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犏牛补饲维生素E的试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对多元杂交不同组合犏母牛补饲维生素E,结果表明：通过补饲维生素E后,西黄牦犏牛子宫内膜炎的发病率比对照组降低20％,荷黄牦犏牛的比对照组降低30％,西黄牦犏牛和荷黄牦犏牛乳房炎的发病率均比对照组降低30％。给犏母牛补饲维生索E能显著提高犊牛初生重和犊牛产后成活率,对母牛产奶量影响不明显。 相似文献
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妊娠后期放牧藏羊补饲试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在青海省三角城种羊场对妊娠后期放牧藏羊进行了补饲试验,结果显示:补饲颗粒料组的藏羊繁殖成活率比对照组提高3.78%,羔羊死亡率比对照组减少2.37%,差异显著(P<0.05).平均毛长比对照组长6.01 cm,公羔和母羔出生重分别比对照组高0.56kg、0.44kg,羔羊细毛、两型毛和总毛量比对照组分别多328.3根、327.4根和628.8根.差异均极显著(P<0.01).说明放牧藏羊妊娠后期补饲颗粒料对母羊繁殖性能、羊毛生长、羔羊出生重有显著效果.补饲舔砖组的藏羊平均毛长比对照组长4.06cm,差异极显著(P<0.01),公、母羔出生体重分别比对照组高出0.06kg、0.3kg.母羔出生体重,差异显著(P<0.05).由于补饲舔砖组部分羊只出现腹泻对试验结果有一定影响. 相似文献
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繁殖母牛围产期补饲对犊牛初生重和体尺指标的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为研究繁殖母牛妊娠后期额外补饲对犊牛初生重和体尺的影响,本试验选择45头西门塔尔牛×西杂黄牛的杂交成年母牛,根据配种时间、杂交代数将母牛分为2组,其中一组为对照组,按农户的传统方法饲养;一组为试验组,传统饲养方法并额外补饲,产前30 d和产后额外每天补饲500g配合精料,分别测定产后犊牛的初生重和60日龄的体重。结果表明:试验组和对照组的犊牛初生重分别为46.2、1.5 kg,体高为75.6、71.8 cm,犊牛60日龄的体重为111.9、104.6 kg。试验组犊牛初生重、初生体高、60日龄体重、60日龄体高明显高于对照组(P<0.05),但两组间犊牛60 d内的日增重没有差异(P>0.05)。表明在营养状况较差时,妊娠母牛后期和哺乳母牛补饲明显提高犊牛初生重和60日龄的体重。 相似文献
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对约半岁的基本不挤母奶的牦犊牛于1月25日提前断奶,进行为期4个月的简单而少量的青稞料补饲,从1月25日～3月25日,由于适应新环境,每月比未补饲组牛多失重2.42 kg,但从3月25日～5月25日,补饲组牛比未补饲组牛每月多增重7.3 kg,补饲效果十分明显;从5月25日～7月25日,停止补饲后的原补饲组牛日增重为414.43 kg,比未补饲组牛日增重高出61.8 g;补饲组牛在补饲期的体高性状平均增高3.88 cm,而未补饲组牛则下降-2.64 cm.未断奶补饲的牦牛犊,从1月25日～7月25日,每两个月体重变化情况分别为-0.95 kg、-0.59 kg和25.28 kg. 相似文献
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【目的】探讨不同犊牛培育方式对犊牛生长发育性能的影响。【方法】根据2018—2021年的犊牛培育方法及生长发育性能,以西门塔尔牛为研究对象比较四组的培育效果,试验Ⅰ组采用带犊母牛白天放牧,其余时间随母哺乳;试验Ⅱ组采用白天放牧+早补饲,其余时间随母哺乳;试验Ⅲ组(传统组)采用带犊母牛全天舍饲,犊牛全天自由哺乳;试验Ⅳ组采用母牛舍饲,定时自然哺乳方式(按月龄限制哺乳次数)和犊牛岛内补饲。补饲组采用犊牛7日龄开始补饲,然后比较各组间0—4月龄(4月龄断奶)、4—6月龄犊牛的生长发育性能。【结果】结果表明：西门塔尔牛公、母犊初生重分别为45 kg和41 kg,四种培育方式对犊牛初生重影响不大;而试验Ⅳ组采用母牛舍饲,定时哺乳方式提高犊牛日增重明显,生长发育性能表现最好,料重比最低,4月龄断奶和6月龄体重都最高,公、母犊体重分别达217.19±52.27 kg和191.50±14.62 kg、296.11±26.51 kg和259.11±24.92 kg。3—4月龄采取过渡性断奶,定时哺乳和犊牛岛内补饲可提高犊牛成活率,减少断奶应激,促进犊牛生长发育,提高了种牛的供种水平。【结论】母牛舍饲,分... 相似文献
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试验旨在研究不同饲养方式对牦犊牛生长性能的影响.选取刚出生的甘南犊牦牛45头,按试验要求随机分为3组,每组设3个重复,每个重复5头,分别采用6月龄断奶补饲(试验Ⅰ组)、全哺乳(试验Ⅱ组)和半哺乳(对照组即传统饲养方式)3种饲养方式,均采用自由放牧,饲养时间为18个月.结果表明,早期断奶补饲会明显增加犊牦牛的体重,在18月龄时,3组犊牛体重差异极显著(P<0.01);体斜长、体高、胸围变化上差异显著(P<0.05);在管围变化上,两试验组之间差异不显著(P>0.05),试验组与对照组之间差异显著(P<0.05).结果提示,对牦犊牛采用适时断奶补饲方式优于全哺乳和传统饲养方式;在冷季,对甘南犊牦牛的短期育肥应集中在5～7个月. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲粮粗蛋白质(CP)水平对中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶性能、氮利用及血液激素的影响.采用重复4×4拉丁方设计,8头经产中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分为4个处理.4个处理的饲粮CP水平分别为12.56％、13.96％、15.53％和16.93％.试验分为4个周期,每个周期18 d.在4d收集期内,全量收集粪、尿,每天测量产奶量、乳成分和干物质摄入量(DMI),并在收集期最后1d采集血样.