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1.
为研究3种乳酸菌对乌鳢生长、抗氧化及免疫功能的影响,实验选用初始体质量为(3.43±0.05) g的乌鳢360尾,随机分成4组,每组设3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。分别投喂基础饲料和添加了10~8 CFU/g的乳酸乳球菌L21(L21组)、植物乳杆菌W21(W21组)、粪肠球菌L2(L2组)的实验饲料,8周后,采集乌鳢血清、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏和肠道,以检测相关指标以及基因表达水平的变化。结果显示,与对照组相比,饲料中添加的3种乳酸菌均可显著提高乌鳢的平均增重率(AWGR)、特定生长率(SGR)及饲料效率(FER),其中L21组显著高于其他各组。与对照组相比,L2组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)及碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性显著高于对照组,W21和L2组溶菌酶(LZM)活性显著高于对照组,各组免疫球蛋白M(IgM)活性均不显著。各组织中IL-1β、IL-8、IL-10和TNF-α基因表达水平均有不同程度升高,乳酸菌对肠道中免疫相关基因表达均有显著的促进作用。研究表明,本实验条件下,乳酸乳球菌L21对乌鳢的应用效果最好,能够提高乌鳢的生长性能、饲料利用及免疫基因表达,但对血清抗氧化能力并无显著影响。 相似文献
2.
为研究乳酸乳球菌Q-9胞外多糖(exopolysaccharides from Lactococcus lactis Q-9, EPS-9)对鲤免疫应答、抗氧化活性以及抗嗜水气单胞菌性能的影响,实验将提取并纯化的EPS-9 (250、500和1 000μg/mL)与鲤头肾细胞体外共培养,检测头肾细胞的增殖能力和吞噬活性,以及孵育液中一氧化氮(NO)和细胞因子的合成量。将300尾健康鲤[(47.66±0.43) g]随机分为5组,对照组(阴性和阳性)灌喂无菌的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(phosphate buffer saline, PBS),处理组分别灌喂不同浓度的EPS-9 (250、500和1 000μg/mL),1次/天,连续处理7 d后取血液和肝胰腺组织。随后,阳性组和处理组腹腔注射嗜水气单胞菌,阴性组用无菌PBS处理,感染24 h后取血液和肝胰腺组织。分别检测血清中NO和细胞因子的合成量,及溶菌酶(LZM)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)的活性;肝胰腺组织中的抗氧化(T-AOC、T-SOD、CAT、GSH、GSH-Px和MDA)指标。体外结果显示,EPS-9能显著增强鲤头肾细胞的增殖能力和吞噬活性,并提高NO、促炎细胞因子(TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6)和抗炎细胞因子(IL-10和TGF-β)的合成量。体内结果显示,与阴性对照组相比,EPS-9灌喂处理能显著上调血清中NO和促炎细胞因子的合成量,LZM和AKP活性,以及肝胰腺的抗氧化水平。嗜水气单胞菌感染后,NO、促炎细胞因子的合成量及LZM、AKP的活性均显著低于阳性对照组。但无论感染与否,EPS-9处理组血清中抗炎细胞因子的合成量均显著升高。研究表明,EPS-9在体内和体外均具备提高鲤的非特异性免疫、抗氧化活性和抗病原菌感染的能力,可作为一种安全有效的添加剂应用于水产养殖。 相似文献
3.
在黄河鲤(Cyprinus carpio haematopterus)高脂饲料中添加地黄粉或山药粉,旨在探讨两种添加物能否改善高脂对鲤生长、生理和脂代谢的不利影响。分别配制基础饲料、高脂饲料(脂肪含量14%)、高脂饲料+4%地黄粉、高脂饲料+2%山药粉4种实验饲料。将360尾初始体重为(79.97±9.86)g的健康黄河鲤随机分为4组:对照组(NC)、高脂组(HLD)、地黄添加组(HLD+R)和山药添加组(HLD+Y),并分别饲喂上述饲料。养殖实验共进行12周,其中前3周饱食投喂,之后改为等量投喂。分别在第3周、第7周和第12周末进行取样,检测生长和血清生化指标、肝胰脏脂肪含量和脂代谢相关基因的表达量。结果表明:高脂饲料显著降低了黄河鲤的生长速度,而在高脂饲料中添加地黄粉或山药粉可在一定程度上改善这种作用。高脂饲料可引起黄河鲤血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著升高(P<0.05),地黄或山药均可显著降低血清ALT活性,而对ALP活性无影响;在前三周饱食投喂的情况下, HLD组和HLD+R组的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性显著低于NC组(P<0.05),之后各组... 相似文献
4.
