;肠炎杆菌 ,４８ｈ ;变形杆菌 ,４ｄ（天） ;败血杆菌 ,４ｄ ;痢疾杆菌 ,１０ｈ。蜂蜜之所以具有抗菌性 ,是由于 :１．在熟蜜中 ,虽然葡萄糖氧化酶无活… 相似文献
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《中国养兔杂志》2018,(6)
本试验旨在研究葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)对夏季幼兔生长性能及血清抗氧化指标的影响。试验选择72只体重相近42日龄新西兰幼兔(812.1±10.33 g)随机分成3组,每组8个重复,每个重复3只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,葡萄糖氧化酶Ⅰ组(GOD Ⅰ组)、Ⅱ组(GOD Ⅱ组)在基础日粮中分别添加0.2%、0.4%的葡萄糖氧化酶。预饲期7 d,试验期35 d。结果表明:日粮添加葡萄糖氧化酶能够提高幼兔末重和平均日增重(ADG),其中GOD Ⅱ组提高了4.82%、11.3%,降低了死亡率;日粮添加葡萄糖氧化酶对血清生化指标有积极影响,血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、葡萄糖均有提高的趋势(P0.05)。血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活力有一定的降低(P0.05),血清碱式磷酸酶、GOD活力、胰岛素活力无显著影响(P0.05);日粮添加葡萄糖氧化酶提高血清GSH-Px活性,与对照组相比,GODⅡ组显著提高了GSH-Px的活性(P0.05),对血清SOD、MDA无显著影响(P0.05)。由此可见,生产中日粮中添加适量葡萄糖氧化酶可以提高冬季幼兔机体抗氧化能力,促进机体健康,从而提高生产性能,降低死亡率。 相似文献
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本论文以高效液相色谱(HPLC)内标法为定量手段,研究了单诺沙星经静注、口服两种途径给药后在雏鸡体内的药物代谢动力学特征;以菌落计数法测定了单诺沙星对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡球菌)的体外抗菌后效应。静注和内服给药后血药浓度-时间数据分别符合无吸收因素二室开放式模型和一级吸收一室开放式模型。静注给药的主要药动学参数为:t1/2α0.3313h、t1/2β5.9940h、Vd7.5246L/kg、AUC5.6916μg/(mL·h)、CLB0.8935/(kg·h)。内服给药后主要药动学参数为:t1/2Ka0.3029h、t1/2K6.5128h、tmax1.2100h、Cmax0.5159μg/mL、AUC5.1329μg/(mL·h),生物利用度为90.18%。抗菌后效应(PAE)结果如下,浓度分别为0.5MIC、2MIC、4.MIC的单诺沙星对大肠杆菌的PAE测定值分别为(0.6464±0.0294)h,(1.2077±0.0284)h,(1.6529±0.0496)h,对金葡球菌的PAE测定值分别为(0.5660±0.0075)h,(1.1746±0.0057)h,(1.4913±0.0257)h。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究饲粮中添加葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)替代饲用抗生素对川藏黑猪配套系商品仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化性能及免疫功能的影响。试验选用60头56日龄平均体重为(14.99±1.45)kg的健康川藏黑猪配套系商品仔猪,按体重相近、公母各半的原则随机分为3组:基础饲粮组(无抗生素对照组)、抗生素组(基础饲粮+50 mg/kg喹烯酮+50 mg/kg吉他霉素+75 mg/kg金霉素)、葡萄糖氧化酶组(基础饲粮+50 U/kg葡萄糖氧化酶),每组5个重复,每个重复4头猪,试验期30 d。结果表明:(1)在1～14、15～30 d和1～30 d仔猪平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)、料重比(F/G)和腹泻率处理影响未达显著水平(P0.05)。(2)与抗生素组相比,饲粮中添加葡萄糖氧化酶显著提高了仔猪血清中总蛋白(TP)含量(P0.05)。(3)与对照组和抗生素组相比,饲粮中添加葡萄糖氧化酶极显著降低了仔猪血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-Px)活性(P0.01),极显著提高了血清中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P0.01)。(4)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加葡萄糖氧化酶极显著或显著提高了仔猪血清IgG、TNF-α和IL-6含量(P0.01或P0.05),显著降低IL-2含量(P0.05)。与抗生素组相比,饲粮中添加葡萄糖氧化酶极显著提高了仔猪血清中IgA、IgG、IgM、IL-6、TNF-α和IFN-γ含量(P0.01)。综上所述,饲粮中添加葡萄糖氧化酶提高了川藏黑猪配套系商品仔猪的抗氧化能力和免疫功能。 相似文献
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为了获得抗菌活性较强的抗菌肽，将蜂毒肽（Melittin）与贻贝素B （Mytilin-B）的核心功能序列杂合，以Melittin （3-14）和Mytilin-B （13-27）的成熟肽段作为模板序列，根据巴斯德毕赤酵母（Pichia pastoris）偏好密码子，采用SOE方法合成杂合抗菌肽Mel-MytB（MEM）基因。改造后的基因克隆到pPICZα-A质粒，构建分泌型重组酵母表达载体pPICZα-A-MEM，而后经Sac Ⅰ酶切线性化后电转入毕赤酵母受体菌X-33。结果表明，在醇氧化酶（AOX）启动子调控下，分子质量约3.0 ku的Mel-MytB杂合抗菌肽获得表达，具有热稳定性和酸稳定性，煮沸40 min、pH 2.0~10.0范围内抑菌活性基本不变。抗菌特性研究结果表明，该表达产物具有广谱抗菌活性，其对大肠杆菌ATCC25922、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923/ATCC6538、肠道沙门氏菌ATCC13076、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌ATCC14028、副溶血弧菌ATCC17802、创伤弧菌ATCC27562、枯草芽孢杆菌ATCC6633的MIC值分别为5.1、2.2、2.0、4.6、7.6、9.4、13.2和59.4 μg/mL。因此，重组抗菌肽Mel-MytB在疾病防治和动物饲料添加剂等方面具备较好的应用前景。 相似文献