结果表明:4个饲粮处理的DMI基本相同(P＞0.05);饲粮CP水平12.56％的产奶量和能量校正奶(ECM)明显低于饲粮CP水平13.96％至16.93％ (P ＜0.05),饲粮CP水平13.96％至16.93％的产奶量和ECM基本相同,其中饲粮CP水平13.96％和16.93％的产奶量分别为28.18和28.72 kg/d,ECM分别为32.64和32.04 kg/d;乳成分中仅乳蛋白率随着饲粮CP水平增加而提高(P＜0.05);饲粮CP水平12.56％和13.96％的乳氮效率明显高于饲粮CP水平15.53％和16.93％(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);随着饲粮CP水平的提高,尿氮排出量不断增加,乳氮排出量也缓慢上涨,体内氮沉积显著增加(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),只有饲粮CP水平16.93％的粪氮排出量明显增加(P＜0.05);饲粮CP水平12.56％的血液瘦素浓度最高(P＜0.05),催乳素(PRL)、生长激素(GH)、胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)、血糖、非酯化脂肪酸( NEFA)和β-羟丁酸(BHBA)浓度较高;而饲粮CP水平16.93％的血浆尿素氮(PUN)浓度最高(P＜0.01),胰岛素和GH浓度较高,IGF-1浓度较低.由此可见,饲粮CP水平13.96％适合中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶量28 kg/d或ECM 32 kg/d的泌乳性能、氮利用和内分泌调节. 相似文献
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Japertiene R Juozaitiene V Kriauziene J Rudejeviene J Japertas S 《Polish journal of veterinary sciences》2007,10(4):255-261
The investigation was conducted during 2005-2006 on 4010 dairy cows. Having performed statistical data analysis, we determined that the lowest somatic cell count (SCC) in Red and Red-White cow population was obtained when the milking time was 5-6 min., milking speed was higher than 1.5 kg/min., high milk flow was from 2.51 to 4 kg/min., and in Black-White cow population having a milking time was higher than 7 min., milking speed was from 1.01 to 2 kg/min., a high milk flow --from 2.01 to 4 kg/min. (p<0.001). In Red and Red-White cow population with subclinical mastitis, milking time was longer and milking speed was slower than in healthy cows. High milk flow values were least in healthy Black-White cow population. This determines a more equal milk flow which is desired in milking cows mechanically. Most sensitive to udder infection are 1st lactation cows which have a higher milk flow. A larger phenotype correlation coefficient in Red and Red-White cow population was between the SCC and milking time (-0.089, p<0.01) and between high milk flow (0.086, p<0.01) and milk yield (-0.071, p<0.05). However in Black-White cow population, correlation was found between SCC and milk yield (-0.117, p<0.01) and milking speed (-0.110, p<0.01). Contagious mastitis pathogens were identified in Red and Red-White cow milk samples primarily from productive cows having a milking speed of 1.01-1.5 kg/min., and in Black-White cow population having a milking speed of 1.51-2.0 kg/min. 相似文献
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Abdelsamei AH Fox DG Tedeschi LO Thonney ML Ketchen DJ Stouffer JR 《Journal of animal science》2005,83(4):940-947
Thirty-nine Holstein steer calves were assigned to one of five treatments at birth and individually fed for 200 d with milk replacer reconstituted to equal the fat and protein concentration of beef cow milk. Treatment levels were the quantities of reconstituted milk fed per day based on lactation curves, which were based on peak milk levels (PML) of 2.72, 5.44, 8.16, 10.88, and 13.6 kg/d, respectively. In addition to reconstituted milk, chopped alfalfa hay was offered ad libitum to allow for maximal