为了研究谷氨酰胺前体物对镜鲤(Cyprinus carpio specularis)肠道消化酶及Na~+/K~+-ATPase活性的影响,分别用谷氨酰胺(Gln)、谷氨酸(Glu)、α-酮戊二酸(AKG)、L-鸟氨酸-α-酮戊二酸(OKG)、L-精氨酸-α-酮戊二酸(AAKG)、α-酮戊二酸钠(2Na-AKG)替代基础饲料中的葡萄糖(添加量为1.5%),配制成6种等氮等能试验饲料,以基础饲料为对照,分别投喂松浦镜鲤(平均体重(40.27±3.96)g),饲养8周后测定镜鲤肠道消化酶及Na~+/K~+-ATPase活性。结果显示:Glu组前肠蛋白酶活性显著高于对照组;Gln组、Glu组、OKG组和AAKG组中肠蛋白酶活性均显著高于对照组。2Na-AKG组前肠脂肪酶活性显著高于对照组和OKG组;2Na-AKG组中肠脂肪酶活性显著高于对照组和Gln组。2Na-AKG组前肠淀粉酶活性均显著高于对照组和Gln组。Gln组和Glu组前肠Na~+/K~+-ATPase活性均显著高于对照组;不同处理组中肠Na~+/K~+-ATPase活性均显著低于对照组;Glu组、AKG组和OKG组后肠Na~+/K~+-ATPase活性均显著高于对照组,Gln组、AAKG组和2NaAKG组后肠Na~+/K~+-ATPase活性则均显著低于对照组。研究表明,饲料中添加Gln、Glu、OKG和AAKG可显著提高鱼体肠道的蛋白酶活性,添加2Na-AKG可显著提高鱼体肠道的淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性。 相似文献
5.
饲料中添加蛋白酶Aquagrow对鲤生长和蛋白质消化酶活性的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为考察蛋白酶Aquagrow对鲤(Cyprinus carpio L)生长和蛋白质消化酶活性的影响,在鱼粉含量为6%的基础饲料中添加175 mg/kg的蛋白酶Aquagrow,饲养平均体重为48.7 g的鲤30 d.结果显示,基础饲料组(对照组)和添加蛋白酶组的鱼体增重率分别为99.4%、105.8%,饲料系数分别为1.85、1.75,添加蛋白酶提高了鲤鱼增重率6.4个百分点(P＜ 0.05),降低了饲料系数5.4%(P＜ 0.05),但对鱼体肌肉水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量没有显著影响(P＞0.05);对消化酶活性的测定表明,添加蛋白酶可显著提高肠道组织蛋白酶活性和肠道内容物蛋白酶活性(P＜ 0.05).上述研究表明,添加蛋白酶Aquagrow可提高鲤消化道蛋白酶活性,改善鲤生长性能. 相似文献
6.
