首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 63 毫秒
1.
本研究通过牛(Bos taurus)卵母细胞体外成熟培养不同时间(0和10 h),剥除卵母细胞外周的颗粒细胞后继续培养,观察其与不脱颗粒细胞正常体外成熟培养卵母细胞之间的差异.研究结果显示:成熟培养0脱颗粒细胞的卵母细胞,与正常成熟培养的卵母细胞在成熟率(19.51%vs.80.14%,P<0.05)、卵裂率(27.08%vs.82.61%,P<0.05)和孤雌激活胚胎囊胚率(7.69%vs.21.71%,P<0.05)差异显著;成熟培养10 h后脱颗粒细胞的牛卵母细胞,与正常体外成熟培养的卵母细胞相比,在成熟率(82.71%vs.80.14%,P>0.05)、卵裂率(83.01%vs.82.61%,P>0.05)和孤雌激活胚胎囊胚率(19.30%vs.21.71%,P>0.05)无显著差异.向成熟培养10h脱颗粒细胞的卵母细胞内注射pVenus-Hlfoo mRNA,pVenus,pDsRed1-N1和重组质粒pDsRedl-Hle都能够得到表达.非功能标记基因显微注射组与对照组在卵母细胞成熟率(81.42%vs.82.03%,P>0.05)、卵裂率(75.24%vs.78.15%,P>0.05)和孤雌激活胚胎囊胚率(17.42%vs.18.82%,P>0.05)上差异不显著.研究结果提示:在成熟培养10 h,剥离颗粒细胞不会影响牛卵母细胞的发育潜能,这一技术平台可以用于牛卵母细胞体外成熟分子机制的研究.  相似文献   

2.
本实验分别以昆明系、ICR系和C57BL/6-Tg(CAG-EGFP)C14-Y01-FM131Osb系小鼠（即转绿色荧光蛋白基因小鼠,简称荧光标记小鼠）为主要试验动物,探索其卵母细胞第一极体核重组卵母细胞的生殖功能。超数排卵后采集小鼠卵丘卵母细胞复合体（COCs）,利用链霉蛋白酶酶解法分离出第一极体（PbI）;以形态学和台盼蓝染色相结合的方法对不同温度保存条件下COCs中PbI进行活力鉴定和分级;采用显微操作术将PbI核供体注射到去核卵母细胞中,卵母细胞,进一步观察重建卵母细胞体外受精和体外培养发育能力。结果表明：注射hCG后12～14h回收的PbI活力最佳, 4℃条件下保存48h 后PbI仍保持活性;117枚昆明系和ICR系小鼠重建卵母细胞经体外受精获得13枚2-细胞胚胎, 38枚荧光标记小鼠的卵母细胞中有3枚卵裂成2-细胞胚胎。本研究初步证明小鼠第一极体重建卵母细胞可持续随后受精及其早期发育过程,为发掘和利用其它哺乳动物母本基因资源提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

3.
小鼠极体重组卵母细胞的体外受精与发育   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
分别以昆明系、ICR系、C57BL/6-Tg(CAG-EGFP)C14-Y01-FM131Osb系(即转绿色荧光蛋白基因小鼠,简称荧光标记小鼠)和无标记C57BL/6J系小鼠(Mus musculus)为试验动物,探索其卵母细胞第一极体核重组卵母细胞的生殖功能.超数排卵后采集小鼠卵丘卵母细胞复合体(COCs),利用链霉蛋白酶酶解法分离出第一极体(Pb Ⅰ);以形态学和台盼蓝染色相结合的方法对不同温度保存条件下COCs中PbⅠ进行活力鉴定和分级;采用显微操作术将Pb Ⅰ核供体注射到去核卵母细胞中,进一步观察重组卵母细胞体外受精和体外培养发育能力.结果表明,注射hCG后12～14 h回收的Pb Ⅰ活力最佳,4℃条件下保存48 h后Pb Ⅰ仍保持活性;117枚昆明系和ICR系小鼠重组卵母细胞经体外受精获得13枚2-细胞胚胎,38枚荧光标记小鼠的卵母细胞中有3枚卵裂成2-细胞胚胎.初步证明小鼠第一极体重组卵母细胞可体外受精和体外早期发育,为发掘和利用家畜母本基因资源提供了参考依据.  相似文献   