voluntary forage consumption. All calves were fed a high-energy diet postweaning until they reached a similar degree of fatness in the 12th rib (4 to 5% chemical fat) as determined by ultrasound. There were differences (P < 0.05) among groups in weaning weight, preweaning ADG, age, and weight at slaughter. During the preweaning phase, there was a linear relationship (P < 0.01) for daily milk and forage DE intake; however, DE intake per unit of BW did not differ across treatments (P = 0.06). Increasing PML resulted in a linear (P < 0.01) decrease in alfalfa hay intake in the preweaning phase, and G:F increased quadratically (P < 0.01). During the postweaning phase, preweaning milk intake had no meaningful effect on postweaning ADG, but overall ADG had a linear relationship (P < 0.01) with preweaning milk level. There was no effect of PML on the 12th-rib lipid percent, marbling score, or quality grade, but protein and fat concentration in the carcass and empty BW increased linearly (P < 0.01) with PML. The group fed at 2.72 kg/d PML was 58 kg lighter (P = 0.03) and required 34 d more (P < 0.01) to reach the predetermined degree of fatness at slaughter than the group fed at 13.6 kg/d PML, suggesting that increased milk production by the dam can decrease the number of days to the slaughter weight at which a similar rib lipid concentration is reached. 相似文献
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能量和蛋白水平对崇仁麻鸡生产性能的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
崇仁麻鸡360只(公母各半)随机分成三组,分别饲喂高、中、低三种能量和蛋白质水平的日粮;高ME 13.39MJ/kg(前期CP 22%,中期CP 19%,后期CP 18%)、中ME 12.55MJ/Kg(前期CP 20%,中期CP 18%,后期CP 17%)、低ME 12.13J/Kg(前期CP 18%,中期CP 17%,后期CP16%).结果表明不同营养水平对10,20,30,40,50,60日龄的崇仁麻鸡体重有显著的影响;对1～10,21～30,31～40,41～50,61～70日龄间的日增重影响差异显著;以中等营养水平组的饲料报酬最优.营养水平对20日龄的脂肪含量和30,40,50,60,70,75日龄的水分、脂肪含量有显著的影响. 相似文献
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西黄杂种公牛与牦牛杂交试验研究报告 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对牦牛三元杂交又一个组合(西×黄)♂×牦牛♀的研究结果表明,含1/2西门塔尔牛血缘的西黄杂种公牛从 半农半牧区引进川西北高寒牧区有良好的适应性,与牦牛自然交配,繁殖成活率达43.85％,比用"冻配"技术生产犏牛 提高20.15个百分点。繁殖的F1代犏牛杂种优势明显,初生重大,公、母分别为(21.74±2.49)kg、(20.83±3.62)kg,相 应比牦牛高8.24 kg和7.58 kg(p<0.01);生长发育快,2.5岁时,公、母体重分别为(326.75±13.61)kg、(321.29±13.35)kg, 比同龄牦牛相应重142.45 kg和165.43 kg(p<0.01),杂种优势率高达40.42％;母犏牛2~3岁可初配,比母牦牛提前1-2岁 投入生产,第一胎挤奶量(704.55±30.69)kg,为同胎次母牦牛的2.83倍(p<0.01)。建议在牦牛改良中推广(西×黄) ♂×牦牛♀和(黑×黄)♂×牦牛♀两个牦牛三元杂交组合。 相似文献
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《Livestock Production Science》2003,79(2-3):193-212
This study examined the effect of lablab hay supplementation of crossbred cows fed forages from cereal+forage legume intercropping (maize–lablab (ML) stover or oats–vetch (OV) hay) basal diets on feed intake, apparent digestibility, milk yield and milk composition of crossbred cows. Forty eight multiparous (parity 2–4) cows approximately 60 days prepartum and mean live weight 445 S.D.