《南方水产科学》2019,(6)
为研制比无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)单个蛋白抗原免疫效果更佳的多蛋白重组罗非鱼(Oreochromis sp.)链球菌病口服疫苗,该研究利用同源重组法构建表达无乳链球菌Sip-Pgk融合蛋白的pNZ8148-sippgk质粒,通过电转化乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis) NZ9000中获得L. lactis NZ9000 pNZ8148-sip-pgk重组乳酸菌,使用nisin诱导表达并进行Western blot鉴定,制备Sip-Pgk融合蛋白乳酸菌口服疫苗,通过不同免疫次数隔周免疫的方式灌胃罗非鱼。ELISA检测免疫后的血清抗体水平,在灌胃免疫结束后的第18天通过腹腔注射无乳链球菌攻毒获得相对免疫保护率。结果显示,构建的重组乳酸菌诱导表达的蛋白大小为92 kD,与目的蛋白大小一致。与2次免疫比较,3次免疫该融合蛋白乳酸菌疫苗能显著提高罗非鱼的血清抗体水平和对无乳链球菌的免疫保护效果。3次免疫Sip-Pgk融合蛋白乳酸菌疫苗的血清水平显著高于单一蛋白组和PBS组,其相对免疫保护率最高(45.56%)。 相似文献
7.
豆粕对乌鳢肠道菌群组成及微生物氨基酸代谢酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究豆粕替代鱼粉对乌鳢生长、肠道菌群组成和微生物相关氨基酸代谢酶活性的影响,分别用豆粕替代0、25%、50%和75%的鱼粉配制4组等氮等能的饲料饲喂初始体质量为(8.65±0.25)g的幼鱼(分别命名为G1、G2、G3和G4组),养殖实验在室内纤维玻璃钢桶中进行,实验周期为21 d。结果显示,各组间幼鱼成活率无显著性差异;G4组乌鳢幼鱼的生长性能显著低于G1和G2组,而G3组幼鱼生长性能与其余3组差异不显著。厚壁菌门在G1和G2组乌鳢肠道中的比例显著高于G3组,且在G4组中的比例最低;变形菌门在G1和G2组中的比例显著低于G3和G4组;G4组中乳球菌属、杆菌属、假单胞菌属、链球菌属、芽孢杆菌属和不动杆菌属的比例显著低于其余3组。另外,G4组幼鱼肠道微生物谷丙转氨酶、腺苷脱氨酶活性显著高于其余3组,而G1组乳酸脱氢酶的活性最高。研究表明,豆粕替代鱼粉除了对乌鳢幼鱼的生长产生影响外,也显著影响了肠道微生物组成及微生物相关氨基酸代谢酶的活性,本研究结果对于从微生态角度进一步理解豆粕在乌鳢配合饲料中的应用提供了理论依据和参考。 相似文献
8.
本实验研究了饲料中添加酵母多糖(6.3 g/kg)、马氏副球菌(109 cfu/kg)、大黄(25.0 g/kg)和氟苯尼考(15.0 mg/kg)4种添加物对仿刺参[初始体质量(4.68±0.36)g]非特异性免疫力以及肠道组织免疫相关基因Aj-p105、Aj-p50、Aj-rel和Aj-lys mRNA表达的影响.每个处理分别设置5个重复,以投喂未添加上述任何成份的基础饲料组作为空白对照,养殖实验周期为60 d.结果发现,饲料中添加马氏副球菌能显著提高仿刺参体腔细胞的吞噬活性和呼吸爆发活力,而添加酵母多糖可以显著提高仿刺参体腔细胞的吞噬能力,但是添加氟苯尼考显著降低了仿刺参体腔细胞的呼吸爆发活力;而在仿刺参中肠肠道组织中,酵母多糖和马氏副球菌处理组免疫基因Aj-p105和j-p50 mRNA的表达均大幅上调,显著高于对照组.其中,酵母多糖添加组增幅分别为43.2％和63.1％,马氏副球菌添加组的增幅分别为49.8％和48.0％.马氏副球菌添加组中免疫基因Aj-lys的表达显著高于对照组,增幅为46.4％;大黄添加组中Aj-p105 mRNA的表达量显著高于对照组,而氟苯尼考添加组中Aj-p50、Aj-rel和Aj-lys的mRNA表达量相对于对照组均显著下降.研究表明,饲料中适当添加酵母多糖和马氏副球菌可有效提高仿刺参非特异性免疫力,而饲料中抗生素氟苯尼考的添加会降低仿刺参非特异性免疫力. 相似文献
9.
