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《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2021,(8)
口蹄疫是由口蹄疫病毒引起的主要危害猪、牛、羊等偶蹄动物的一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病。该病易感动物多,传播速度快,流行范围广,给世界造成了巨大经济损失,并严重制约着国内外养殖业健康发展。本文从传统疫苗、生物技术疫苗2方面对口蹄疫疫苗的类型及国内外的研究进展进行了综述,以期为口蹄疫的防控和疫苗研发提供参考。 相似文献
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口蹄疫是由口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)感染所引起的偶蹄动物共患的急性、热性、接触性传染病。其控制措施主要是疫苗免疫,在所有易感动物中使用灭活病毒作为免疫原构成了控制及消除本病的基础。传统疫苗在该病的防控中起了重要的作用。基因工程疫苗以安全性高、生产成本低、可制备同一病毒多个成分或多价病毒疫苗等优点,成为FMD疫苗研究的焦点。自20世纪80年代开始,包括基因工程亚单位疫苗、合成肽疫苗、蛋白质载体疫苗、基因缺失疫苗、活载体疫苗、核酸疫苗等研究日趋活跃。本文将口蹄疫传统疫苗与几种新型疫苗进行比较,从研究概况、生产技术要点、疫苗特点及需要改进的问题几方面阐述了新型口蹄疫疫苗的研究进展。 相似文献
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牛亚洲Ⅰ型口蹄疫免疫程序试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
口蹄疫是由口蹄疫病毒引起的各种偶蹄动物均易感的高度传染性动物疫病，国际动物卫生组织（OIE）将其列为A类动物疫病。口蹄疫有7个血清型：A型、O型、C型、亚洲Ⅰ型、南非Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型，2005年，国内江苏首次发生牛亚洲Ⅰ型口蹄疫。为了防止牛亚洲Ⅰ型口蹄疫疫情扩散，对易感动物紧急实施疫苗接种是必要的。但是，国内目前没有亚洲Ⅰ型口蹄疫的免疫程序，为了及时通过科学试验研究出适合在基层推广应用的亚洲Ⅰ型口蹄疫疫苗免疫程序，我们开展了大量试验研究，报告如下。 相似文献
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口蹄疫是由口蹄疫病毒感染猪、牛、羊等偶蹄动物的一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病。本病的流行非常广泛,一旦感染,将会给畜禽养殖业造成极大的经济损失,甚至是灭顶之灾,后果严重。目前,有效的防制措施就是用口蹄疫疫苗对猪、牛、羊等易感动物进行免疫接种。动物经接种后所产生的免疫抗体水平的高低,直接关系到能否对动物进行保护的效果,这只能通过抗体水平的检测来判断。口蹄疫的液相阻断ELISA检测技术,是一种成熟的检测技术,是当前国际上认可的一种标准化的检测诊断技术,也是国际贸易中检测口蹄疫的主要手段。 相似文献
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犬的疫苗与接种问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
郭淑萍 《广东畜牧兽医科技》2009,34(4):44-44,48
免疫接种是指应用疫苗、菌苗、类毒苗、免疫血清等生物制剂，激发动物机体产生特异性抵抗力，使易感动物转化为非易感动物。临床上根据接种时间不同，分为预防性接种和紧急性接种。在经常发生传染病的地区或受传染威胁的地区，平时有计划地给健康动物免疫接种，或在动物输入输出时的计划外免疫接种，称为预防性接种。在发生传染病时，为了迅速控制和扑灭疾病的流行，对疫区和受威胁区尚未发病的动物进行应急性免疫接种，称为紧急性接种。紧急接种的目的是建立免疫带，包围疫区，就地扑灭疫情。当前接种狂犬病疫苗是养犬法规规定的内容，既对犬只有益，也有利于人类健康。目前，国内大城市中的狂犬病发病率低，主要与给犬接种狂犬病疫苗有很大关系。下面结合工作实际，就犬疫苗接种的若干问题进行阐述： 相似文献
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唐彩琰 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2019,39(11)
口蹄疫是由口蹄疫病毒引起的偶蹄动物发生的一种急性、热性、高度接触性和可快速远距离传播的传染病。由于其易感动物种类多,传播速度快,传染性极强,引起的经济损失巨大,是目前国际公认的可对畜牧业造成严重危害的动物传染病,我国将其列为一类动物传染病的首位。目前我国对口蹄疫主要采取疫苗免疫与监测扑杀相结合的综合防控措施。由于口蹄疫病毒具有易感动物种类繁多、变异性极强、存在多个血清型(中国主要流行O型和A型)、免疫原性差、病毒感染性和致病力特别强等特点,其防控工作有不少难度。因此,市场需要更安全、更稳定和保护效果更好的产品。 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To review the evidence available on the degree and duration of immunity provided by Australian tick fever vaccines against Babesia bovis, B. bigemina and Anaplasma marginale infections in Australia and overseas. BACKGROUND: Vaccines containing attenuated strains of B bovis and B bigemina as well as A. centrale grown in splenectomised calves have been used in Australia since 1964 to immunise cattle against tick fever. About 800,000 doses of vaccine are supplied annually and much of the evidence for protection is field evidence rather than conventional immunological measures or pen trials. CONCLUSIONS: Immunity to Babesia bovis and B. bigemina--A single inoculation generally provides sound, long-lasting protection both in Australia and overseas. No evidence was found of a loss of immunity with time. Vaccine failures to B. bovis do occur, but are uncommon and evidently caused by a number of factors, including immune responsiveness of the vaccinated animals, and immunogenicity of the vaccine strain. Immunity to Anaplasma marginale--The vaccine containing A. centrale provides partial, variable protection against A. marginale. Protection against challenge in Australia is adequate in most cases to prevent disease and use of the vaccine in this country appears to be justified. Protection against antigenically diverse, highly virulent stocks of A. marginale in other countries is, at times, clearly inadequate and better vaccines are required in situations where the challenge is severe. 相似文献
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Kahn S Geale DW Kitching PR Bouffard A Allard DG Duncan JR 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2002,43(5):349-354