4.
丁内酯-I对绵羊卵母细胞体外成熟和受精的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
绵羊卵母细胞经丁内酯-I(BL-I)抑制培养,然后转入成熟培养液培养不同时间,进行体外受精并观察胚胎发育情况。结果：解除8h抑制再培养8h组处于MⅡ期卵母细胞比率6.38％显著低于其它组别（P<0.01）。继续培养16h、20h的卵母细胞成熟率与对照组差异不显著,培养24h组卵母细胞成熟率(70.83%)稍高于对照组(66.18％),但差异不显著(P>0.05)。培养16h、20h组囊胚率分别为2.99%、13.64％与对照组24.39%差异显著(P<0.05),培养24h组的囊胚率20.33％与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论：BL-I对绵羊卵母细胞的成熟抑制作用是可逆的,经BL-I处理后未能提高绵羊卵母细胞体外受精和胚胎的整体发育能力。  相似文献   

5.
用改良ＣＲ２培养液探讨了牛磺酸（５０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）和颗粒细胞对牛卵母细胞体外受精后的分裂率、囊胚率和囊胚细胞数的影响。试验一中,在培养液中添加牛磺酸（５０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）对牛受精卵的分裂率、囊胚率和囊胚细胞数均无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）。试验二中,添加颗粒细胞对牛受精卵的分裂率无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）,但促进了牛早期胚胎的囊胚率和囊胚细胞数（Ｐ＜０．０１）;牛磺酸对牛受精卵的分裂率、囊胚率和囊胚细胞数均无明显影响。结果表明：在培养液中添加颗粒细胞可以促进牛早期胚胎体外发育的能力;在本试验条件下牛磺酸不能提高牛早期胚胎的体外发育能力。  相似文献   

6.
OPS法玻璃化冷冻牛卵母细胞和囊胚   总被引：13，自引：5，他引：13  
本文报道了利用拉细开口型细管 (Open Pulled Straw,OPS)方法进行玻璃化冷冻保存体外成熟(IVM)的牛卵母细胞及体外生产 (IVP)的牛囊胚的实验结果。实验 1的牛卵母细胞冷冻处理分 2组 ,组 1(G1 )是将卵母细胞在 IVM2 1 h时去除部分卵丘细胞后马上进行冷冻处理。组 2 (G2 )卵母细胞在 IVM6h时去除部分卵丘细胞 ,然后继续培养至 2 2 h冷冻 ;冷冻后的卵母细胞在液氮中保存 0 .5～ 2 h后解冻再继续 IVM1 h后与正常 IVM2 4h的对照组卵母细胞一起进行体外受精 (IVF)处理。实验 2则冷冻了来自IVP的 6、 7日龄的牛囊胚。结果显示 ,G1的卵母细胞 IVF后 8d的囊胚率 (2 2 .8% ,2 6/1 1 4)和孵化囊胚率 (1 4.9% ,1 7/1 1 4)都极显著地高于 G2 (分别为 2 .9% ,5 /1 71和 0 .5 % ,1 /1 71 ,P<0 .0 0 1 ) ;但两处理组的受精卵裂率差别不大 (分别为 48.2 %和 41 .5 % ,P>0 .3 )。冷冻第 6d和第 7d的体外囊胚 ,其冻后存活率和囊胚孵化率分别为 92 .7%、 89.2 %和 83 .6%、 66.7%。结果表明 ,利用 OPS法玻璃化冷冻经体外培养成熟的牛卵母细胞及体外生产的牛囊胚均能获得良好的效果  相似文献   

7.
在基础液 M199配制的培养液中,加入牛卵泡内的颗料细胞,置39℃、5%的 CO_2培养箱中培养72 h 后回收过滤液(简称改善液)。用这种不同浓度和保存时间的改善液,在体外成熟培养牛卵母细胞和胚胎时分别代替培养液和培养液加颗粒细胞制作的单层细胞培养体系。结果表明:(1)在基础液 M199中分别加入0%、25%、50%、75%、100%改善液和对照纽,其分裂率(78.7%～83.0%)组间均无差异(P>0.05);受精卵在体外培养至囊胚率,其中0%改善液组为30.4%,与对照组46.5%有显著差异(P<0.01);囊胚孵化率0%和25%改善液组分别为57.1%和57.9%,与对照组76.6%有显著差异(P<0.01)。(2)改善液保存时间为0 d,-4℃ 5～7 d,-20℃180 d 和对照组,分裂率(80.5%～86.3%)组间均无差异(P>0.05);受精卵在体外培养至囊胚率和囊胚孵化率,其中-20℃保存180 d 组分别为31.1%和54.5%,与对照组46.1%和72.0%有差异(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