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本文以水煮方式处理艾蒿叶得到水煮液,并用该水煮浓缩液通过涂层整理和浸轧整理的方式对真丝织物进行抗菌整理.根据AATCC100抗菌测试方法,以大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为实验菌株,测试整理后的真丝织物的抗菌性,优选出效果良好的整理方式,选取抗菌效果较好的整理方法和反应条件下的真丝织物测试其服用性能.实验结果表明,涂层整理后的真丝织物24h时基本上未达到26%的抗菌效率,抗菌效果不显著,浸轧整理后真丝织物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌在24h、48h内抑菌效率基本达到了100%,抗菌效果良好;对整理后的真丝织物的服用性能测试表明,该整理方式对真丝织物的服用性能影响不大. 相似文献
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Reasons for performing study: Incisional complications are a major post operative challenge following ventral midline exploratory celiotomy for abdominal pain in horses. They lead to discomfort, prolonged hospitalisation, longer recovery times and increased cost; therefore, investigation of preventative procedures are warranted. Objectives: To determine the clinical effect of antibacterial (triclosan) coated 2‐0 polyglactin 910 suture material on the likelihood of incisional infections when used for closure of subcutaneous tissue following ventral midline celiotomies in horses. Methods: One hundred horses undergoing exploratory celiotomy assigned at random to one of 2 groups. In the control group coated 2‐0 polyglactin 910 (Vicryl) was used for apposition of the subcutaneous tissue in a simple continuous pattern and, in the study group, antibacterial (triclosan) coated 2‐0 polyglactin 910 suture material (Vicryl Plus) was used. Post operatively an elastic adhesive abdominal bandage was applied, changed and the incision was inspected by a clinician blinded to the study protocol at 24–36 h and 6–9 days post operatively. Outcomes of interest were evidence of incisional pain, incisional oedema, sheath/udder oedema, incisional drainage, hernia formation and dehiscence. Results: Antibacterial‐coated suture material did not decrease the likelihood of incisional complications in 100 horses. Conclusions: A beneficial effect on ventral midline incisions in 100 horses was not evident by using antibacterial‐coated suture material. Potential relevance: Lack of effectiveness of antibacterial‐coated suture material in equine ventral midline closure after exploratory celiotomy and the observed potential adverse effects suggest that further clinical investigations are needed before using such material routinely on horses. 相似文献
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Yu Lin Xugang Shu Zhihuan Fu Hongchao Hu Wen-Xiong Wang Sheng Gong 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(10):1377-1387