Vaccination of susceptible animals against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a well established strategy for helping to combat the disease. Traditionally, FMD vaccine has been used to control a disease incursion in countries where the disease has been endemic rather than in countries considered free of the disease. In 2001, the use of vaccine was considered but not implemented in the United Kingdom (1), whereas vaccine was used to help to control FMD in The Netherlands (2,3). Canadian contingency plans provide for the use of vaccine; Canada is a member of the North American Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Bank, which could supply vaccine if needed. This article explains why Canada might use FMD vaccine to combat an outbreak and the factors that are relevant to the disposal of vaccinated animals and their products. It concludes that vaccination is an important mechanism in Canada's preparedness for an outbreak of FMD and that products from vaccinated animals are safe for human consumption. 相似文献
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采用虎红平板凝集试验(RBPT)和试管凝集试验(SAT)对塔城市10个乡镇场社区27个村队巷1207份未免疫布病疫苗的牛血清进行监测,检出阳性65头,阳性率为5.4%。阳性牛分布在8个乡镇场社区的27个村队巷。出现布病疫情主要原因是,传染源没有彻底清除,市场交易频繁,大量外引牲畜未得到有效检疫,饲养者缺乏对布病知识的了解致使阳性畜不断增加,导致疫情扩散。采取检疫、净化与扑杀无害化处理相结合的方式,淘汰病畜,加强牲畜流通环节监管,加大宣传,以控制疫情蔓延。 相似文献
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牛结节性皮肤病可对病畜皮肤造成永久性损害，并会导致产奶量下降、生长发育迟缓、公畜不育和孕畜流产等严重后果，对经济生产具有重要影响。目前尚无治疗该病的特效药，使用安全有效的疫苗是防控该病传播的重要手段。牛结节性皮肤病弱毒活疫苗在许多国家已被成功用于该病的防控，除此之外，由于牛结节性皮肤病病毒与山羊痘病毒及绵羊痘病毒在基因组序列上的高度相似性，山羊痘病毒弱毒活疫苗和绵羊痘病毒弱毒活疫苗在许多地区也被用于该病的防控。牛结节性皮肤病病毒编码基因较多，目前尚未发现基因缺失疫苗和亚单位疫苗具有好的保护效果。近年来灭活疫苗在实验室研究中取得了较大进展，但仍需进一步大规模临床试验以证明其有效性。此外，牛结节性皮肤病病毒作为一种痘病毒，已被证明是表达多种病原微生物抗原的有效载体之一。笔者主要总结了当前牛结节性皮肤病疫苗的研究进展，对弱毒疫苗、灭活疫苗、基因缺失疫苗和亚单位疫苗的使用情况、保护效果及研究方向等方面进行了综述，以期为牛结节性皮肤病疫苗的研发和疫病的防控提供新的思路和见解。 相似文献
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Predisposition to invasive pneumococcal illness following parainfluenza type 3 virus infection in chimpanzees 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E E Jones P L Alford A L Reingold H Russell M E Keeling C V Broome 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1984,185(11):1351-1353
An outbreak of invasive disease, including pneumococcal bacteremia, meningitis, and pneumonia, involved 17 of 83 (20.5%) chimpanzees at a primate rehabilitation unit. Invasive disease was more common in splenectomized than in nonsplenectomized animals (42.9% vs 18.4%), but the difference was not statistically significant. The outbreak followed closely an outbreak of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) that occurred with equal frequency in splenectomized and nonsplenectomized chimpanzees. Those with URTI were 5.7 times as likely to develop invasive disease than those without URTI (P less than 0.005). Fourteen of 20 (70%) chimpanzees with recent URTI and serologically examined had a 4-fold or greater rise in titer to parainfluenza type 3 virus. The outbreak of invasive disease occurred despite the fact that most of the chimpanzees had been vaccinated with pneumococcal vaccine. Efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine could not be demonstrated among any segment of the chimpanzee population, and testing of sera from 23 vaccinated chimpanzees against 4 pneumococcal serotypes (3, 6, 8, and 14) failed to show a meaningful immune response. The findings demonstrated that viral URTI can predispose primates to invasive infections and suggested that pneumococcal vaccine is not protective in chimpanzees. 相似文献
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Vaughan K Del Crew J Hermanson G Wloch MK Riffenburgh RH Smith CR Van Bonn WG 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2007,120(3-4):260-266
The immunization of exotic species presents considerable challenges. Nevertheless, for facilities like zoos, animal parks, government facilities and non-profit conservation groups, the protection of valuable and endangered species from infectious disease is a growing concern. The rationale for immunization in these species parallels that for human and companion animals; to decrease the incidence of disease. The U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program, in collaboration with industry and academic partners, has developed and evaluated a DNA vaccine targeting a marine viral pathogen – dolphin morbillivirus (DMV). The DMV vaccine consists of the fusion (F) and hemagglutinin (H) genes of DMV. Vaccine constructs (pVR-DMV-F and pVR-DMV-H) were evaluated for expression in vitro and then for immunogenicity in mice. Injection protocols were designed for application in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) to balance vaccine effectiveness with clinical utility. Six dolphins were inoculated, four animals received both pDMV-F and pDMV-H and two animals received a mock vaccine (vector alone). All animals received an inoculation week 0, followed by two booster injections weeks 8 and 14. Vaccine-specific immune responses were documented in all four vaccinated animals. To our knowledge, this is the first report of pathogen-specific immunogenicity to a DNA vaccine in an aquatic mammal species. 相似文献