±57 kg at the beginning of the experiment were used in the study. The experiment lasted 200 days each cow, covering 60 days prepartum and 140 days postpartum. Lablab hay supplementation significantly (P<0.05) increased total DM intake and DM digestibility as compared with the unsupplemented diets but there was no significant (P>0.05) difference in total DM intake among the supplemented cows. Cows fed ML stover or OV hay supplemented with lablab hay had improved rumen environment as reflected in the rates of DM, OM, N and NDF degradation greater than 0.03 (i.e. 3%) per h. The degradation parameters; a, b, c and the effective degradability (ED) were higher (P<0.001) for lablab hay supplemented diets than for ML stover or OV hay basal forages fed alone. ML stover fed alone resulted into significantly (P<0.001) higher Ca, P, and Mg intake than OV hay fed alone while K intake was significantly (P<0.05) higher with OV hay. Increasing levels of lablab hay supplementation significantly (P<0.001) increased Ca, P and Mg intakes but did not significantly (P>0.05) affect K intake in both ML stover and OV hay diets. OV hay and ML stover basal forages fed to unsupplemented crossbred cows resulted into average milk yields of 6.82 and 8.25 kg/cow per day, respectively, over a lactation period of 140 days after calving. Supplementation with lablab hay significantly (P<0.001) increased milk yield of crossbred cows fed OV hay but for ML stover based diets, supplementation was only significant (P<0.05) at the lowest level (0.4% BW) of lablab offer. For ML stover based treatments, the highest daily milk yield (9.5 kg/head) was obtained at 0.4% of body weight (BW) lablab hay supplementation, while for OV hay treatments, the highest milk yield of 9.7 kg/head was obtained at 1.2% BW lablab hay supplementation. Mean concentrations of milk fat, protein and total solids were similar for both ML stover and OV hay diets fed alone but lablab hay supplementation did not significantly affect the concentration of milk components of cows fed both forages. It was concluded that for optimum milk production from crossbred cows fed ML stover and OV hay basal diets, supplementation should be at 0.52 and 0.85% of BW level of lablab hay, respectively. The lack of response to higher levels of lablab hay supplement despite the increased protein intake was interpreted as resulting from a deficit of dietary energy. 相似文献
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Parola R Macchi E Fracchia D Sabbioni A Avanzi D Motta M Accornero P Baratta M 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2007,91(5-6):240-246