饲料中益生菌对凡纳滨对虾生长、肠道菌群及部分免疫指标的影响 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
以初体质量为(0.11±0.00)g的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)为研究对象,在室外水泥池进行10周饲喂实验,研究饲料中添加单一益生菌和复合益生菌对凡纳滨对虾生长、消化酶、肠道和粪便菌群及部分免疫指标的影响.以基础饲料为对照组,在基础饲料中分别添加地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、虾乐333(复合益生菌)、地衣芽孢杆菌+枯草芽孢杆菌(1:1)、虾乐333+地衣芽孢杆菌+枯草芽孢杆菌(1:1:1)各1 g/kg,配制5种实验饲料.实验结果显示,复合益生菌饲喂组对虾的特定生长率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而单一益生菌饲喂组与对照组差异不显著(P<0.05).饲料中添加益生菌能使凡纳滨对虾肠道蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力升高,其中复合益生菌饲喂组淀粉酶活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05).与对照组比,饲料中添加益生菌显著降低了肠道及粪便弧菌数(P<0.05),不同程度提高了凡纳滨对虾血清蛋白浓度、酚氧化酶活力、溶菌酶活力和总抗氧化力,其中添加复合益生菌能使血清蛋白浓度及溶菌酶活力较对照组显著提高(P<0.05).上述结果表明,与饲喂单一益生菌相比,复合益生菌对凡纳滨对虾的生长、免疫力具有更好的促进作用. 相似文献
10.
为探讨日粮中添加不同水平的银杏叶提取物(Ginkgo bioba extract, GBE)对鲤(Cyprinus carpio)生长性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化功能、细胞色素酶以及免疫相关基因表达的影响, 在基础饲料中分别添加不同含量的银杏叶提取物[0 (对照组)、0.5 g/kg、1.0 g/kg、5.0 g/kg]投喂鲤 60 d。饲喂实验结束后, 称重并采集血液、肝脏、肠道、 鳃和肌肉组织, 检测相关生化指标以及基因表达的变化。结果表明: 与对照组相比, 饲料中添加不同水平 GBE 对鲤生长性能和饵料系数均未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。血清生化数据显示: 饲料中添加 GBE 显著提高了总蛋白(TP) 含量, 而降低了葡萄糖(Glu)和皮质醇(cortisol)水平(P<0.05), 但对总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT) 和谷草转氨酶(AST)含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。抗氧化参数表明: 与对照组相比, 日粮中添加 GBE 对血清、肝脏、 肠道、鳃和肌肉中丙二醛(MDA)含量无显著影响(P>0.05), 但肝脏中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD) 和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、以及还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量均显著升高。同时, 1.0 g/kg GBE 显著提高了肠道和鳃 T-AOC 含量(P<0.05); 5.0 g/kg GBE 显著提高了鳃 GSH 含量(P<0.05)。基因表达结果显示: 与对照组相比, 饲料中添加 GBE 能显著诱导肝脏和肠道中 cyp3a 基因表达, 而下调 cyp1a 和 cyp1b 基因表达; 同时, 肝脏和肠道中免疫相关基因(c3 和 c-lyz)表达量在 1.0 g/kg GBE 添加组中显著上调(P<0.05)。综上所述, GBE 作为饲料添加剂不能改善鲤的生长性能和饵料系数, 但可以增强鲤的抗应激、抗氧化能力和免疫相关基因的表达, 并且未对鲤产生肝毒性, 鲤饲料中 GBE 建议添加量为 1.0 g/kg。 相似文献
11.