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F. Widén H. Everett S. Blome J. Fernandez Pinero Å. Uttenthal M. Cortey T. von Rosen M. Tignon L. Liu 《Research in veterinary science》2014
Classical swine fever is one of the most important infectious diseases for the pig industry worldwide due to its economic impact. Vaccination is an effective means to control disease, however within the EU its regular use is banned owing to the inability to differentiate infected and vaccinated animals, the so called DIVA principle. This inability complicates monitoring of disease and stops international trade thereby limiting use of the vaccine in many regions. The C-strain vaccine is safe to use and gives good protection. It is licensed for emergency vaccination in the EU in event of an outbreak. Two genetic assays that can distinguish between wild type virus and C-strain vaccines have recently been developed. Here the results from a comparison of these two real-time RT-PCR assays in an interlaboratory exercise are presented. Both assays showed similar performance. 相似文献
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A quadrivalent vaccine containing the killed antigens of respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus type 3, Mycoplasma dispar and M bovis, emulsified with an oil adjuvant, was tested for efficacy against naturally occurring calf respiratory disease. Three batches of beef cattle aged 12, seven and three weeks at the time of first vaccination were used. Within each batch of approximately 100 animals, half were vaccinated subcutaneously on three occasions, three weeks apart and half served as unvaccinated controls. Over the trial period, from November 1981 to May 1982, 27 per cent of the control calves were treated for respiratory disease compared with 16.3 per cent of the vaccinated animals. This reduction of non-fatal disease in the vaccinated animals represented a protection rate of almost 40 per cent and was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Mortality was also reduced from 3.4 per cent in the control calves to 1.9 per cent in the vaccinated animals but this difference was not statistically significant. During a major outbreak of disease associated with respiratory syncytial virus, the protection rate increased to 69 per cent (P less than 0.01). Furthermore, in the batch of cattle aged seven weeks at first vaccination there was significantly less pneumonic consolidation at death in the vaccinated animals than in the control animals (P less than 0.05). 相似文献
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Hui-Chen Guo Shi-Qi Sun Ye Jin Shun-Li Yang Yan-Quan Wei De-Hui Sun Shuang-Hui Yin Jun-Wu Ma Zai-Xin Liu Jian-Hong Guo Jian-Xun Luo Hong Yin Xiang-Tao Liu Ding Xiang Liu 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):48
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious infection in cloven-hoofed animals. The format of FMD virus-like particles (VLP) as a non-replicating particulate vaccine candidate is a promising alternative to conventional inactivated FMDV vaccines. In this study, we explored a prokaryotic system to express and assemble the FMD VLP and validated the potential of VLP as an FMDV vaccine candidate. VLP composed entirely of FMDV (Asia1/Jiangsu/China/2005) capsid proteins (VP0, VP1 and VP3) were simultaneously produced as SUMO fusion proteins by an improved SUMO fusion protein system in E. coli. Proteolytic removal of the SUMO moiety from the fusion proteins resulted in the assembly of VLP with size and shape resembling the authentic FMDV. Immunization of guinea pigs, swine and cattle with FMD VLP by intramuscular inoculation stimulated the FMDV-specific antibody response, neutralizing antibody response, T-cell proliferation response and secretion of cytokine IFN-γ. In addition, immunization with one dose of the VLP resulted in complete protection of these animals from homologous FMDV challenge. The 50% protection dose (PD50) of FMD VLP in cattle is up to 6.34. These results suggest that FMD VLP expressed in E. coli are an effective vaccine in guinea pigs, swine and cattle and support further development of these VLP as a vaccine candidate for protection against FMDV. 相似文献