Leptin gene is expressed in the mammary tissue and the expression of both leptin and its receptor changes significantly during pregnancy and lactation, with high levels during the first half of pregnancy and a decrease at delivery. The aim of this work was to investigate into leptin concentration in plasma and in milk during pregnancy and the first week after parturition in dairy cow and to analyze the correlation between leptin and beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) concentrations in plasma and in milk. The trial was conducted on six Holstein dairy cows, reared in the same environmental conditions and evaluated with similar body condition score, during the complete reproductive cycle from insemination to the delivery. Blood from the jugular vein and milk samples were collected at weekly intervals. Plasma leptin concentration showed a lower level (p < 0.05) at the beginning of pregnancy. Milk leptin concentration showed a higher level (p < 0.01) than plasma level from week 23 to week 29 of pregnancy. Plasma beta-LG concentrations were higher (p < 0.01) compared to plasma concentrations during the first part of pregnancy, then milk levels rise and become higher than plasma levels during the last weeks before dry period. A positive correlation (p < 0.01) was observed between leptin and beta-LG both in plasma and in milk profiles. 相似文献
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饲养管理方式对甘南牦牛繁殖力及杂交后代影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的]为了研究加强种公牛和母牦牛的饲养管理对母牦牛的繁殖效果和杂交后代生长发育的影响.[方法]本试验用大通牦牛和其冻精杂交甘南牦牛,通过对试验组的种公牛、母牦牛和杂交后代进行补饲、延长放牧时间和提前断奶等措施,研究了203头母牦牛的繁殖效果和其杂交后代的生长发育情况.[结果]表明,自然交配试验组发情率、受胎率、繁殖成活率分别比对照组提高9.19%、11.03%、14.10%,流产率和犊牛死亡率降低3.3%、3.87%;人工授精组发情率、受胎率、繁殖成活率分别提高6.74%、5.48%、10.52%,流产率和犊牛死亡率降低4.07%、4.62%.加强母牦牛的饲养管理,所产犊牛的初生重比传统饲养管理条件下母牦牛所产的犊牛初生重公母分别增加2.92 kg和2.07 kg,提高19.80%和14.22%.6月龄体重分别增加12.82 kg和12.23 kg,提高17.45%和16.88%.[结论] 用大通牦牛改良甘南牦牛,采用人工授精和自然交配都有良好的效果,加强种公牛、母牦牛饲养管理是提高牛群繁殖力的有效方法,对后代生长发育影响明显. 相似文献
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Granzin BC 《Tropical animal health and production》2006,38(2):141-150
An experiment (108 days) was conducted to examine effects of cooling and forage supplementation on the performance of grass-fed,
early lactation Holstein cows in a coastal, subtropical environment during summer. When the temperature–humidity index (THI)
between 09:00 and 14:00 was < 72, cows grazed pastures containing shade. When THI reached 72 during this time, the following
treatments were imposed: pasture (P), cows remained in paddocks; feedpad (FP), cows were moved to a shaded feedpad with sprinklers;
feedpad plus hay (FPH), as for FP and fed 3 kg dry matter/cow per day of lucerne hay. When intervention occurred (55 days),
average THI (09:00–15:00) was 78 ± 0.6; mean cow rectal temperatures for FP and FPH were lower than for P (−1.0∘C and −0.9∘C, respectively); respective daily yields of milk and protein per cow were higher (p < 0.06) for FPH (22.7 L; 666 g) than for FP (21.1 L; 609 g) and P (20.9 L; 600 g). It was concluded that the energy intake
of Holstein cows in this environment is a greater limitation to milk production than intermediate heat loads. Supplementation
with lucerne hay during these conditions will increase milk yield. Using sprinklers in addition to shade will improve cow
comfort, but will not necessarily improve milk yield. 相似文献