研究长江上游江津段的产漂流性卵鱼类早期资源现状和繁殖水文需求,可为长江上游鱼类资源保护和管理提供数据基础。2019-2022年的鱼类繁殖季节,在长江上游保护区江津断面开展鱼类早期资源调查,以了解该区域鱼类早期资源种类组成、鱼卵密度的时间动态以及与水文、水环境因子的关系。结果表明,采集到67种鱼类卵苗,其中典型产漂流性种类26种;从各种类繁殖规模比例来看,吻鮈、圆筒吻鮈、铜鱼、草鱼等占比较高;长鳍吻鮈繁殖高峰集中在4月,圆筒吻鮈和铜鱼的繁殖高峰集中在5月中下旬至7月上旬,四大家鱼的繁殖高峰集中在6月中旬-7月上旬,吻鮈的繁殖时间较长,高峰期集中在4月下旬至6月中下旬。产漂流性卵鱼类的主要产卵场分布在泸州弥陀镇、重庆朱杨溪-石门和金刚沱-油溪镇江段。相关分析结果表明,日均鱼卵密度与透明度呈显著负相关,与流量呈显著正相关。分类回归树结果表明,涨水过程中的水位涨幅、初始流量和透明度最小值是影响保护区产漂流性卵鱼类类群繁殖规模大小的重要因素,对于不同种类而言,所需的积温、流量条件不尽相同。长江上游保护区江段是多种产漂流性卵鱼类的产卵场,金沙江下游梯级陆续运行后,原产卵场位置和规模均发生了一定的变化,建议实施水文过程生态调度来减缓其影响时,不仅需要考虑水文、积温条件对鱼类性腺的影响,还需要考虑水文过程与产卵场形成之间的联系。 相似文献
12.
Zunying Liu Meng Lv Feng Li Mingyong Zeng 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(7):1056-1063
ABSTRACTIn order to enhance antimicrobial activity of the film, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were incorporated in gelatin/chitosan composite film, and the physical-mechanical properties were investigated. The film-forming solution of gelatin/chitosan/ZnO films showed increased gel strength (GS), elastic modulus (G’), and viscous modulus (G’’) compared to that of the Control. Fish gelatin/chitosan/ZnO films showed lower water vapor permeability (WVP), higher glass transition temperatures (Tg), and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Vibrio parahemolyticus. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and microstructure studies indicated gelatin, chitosan, and ZnO interactions determined the properties of the composite film. 相似文献
13.
Localization of Na+ , K+ -ATPase-rich cells in the gill and urinary system of Acipenser persicus fry was performed through immunofluorescence light microscopy using a mouse monoclonal antibody IgGα5 raised against the α-subunit of chicken Na+ , K+ -ATPase. Different types of epithelia were clearly identified in the gill epithelium: epithelia of branchial arch, interbranchial septum, filament and lamellar epithelium. The Na+ , K+ -ATPase-rich cells were found in the epithelia of branchial arch, interbranchial septum, filament, interlamellar region and also in the lamellae. Histologically, the urinary system is divided into head kidney, trunk kidney and short caudal kidney. The head kidney is composed of the pronephric tubules and the haemopoietic tissues, while the trunk kidney is composed of a large number of glomeruli and convoluted nephrons. Each nephron consisted of a large glomerulus and tubules (neck, proximal, distal and collecting tubules) which connected to ureters. Posteriorly, ureters extended and joined together to form a small urinary bladder. In the urinary system, no specific fluorescence staining was observed in the glomerulus, neck segment and proximal tubules. The distal tubule cells and collecting tubule cells showed a strong immunostaining of Na+ , K+ -ATPase. Epithelia of ureters and urinary bladder also showed several isolated immunofluorescent cells. Immunofluorescent cells were rich in Na+ , K+ -ATPase enzyme which is very important for osmoregulation. 相似文献
14.
Allahpichay Ibrahim Chiaki Shimizu Michiko Kono 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1984,38(1):45-57
Pigmentation enhancement in cultured red sea bream, Chrysophrys major, was investigated using Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, and a mysid, Neomysis sp., as a source of astaxanthin. Diets fortified with processed Antarctic krill (krill meal) and its acetone extract, containing 0.82–4.92 mg carotenoids/100 g dry weight, and raw krill and raw mysid supplemented diets, containing about 2.00 mg carotenoids/100 g wet weight, were formulated and tested for carotenoid deposition. The rate of carotenoid deposition in fish fed with raw krill and raw mysid was significantly higher and resulted in distinct pigmentation. The groups fed with the krill meal and acetone extract diets showed varied concentrations of skin carotenoids and resulted in faint pigmentation. Pigmented fish then fed on a carotenoid-free diet for the same length of time showed no apparent differences in the skin pigmentation although the detectable amounts of carotenoids varied. The bream converted some of the dietary astaxanthin to skin tunaxanthin. 相似文献
15.
