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不同氮水平下杂交油菜的矿质营养研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
１９９４年和１９９５年在田间不同施氮水平条件下,对杂交油菜品种黄杂１号和秦油２号氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、铁、锌和锰的吸收、积累和分布进行了研究。结果指出,不同施氮水平条件下随生育期进展植株氮、磷、钾浓度的变化均表现为由高到低趋势。不同生育期植株氮、钾浓度和生育前期的植株磷浓度随施氮量的增加而增加,生育后期的植株磷浓度却随施氮量的增加表现为降低趋势。在生育后期植株各器官的氮、磷养份向籽粒的迁移性较强,而钾的迁移性则相对稳定。钙在果壳的浓度最高,在主茎和果中所占的比例最大,而在种子中的浓度和所占比例最小。铁在根系中的浓度和所占比例最大,而种子的浓度和所占比例最小;镁、锌和锰均是在种子中的浓度和所占比例最大。 相似文献
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磷素水平对不同大豆品种钾素吸收效率的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
通过原子吸收分光光度计法研究了施磷量对不同大豆品种各器官及全株吸收钾素营养的影响,结果表明:施磷量对不同大豆品种植株及各器官钾素含量有较大影响.不同品种不同处理全株及各器官钾素含量从分枝期逐渐增加,开花期达到高峰,随后下降至成熟期;同一品种不同处理间钾素含量三个品种都是P10处理全株及各器官钾素含量最高,整个生育期高磷或不施磷都会影响钾素含量,只有适宜的施磷才能促进钾素含量达到最高峰.同一处理不同品种全株及各器官钾素含量在品种间没有明显的变化规律. 相似文献
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通过大田试验研究不同施肥水平下青蒿氮、磷、钾的吸收、累积与分配规律。选用当地主栽青蒿品种渝青 1 号为材料,设置高肥、中肥和低肥 3 个施肥水平。于苗期、分枝初期、分枝盛期及蕾期采集植株样本,分为根、茎、 枝和叶 4 部分,测定氮、磷、钾含量,计算青蒿主要生育期植株养分吸收、累积和分配情况。结果表明：青蒿对钾肥 的需求量最多,氮肥次之,磷肥最少。高肥和中肥处理整个生育期氮在不同器官中的含量为叶>枝>根>茎。低肥处理整 个生育期氮在不同器官中的含量为叶>枝>茎>根。高肥、中肥和低肥 3 个处理整个生育期磷在不同器官中的含量均为叶 >枝>茎>根。苗期和蕾期生长阶段高肥、中肥和低肥 3 个处理钾在不同器官中的含量均为叶>枝>茎>根,分枝初期和分 枝盛期生长阶段 3 个施肥处理钾在不同器官中的含量均为枝>叶>茎>根。不同施肥处理对养分积累趋势影响不大,但可 显著影响各器官在不同生育时期的养分积累量及分配比例。养分累积吸收量在生育前期较少,生育中后期急剧增加。 养分累积量以钾最多,氮次之,磷最少。青蒿中氮磷钾的吸收、累积与分配规律在不同施肥水平下存在差异,生产中 应根据土壤肥力和产量目标,采取合理施肥措施,达到经济施肥的目的。 相似文献
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为探索不同施肥量下2个杂交水稻植株氮、磷、钾的吸收积累特性,采用田间小区试验研究了两个杂交稻品种抽穗期和成熟期的植株氮、磷、钾吸收积累。结果表明,2个杂交水稻品种在不同施肥水平下,抽穗期和成熟期茎＋叶鞘、叶、穗各器官内的氮、磷、钾的含量无显著差异;抽穗期,叶的氮含量最高,茎＋叶鞘的磷、钾含量最高;成熟期,叶的氮含量、茎＋叶鞘的磷含量、穗的钾含量均下降。抽穗期,氮、钾吸收量及干物质量红泰优996高于粤优589,磷吸收量粤优589高于红泰优996;成熟期,氮、钾吸收量及干物质量粤优589高于红泰优996,磷吸收量2品种差异不明显。2个杂交水稻品种地上部植株对氮、磷、钾积累量比例的变幅范围均在高产水稻积累变幅范围内。 相似文献
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马铃薯不同品种氮、磷、钾与硫素吸收规律的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以紫花白、夏波蒂、底西瑞为材料,采用田间试验与室内分析测定相结合的方法,对马铃薯不同品种氮、磷、钾、硫素的吸收、分配规律进行了系统的研究,结果表明:①在整个生育进程中马铃薯植株中氮、钾积累量表现为"M"型变化趋势,磷、硫积累量则表现为单峰曲线的变化趋势。②紫花白品种氮硫比随生育进程的推进呈"高-低-高-低"的变化趋势,底西瑞和夏波蒂品种的氮硫比随生育进程的推进呈波状变化,但两品种波峰和波谷出现的时期及次数均不同;紫花白和夏波蒂磷硫比的变化趋势相同,均为波状曲线变化,最大值分别出现在出苗后75d和95d,比值分别为4.60和4.09,底西瑞的磷硫比表现为"高-低-高-低"的变化趋势,出苗后95d时达到一生中的最大值6.34;3品种整个生育期间的钾硫比变化均表现出波状的变化趋势,波峰和波谷出现的次数和时期各不相同。③马铃薯氮、磷、钾素的积累与硫素积累之间存在着极显著的幂函数关系,即马铃薯氮、磷、钾素的积累量随硫素积累量的增加而呈幂函数增加。 相似文献