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the enteric coating process affects growth performance, Fe bioavailability, and gene expression levels that maintain iron balance in the body. The test was divided into the control group, ferrous sulfate group, ferrous fumarate group, ferrous glycine chelate(1:1) (Fe‐Gly(1:1)) group, ferrous glycine chelate(2:1) (Fe‐Gly(2:1)) group, enteric‐coated Fe‐Gly(1:1) group, and enteric‐coated Fe‐Gly(2:1) group. The results showed that the growth performance of the rats in each iron supplement group was no significant difference among them. The results of serum biochemical indicators showed that the antioxidant capacity of the rats in the iron supplement group after enteric coating increased. The iron supplementation effect of Fe‐Gly(1:1) and Fe‐Gly(2:1) was better than that of ferrous sulfate, and the effect of Fe‐Gly(1:1) after enteric coating was enhanced. The expression levels of IRP1 and IRP2 in the genes of enteric‐coated Fe‐Gly(1:1) and enteric‐coated Fe‐Gly(2:1) were significantly higher than those of ferrous sulfate. The expression levels of IRP1 and IRP2 in the protein of enteric‐coated Fe‐Gly(1:1) group were significantly higher than those in the Fe‐Gly(1:1) group. The above results show that Fe‐Gly can improve the bioavailability and antioxidant capacity of iron and reduce the iron output of feces after enteric coating. 相似文献
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E de Graaf-Roelfsema HA Keizer E van Breda ID Wijnberg JH van der Kolk 《American journal of veterinary research》2012,73(9):1386-1393
Objective-To determine the influence of intensified training and subsequent reduced training on glucose metabolism rate and peripheral insulin sensitivity in horses and identify potential markers indicative of early overtraining. Animals-12 Standardbred geldings. Procedures-Horses underwent 4 phases of treadmill-based training. In phase 1, horses were habituated to the treadmill. In phase 2, endurance training was alternated with high-intensity exercise training. In phase 3, horses were divided into control and intensified training groups. In the intensified training group, training intensity, duration, and frequency were further increased via a protocol to induce overtraining; in the control group, these factors remained unaltered. In phase 4, training intensity was reduced. Standardized exercise tests were performed after each phase and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (HEC) tests were performed after phases 2, 3, and 4. Results-10 of 12 horses completed the study. Dissociation between mean glucose metabolism rate and mean glucose metabolism rate-to-plasma insulin concentration ratio (M:I) was evident in the intensified training group during steady state of HEC testing after phases 3 and 4. After phase 4, mean glucose metabolism rate was significantly decreased (from 31.1 ± 6.8 μmol/kg/min to 18.1 ± 3.4 μmol/kg/min), as was M:I (from 1.05 ± 0.31 to 0.62 ± 0.17) during steady state in the intensified training group, compared with phase 3 values for the same horses. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Dissociation between the glucose metabolism rate and M:I in horses that underwent intensified training may reflect non-insulin-dependent increases in glucose metabolism. 相似文献
16.