Immunization of grouper, Epinephelus coioides, confers protection against a protozoan parasite, Cryptocaryon irritans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The present study aimed to determine whether protection is conferred by immunization of grouper, Epinephelus coioides, against a protozoan parasite, Cryptocaryon irritans. The immunization of E. coioides was carried out by a low level exposure of fish to live C. irritans theronts from predetermined number of tomonts and by an intraperitoneal injection of a vaccine consisting of formalin-killed C. irritans theronts.
Mucus titers detected by ELISA were significantly higher in fingerling and adult grouper subjected to the low level of exposure to C. irritans theronts at 3-week post-exposure compared to fish that had no previous exposure. In addition, significantly smaller tomonts were produced from adult grouper after three successive exposures than the tomonts produced after a single exposure to the parasite.
In the vaccine-immunization experiment, no mortality was monitored in fish that received high dose vaccine (100 μg/fish), while 40% cumulative mortality and 100% cumulative mortality were recorded in low dose group (10 μg/fish) and control group (PBS-injected), respectively. In the succeeding replicate, the vaccine-immunized group (high dose) had 37.5% cumulative mortality and 100% cumulative mortality for the control. In addition, a total of 1830 tomonts were collected at 5-day post-challenge from the control group while none from the vaccine-immunized group. Significantly fewer trophonts and tomonts were enumerated at 5-day and 7-day post-challenge, respectively, in the vaccine-immunized group than the control.
Results suggest that a protective immunity has been conferred on the immunized grouper as indicated by high antibody titers in the mucus of C. irritans-exposed fish and higher survival and fewer parasites in vaccine-immunized fish than the control groups. The conferred immunity played a major role in preventing or limiting the adhesion, invasion, and development of C. irritans theronts on the skin of the immunized grouper. 相似文献
16.
为确定海南某鳗鲡养殖场患病美洲鳗鲡大量死亡的原因,从患病美洲鳗鲡肝脏和脾脏中分离获得1株优势菌株AB01,回归感染证实该菌株为导致此次美洲鳗鲡患病的病原菌。经生理生化鉴定、16S rDNA基因序列比对及系统发育分析,判定菌株AB01为鲍曼不动杆菌。致病性分析结果显示,菌株AB01对美洲鳗鲡的半致死浓度为4.63×106CFU/mL。组织病理学观察显示,患病美洲鳗鲡的肝脏、脾脏均发生不同程度的病变,其中,肝脏中部分肝索排列紊乱,细胞肿胀,胞核溶解,胞质疏松,结构模糊,有大量大小不等的空泡;脾脏中胞质多处稀疏,伴有大面积损伤。药敏检测显示,鲍曼不动杆菌AB01对头孢噻吩、头孢唑啉、阿奇霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、利福平、依诺沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星敏感,对氟苯尼考、氨苄西林等9种抗生素中度敏感,对氨曲南和四环素等20种抗生素有多重耐药性。 相似文献
17.
B. Harvey J. Nacario L.W. Crim J.V. Juario C.L. Marte 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1985,47(1):53-59
Captive Lates calcarifer broodstock at Tigbauan, Iloilo (Philippines) were implanted with cholesterol-based pellets of the LHRH analogue D-Trp6-desGly10-LHRH ethylamide or D-hArg(Et2)6,Pro9-NHet-LHRH at doses between 9.0 and 23.5 μg/kg body weight. In May, one of ten LHRH-treated females released partially hydrated ova into the tank 4 days after implantation. In July, at least one (and probably four) of five LHRH-treated females spawned in the tank 2 days after implantation; 2.6 million hatchlings were collected. In August, both LHRH-treated females spawned in the tank 2 days after implantation; 978 000 hatchlings were collected. None of the sham-operated control fish spawned in any of the experiments.Captive Siganus guttatus broodstock implanted with silastic-based pellets of the LHRH analogue D-Nal (2)6 LHRH spawned 1–2 days earlier than sham-operated controls. 相似文献
18.