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钾水平对巴西橡胶树幼苗生长及体内N、P、K养分吸收利用的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用水培试验技术,研究不同钾水平(K2O浓度0、1、10、50、250mg/L)对巴西橡胶树RRIM600种子实生幼苗生长及体内氮、磷、钾养分吸收和利用的影响。结果表明:在0～250mg/LK2O范围内,巴西橡胶树实生幼苗株高、根长、茎粗及各器官生物量等均随钾处理浓度的升高而增加;不同钾水平处理,巴西橡胶树幼苗各器官氮含量、氮利用效率不随钾浓度的升高而呈现规律的变化,但氮积累效率则随钾水平的升高而增加;施钾降低了巴西橡胶树幼苗各器官磷含量,而提高了不同器官磷积累效率和利用效率,但各器官磷含量、磷积累量、磷利用效率均不随钾处理浓度的升高而呈现规律性的变化;橡胶树幼苗根、茎、叶各器官钾含量、钾积累量随钾处理浓度的升高而升高、钾利用效率则随钾处理浓度的提高而降低。差异显著性检验结果表明,除在根中0、1mg/LK2O处理钾利用效率差异不显著外,在根中其他处理间及在茎、叶中各处理间钾利用效率达差异极显著水平,钾利用效率更能体现不同钾浓度处理间的差异。 相似文献
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施氮对油菜硫、硼、钼和硒营养的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了不同氮水平与杂交油菜收获期植株各器官硫、硼、钼和硒等元素含量和积累的关系。植株各器官（种子除外）的硫以及种子和主茎中的硼含量随施氮量的增加呈先升后降的趋势，但植株各器官的钼、硒和种子的硫以及其余各器官的硼含量随施氮量的增加有所下降。种子和主茎的硫以及果壳的钼、硼和硒的含量及积累量较高。 相似文献
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东北和西北春玉米氮磷钾养分吸收、积累特点比较 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
通过东北(吉林公主岭,JL-GZL)和西北(新疆伊犁71团,XJ-71)两个生态条件差异明显的大田试验,比较不同生态区春玉米植株养分吸收、积累差异。研究表明,西北试点的春玉米子粒产量、干物质积累量、氮磷钾等养分积累量均高于东北试点,其中,子粒产量、干物质积累量达极显著水平,叶片、茎秆、子粒氮、磷、钾养分积累量均达显著水平。东北春玉米叶片、茎秆氮含量较西北春玉米高,叶片、茎秆磷含量无显著差异,叶片、茎秆钾含量在整个生育期低于西北春玉米。西北春玉米每吸收1 kg氮所产生的子粒、干物质分别较东北春玉米高7.75%、7.11%,每吸收1 kg钾所产生的子粒、干物质分别较东北春玉米低9.12%、9.71%,每吸收1 kg磷所产生的子粒、干物质两个生态区无显著差异。氮磷钾收获指数与养分利用效率的变化趋势相同,西北试点氮收获指数高于东北试点,钾收获指数低于东北试点,磷收获指数无显著差异。 相似文献
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云南红壤上蓖麻干物质积累 和N、P、K吸收规律研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
选用蓖麻品种TCO - 202为试验材料,测定苗期、现蕾期、开花期、灌浆期、成熟期根、茎、叶、花序各器官 的干物质积累和氮(N) 、磷( P) 、钾(K)吸肥量。结果表明,干物质积累速率从出苗到灌浆呈上升趋势,到灌浆期达 最大值,灌浆期以后上升速度开始减慢。各个时期干物质积累量大小依次为:开花至灌浆期>苗期至现蕾期>灌 浆期至成熟期>现蕾期至开花期>苗期;蓖麻氮、磷、钾的吸收量在整个生育期遵从“慢—快—慢—快—慢”的规 律,吸收速率呈现双驼峰型, 2个吸肥速率高峰出现在现蕾期和灌浆期;在云南红壤上蓖麻每生产100kg籽粒需氮 (N) 7. 71kg,磷( P) 1. 26kg,钾(K) 4. 42kg,吸肥比例为1∶0. 16∶0. 57。 相似文献
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Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
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Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from
the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch
were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics
investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules. 相似文献
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种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
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ZHU Mingdong WEI Xiangjin XIE Hongjun TANG Guohua ZENG Xiaoshan WANG Jianlong HU Peisong YU Yinghong 《中国水稻科学》2019,33(5):401-406
Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):313-324
Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer. 相似文献
16.
