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目的:用高效液相色谱法测定仔猪饲料中黄芩苷的含量。方法:色谱柱为Hypersil ODS2-C18柱(4.6×150mm,5μm);柱温30℃;流动相:甲醇:水:磷酸=47:53:0.3(V:V),流速:1.2mL/min;紫外检测波长:280 nm;进样量:10μL。结果:黄芩苷在2.5~160μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.9998。平均回收率101.51%,仪器精密度RSD为0.96%。结论:该方法简便可行,系统适应性良好,可用于仔猪饲料中黄芩苷的含量测定. 相似文献
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建立了测定普抗合剂中黄芩苷含量的反相高效液相色谱法。采用Symmetry C18分析柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为甲醇-0.006%磷酸(50∶50);流速1.0 mL/m in;色谱柱温度25℃;检测波长278 nm;进样体积10μL;外标法计算含量。结果表明,黄芩苷进样量在0.412~4.12μg范围内,其色谱峰面积与进样量间有良好的线性关系,r=0.999 5,n=5,回收率为99.48%,RSD=1.07%(n=5)。该方法可用于控制普抗合剂中黄芩苷含量。 相似文献
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《中国兽医杂志》2015,(1)
为了建立测定术苦芩颗粒中黄芩苷、苦参碱含量的反相高效液相色谱法,采用Wonda Sil?C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,黄芩苷以甲醇-0.4%磷酸溶液(用三乙胺调节p H值至3.0)(52∶48,V/V)为流动相,检测波长为274 nm。苦参碱以乙腈∶甲醇∶0.2%磷酸溶液(用三乙胺调节p H值至7.0)(22∶13∶65,V/V)为流动相,流速为1.0 m L/min,检测波长220 nm;柱温30℃。术苦芩颗粒中黄芩苷和苦参碱分别在浓度为10μg/m L~150μg/m L和10μg/m L~400μg/m L范围内与峰面积均呈良好线性关系,r=0.99991和r=0.99994,平均加样回收率分别为99.32%和98.37%,其相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.625%和1.206%。用上述方法分别测定黄芩苷和苦参碱含量条件简单、稳定、快速,可用于检测术苦芩颗粒的质量控制标准。 相似文献
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建立了高效液相色谱法(HPLC)同时测定芩黄颗粒中黄芩苷和甘草酸的含量。采用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.05%磷酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长为252 nm,流速为1.0 mL/min。结果显示,黄芩苷和甘草酸的进样浓度分别在61.84~618.4、8.256~82.56μg/mL(R 2=0.9999,0.9999)范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系;精密度、重复性和稳定性试验的RSD均小于2.0%;平均加样回收率分别为100.0%、99.2%,回收率的RSD分别为1.0%、0.6%(n=6)。本方法操作简便、准确,可用于芩黄颗粒中黄芩苷和甘草酸含量的同时测定。 相似文献
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采用高效液相色谱法测定胆翘注射液中黄芩苷的含量[1]。色谱柱为Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(5μm,250mm×4.6mm id),流动相为甲醇—水—冰乙酸(50∶50∶1),检测波长为274nm,流速1.0mL/min,柱温30℃。在相同的色谱条件下,探讨50%甲醇溶剂、流动相(50∶50∶1)对含量测定的影响,实验结果表明,不干扰黄芩苷含量结果测定(见图1、图2)。黄芩苷在0-100μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好R2=0.9999(n=6),回归方程为y=19.7840X+4.9103,回收率为97.6%~98.9%,相对标准偏差为0.5%。本方法简单、准确、可行,适用于胆翘注射液中黄芩苷含量测定。 相似文献
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《中国兽医杂志》2016,(10)
为了建立同时测定银黄口服液中绿原酸和黄芩苷的高效液相色谱方法,采用Discovery C18柱(4.6×150 mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.4%磷酸溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,进样量为10μL,检测波长327nm。结果目标峰分离度良好,绿原酸和黄芩苷的质量浓度与峰面积分别在1.00~20.05μg/mL(R~2=0.999 9)、10.07~201.55μg/mL(R~2=0.999 9)呈良好线性,平均加样回收率分别为99.90%和100.73%,标准偏差(RSD)均小于1.0%。表明此方法重复性好,专属性强,可准确、快速测定银黄口服液中的绿原酸和黄芩苷含量。 相似文献
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建立了测定小柴胡散中黄芩苷含量的高效液相色谱法.采用Hypersil BDS C18柱(5 μm,4.6 mm×200 mm),以甲醇-0.025%磷酸溶液(55∶ 45,V/V)为流动相,紫外检测器检测波长为280 nm.对照品在0.038 6～0.617 0 μg/mL的浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系(R2=0.998 5),黄芩苷加样平均回收率为 98.61%,RSD为 2.64%.该方法简便、准确、快速,适合于小柴胡散的质量控制检测. 相似文献
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为了建立同时测定中兽药茵栀解毒颗粒中绿原酸、栀子苷和黄芩苷的方法，研究采用高效液相色谱法，选用C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm),乙腈和0.05%磷酸溶液为流动相，流速1.0 mL/min,进样量10μL,柱温为30℃,检测波长为230 nm。结果表明，栀子苷在3.110～155.5μg/mL、黄芩苷在1.897～94.86μg/mL、绿原酸在2.478～123.9μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好，相关系数均大于0.999,平均加样回收率分别为97.1%、96.2%和95.3%。该试验操作简便、快捷、定性、定量准确，能满足中兽药茵栀解毒颗粒中3种有效成分同时检测的需要。 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献
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Bazin H 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2003,26(5-6):293-308
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing. 相似文献