生态调度是减缓水电开发不利生态环境影响的重要非工程措施,三峡水库自2011年起,每年5-7月份择机开展面向产漂流性卵鱼类自然繁殖的生态调度试验,但是各年度生态调度效果参差不齐,缺乏生态调度效果评价技术体系。本研究从生态环境效益和社会经济效益两个维度出发,构建了面向产漂流性卵鱼类繁殖的水库生态调度效果评价体系,在此基础上,以三峡水库为例,评估了2012-2022历年生态调度效果。结果显示三峡水库各年度生态调度效果存在明显差异,整体而言,涨水持续时间、初始流量、流量日上涨率和洪峰流量、水温等水文水环境指标满足鱼类最适繁殖需求的生态调度试验,其鱼类繁殖响应良好,生态调度效果较为理想；同时开展两次生态调度的年份,其调度效果好于仅开展一次调度的年份。研究结果可为三峡水库生态调度优化设计提供参考依据。 相似文献
19.
为探究培养条件对坛紫菜叶状体生长和单性生殖发生的影响,研究了不同光强、温度和N/P比下坛紫菜叶状体的生长及单性生殖发生的特点。结果显示,当光强为10～40μmol/(m2·s)时,藻体生长缓慢、成熟晚、单性生殖发生晚;光强增至60～80μmol/(m2·s)时,藻体生长加快,成熟和单性生殖发生同时提前。温度为17～20°C时,藻体生长慢、成熟晚、单性生殖发生推迟;23°C时藻体生长最快;而29°C组的藻体虽然生长受到抑制,但藻体成熟和单性生殖发生得到促进。N/P比为16∶1处理组的叶状体比其他处理组(1∶1、4∶1、32∶1和64∶1)均生长变快,N/P比为64∶1时叶状体生长最慢,但易成熟、易发生单性生殖。因此,在高光强、高温和高N/P比下,藻体成熟和单性生殖发生均提早,说明这些因素对坛紫菜叶状体单性生殖的发生有重要影响。 相似文献
20.
The pharmacokinetics and bioavailabilities of 14C‐astaxanthin and 14C‐canthaxanthin were studied in the blood of rainbow trout following intra‐arterial (i.a.) and oral (p.o.) administration. Sixteen months old 1 kg trout were cannulated in the dorsal aorta. [6,7,6′,7′‐14C]‐keto‐carotenoids were administered i.a. and p.o. at a dose of 573.5 kBq kg?1 fish body weight for astaxanthin and 836.2 kBq kg?1 fish body weight for canthaxanthin. After i.a. distribution, total body clearance (Cltot) was 17.30±20.29 mL kg?1 of fish h?1 for 14C‐canthaxanthin and 3.30±1.50 mL kg?1 of fish h?1 for 14C‐astaxanthin. The volume of distribution at steady‐state (Vss) was 208.32±124.79 mL kg?1 of fish and 71.84±64.15 mL kg?1 of fish for 14C‐canthaxanthin and 14C‐astaxanthin respectively. Less than 0.4% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in urine. Radioactivity (expressed as percent of the dose) excreted in the bile of fish that received 14C‐canthaxanthin by i.a. route was 20‐fold higher than that observed for fish treated p.o. This ratio was lower for 14C‐astaxanthin (7.6‐fold). The mean keto‐carotenoid bioavailabilities calculated were 10–15% for both compounds. Findings suggest one daily astaxanthin application is preferable, while 12‐h time intervals between applications are preferable for canthaxanthin. 相似文献