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
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通过比较分析芸薹属多倍体复合种与其祖先二倍体基本种在花柱、柱头大小、角果长度、宽度、种子直径 及种子干重变化上的异同,发现多倍体复合种在这些发育性状上表现出处于两个祖先二倍体亲本之间,或只偏向 于其中一个祖先亲本。同一个多倍体品种在不同发育性状上具有不同的表现,即在某一发育性状上偏向于其祖先 亲本之一,而在另一发育性状上偏向其另一祖先亲本。 相似文献
18.
Effects of crop density and tillage system on grain yield and N uptake from soil and atmosphere of sole and intercropped pea and oat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) were grown as sole and mixed crops in various densities under two different tillage systems on a loess soil near Göttingen/Germany in a 2-year field experiment (2002/2003). In the conventional tillage system a mouldboard plough (CT) was used and in the minimum tillage system a rotary harrow (MT) was employed. The effect of crop density and tillage system on the grain dry matter and grain N yields, N2 fixation and soil N uptake were determined to address the following questions: (i) which mixture compositions exhibit the highest grain yields compared to the sole crops, (ii) which mixture compositions also fix a high level of N2 and leave low levels of residual inorganic soil N after harvest, and (iii) whether the intercrop advantage is influenced by the tillage system. For (i) the result in 2002 showed that the highest grain yields of both sole cropped pea and oat and intercropped pea and oat were achieved at the highest densities. In 2003, when the inorganic soil N content was higher and weather conditions were warmer and drier, grain yields were significantly higher than in 2002, but sole as well as intercropped pea and oat gave their highest grain yields at lower densities. For both years and tillage systems, the highest intercrop advantages were achieved in mixtures with densities above the optimal sole crop densities. The result for (ii) was that a distinctly higher proportion of nitrogen was derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) by intercropped pea than by sole cropped pea. However, the uptake of soil N by intercropped pea and oat was not reduced in comparison with that of sole cropped oat as the decrease in the uptake of N from the soil by oat at lower oat densities in the mixture was compensated for by the soil N uptake of pea. Additionally, the Nmin-N content of the soil following the mixtures and sole cropped oat did not differ, especially in the deeper soil layers because oat in mixture was forced to take up more soil N from deeper layers. Therefore, the risk of soil N losses through leaching after mixtures was lower compared to sole cropped pea. The tillage system (iii) had no significant influence on grain yield and soil N uptake, but N2 fixation and the competitive ability of intercropped pea were higher under CT than with MT. An additional result was that intercropping led to a significantly increased grain N content of both pea and oat compared to the sole crops. The increase in grain N content from sole to intercrop was from 3.30 to 3.42% for pea and from 1.73 to 1.96% for oat as a mean for both years and tillage systems. The present study confirms that growing pea and oat as intercrops highlights potential economic and environmental benefits which still need to be understood in more detail in order to exploit intercropping to a greater extent. 相似文献
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20.
Combined nitrogen and sulphur fertilisation and its effect on wheat quality and protein composition measured by SE-FPLC and proteomics 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
N.E.S. Flte K. Hollung L. Ruud T. Sogn E.M. Frgestad H.J. Skarpeid E.M. Magnus A.K. Uhlen 《Journal of Cereal Science》2005,41(3):357-369
Soil sulphur deficiency, which is increasingly prevalent in Western Europe, lowers wheat yields, and also affects the gluten quality of the flour. Differences in S availability may change the proportion of S-poor to S-rich gliadins and glutenin subunits. This may cause unpredictable and unwanted variations in wheat quality. The combined effects of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) fertilisers and split application of S and N on wheat gluten quality and composition were investigated. The results revealed effects of S fertilisation on dough quality. At high N fertilisation levels significant responses to S fertilisation were found which emphasised the need for precision application of S in intensive wheat production systems. Protein fractionation by SE-FPLC showed that quality differences were associated with changing proportions of high Mr polymeric proteins. Changes in protein composition of salt soluble proteins were also confirmed by proteomics. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and one of the serpin protein spots increased at high N, combined with the lower S level. The enzymes also increased in samples with increased S fertilisation combined with low N, but was not changed at higher N levels. Furthermore, at high N the serpin protein spot, and also a 27 K protein and one unidentified protein spot decreased with increasing S. 相似文献