Wang XF Zhang SL Zhu LY Xie SY Dong Z Wang Y Zhou WZ 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,191(1):115-120
This study aimed to enhance the antibacterial activity of tilmicosin by solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). Tilmicosin-loaded hydrogenated castor oil (HCO)-SLN was prepared using a hot homogenisation and ultrasonication method. The physicochemical characteristics of SLN were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). The antibacterial activity of tilmicosin-SLN against Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated by growth inhibition and colony-counting method. A therapeutic study of tilmicosin-SLN was conducted by subcutaneous injection in a mouse mastitis model infected with S. aureus by teat canal infusion. Therapeutic efficacy was assessed by physical appearance of the mammary gland and measurement of colony-forming units (CFU) per gland. The results showed that the diameter, polydispersivity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of the nanoparticles were 343±26 nm, 0.33±0.08, -7.9±0.4 mV, 60.4±3.3% and 11.2±0.47%, respectively. Tilmicosin-SLN showed a sustained-release effect and sustained and enhanced antibacterial activity in vitro. SLN significantly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of tilmicosin determined by lower CFU counts and a decreased degree of inflammation. These results demonstrated that the HCO-SLN is an effective carrier to enhance the antibacterial activity of tilmicosin. 相似文献
17.
本试验采用121 ℃高压处理副猪嗜血杆菌4型和5型耐热蛋白,混合作为包被抗原,建立了检测副猪嗜血杆菌抗体的间接ELISA方法。通过对试验条件进行筛选优化,确定了最佳反应条件:抗原包被浓度为10 μg/mL,37 ℃包被2 h;封闭液选择含20 g/L脱脂奶粉的PBST,封闭30 min;血清的稀释度为1∶80;抗原抗体反应时间为45 min;酶标二抗稀释度为1∶12000,作用时间为30 min;底物显色时间为15 min。特异性、重复性和敏感性试验及对200份送检血清的检测结果表明,建立的间接ELISA方法特异性和重复性良好,敏感性比间接血凝试验高,对已知阴阳性血清的临床样本检测结果与国外ELISA试剂盒一致,可用于副猪嗜血杆菌的血清抗体检测和血清流行病学调查。 相似文献
18.
Carbohydrates, which were not digested in the jejunum, will be fermented by micro‐organisms to short chain fatty acids. These are transported by the monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) through the gut wall and serve as fuels for colonic cells. To deliver butyrate to the distal part of the intestine, inulin with a low precaecal digestibility was chosen as a coating material. Approximately 150 g of inulin‐coated butyrate (containing 81 g butyrate) per day was fed to pigs (mean weight: 97 kg) over a period of 6 days after an adaptation period of 6 days with linear increasing amounts of butyrate. The following observations compared to controls were observed: (1) coating was digested microbially in the ileum; (2) MCT1‐mRNA showed a higher expression in the ileum; (3) apoptosis was reduced in the ileum but mitosis was not changed; and (4) length of villi increased by approximately 25% in the ileum. Feeding inulin‐coated butyrate resulted in an increased ileal surface. Delivery of butyrate to the colon requires a more resistant inulin‐coating. 相似文献
19.
试验旨在对一株牛瘤胃源解淀粉芽孢杆菌的生长曲线、耐酸性和耐胆酸盐性等特性进行分析，同时对该菌发酵产物的抑菌活性和抑菌活性稳定性进行测定。采用生长速率法测定该菌生长曲线，活菌计数法测定耐酸性和耐胆酸盐性等特性，牛津杯法测定抑菌活性和抑菌活性稳定性。结果显示，该菌生长4 h时进入对数生长期，20 h后生长趋于稳定，进入生长稳定期；同时该菌表现出较好的耐酸性，在pH 3.0~7.0时存活率为23.8%~90.6%；有较好的耐胆酸盐性，在0.1%~0.4%的胆酸盐中存活率为64.2%~83.6%。以大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）、副溶血弧菌（Vibrio parahemolyticus）、藤黄八叠球菌（Sarcina lutea）和产气杆菌（Aerogenes）等细菌和黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）、黑根霉（Rhizopus nigricans）等霉菌作指示菌进行抑菌试验发现，该菌的发酵产物具有抑菌活性，同时其抑菌活性物质的耐热性和耐酸性较好。本试验通过对该解淀粉芽孢杆菌的特性进行研究发现，该菌具有耐酸、耐胆酸盐等特性；其抑菌活性及抑菌稳定性较好，具有耐酸碱及耐高温特性。 相似文献