8.
为了提高猪体细胞核移植重构胚发育潜力,本研究对体外成熟28h、32h、36h、40h、44h、48h、52h和56h的猪卵母细胞分别进行去核构建重构胚。研究结果表明,成熟44h的卵母细胞核移植后有较高的融合率（58.99%）、卵裂率（67.52%）和囊胚率（22.78%）,而成熟48h的卵母细胞则分别为56.51%、65.73%和15.96%;且卵龄为44h的卵母细胞核移植后分裂率与囊胚率显著高于卵龄为40h、36h、32h、28h的卵母细胞的分裂率与囊胚率（P〈0.05）。卵龄为48h的卵母细胞融合率高于卵龄为52h卵母细胞的融合率（P〈0.05）。同时我们还探讨了不同去核方法（盲吸法、Hochest33342染色法和Spindle-view system）对猪体细胞核移植重构胚发育能力的影响。研究结果发现,盲吸法、Hoechest33342染色法和Spindle-view system法的去核率分别达到76.33%,100.00%和98.40%。Hoechest染色法去核率显著高于盲吸法的去核率（P〉0.05）,而与Spindle-view法去核率没有差异（P〉0.05）。三种方法在融合率和囊胚率方面差异不显著（P〉0.05）,但Hoechest染色法的分裂率较低,差异显著（P〈0.05）。进一步的研究表明,细胞质内注射进行核移植构建重构胚的分裂率和囊胚率分别为68.13%和6.44%;透明带下注射法则为60.37%和8.08%,两者差异不显著（P〈0.05）;两者均可运用于猪体细胞的核移植,这为建立有效的猪体细胞核移植体系提供了参考。  相似文献   

9.
试验探索重离子束辐照对绵羊卵母细胞的体外成熟及体外受精卵早期胚胎发育的影响。用不同剂量的重离子束辐照绵羊卵母细胞和精液,观察卵母细胞体外成熟率及体外受精后早起胚胎的卵裂率、桑椹胚率及囊胚率。试验结果显示:与对照组相比,1.0、1.5Gy辐射可以明显提高绵羊卵母细胞的体外成熟率(p0.01);重离子辐照绵羊精液和卵母细胞并做体外受精后,早期胚胎发育有着显著变化。当用0.5、1.0Gy剂量辐照精液时,绵羊早期胚胎的卵裂率和桑葚胚率显著升高(p0.05),囊胚率无显著变化,1.5 Gy剂量,卵裂率显著提高(p0.05),2.0 Gy剂量,卵裂率、桑葚胚率、囊胚发育率均极显著降低(p0.01);当重离子束辐照卵母细胞时,0.5、1.0Gy剂量组的卵裂率、桑葚胚率和囊胚发育率显著升高(p0.05),而2.0Gy剂量组的卵裂率和桑葚胚发育率极显著降低(p0.01),而囊胚发育率为0。结果表明低剂量的重离子辐照绵羊精液、卵母细胞,对体外受精和早期胚胎发育具有明显的促进作用,而高剂量辐照则抑制细胞的生长发育。  相似文献   

10.
绵羊(Ovis arise)卵母细胞经丁内酯-Ⅰ(BL-Ⅰ)抑制培养,然后转入成熟培养液培养不同时间,进行体外受精并观察胚胎发育情况.结果表明,解除8 h抑制再培养8 h组处于MⅡ期卵母细胞率6.38%,显著低于其它组(P<0.01).继续培养16和20 h的卵母细胞成熟率与对照组(常规培养24 h)差异不显著,培养24 h组卵母细胞成熟率(70.83%)稍高于对照组(66.18%),但差异不显著(P>0.05).培养16和20 h组囊胚率分别为2.99%和13.64%与对照组24.39%差异显著(P<0.05),培养24 h组的囊胚率20.33%与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05).表明BL-Ⅰ对绵羊卵母细胞的体外成熟有明显抑制作用,但其抑制作用是可逆的,而经BL-Ⅰ处理后未能提高绵羊卵母细胞体外受精和胚胎的整体发育能力.  相似文献   

11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。  相似文献   

12.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.  相似文献   

13.
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,  相似文献   

14.
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.  相似文献   

15.
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options.  相似文献   

16.
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.  相似文献   

18.
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.  相似文献   

19.
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells.  相似文献   

20.
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB; the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants, no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi, enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant. In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after 30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号