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1.
为建立高效的棕色棉茎尖遗传转化体系,以陆地棉棕彩选1号为材料,采用农杆菌介导茎尖的遗传转化方法,以培养7 d的棕彩选1号幼苗茎尖为受体,设计正交试验对共培养时间、共培养温度、菌液OD600、侵染时间等条件进行优化;此外,还研究了受体茎尖的大小及真空渗透等因素对转化效率的影响,初步建立了棕色棉茎尖农杆菌介导的遗传转化技术体系。结果表明,带有0.5 cm下胚轴的茎尖适合转化,适宜的农杆菌介导遗传转化条件为农杆菌菌液浓度OD600=1.0,侵染时间20 min,共培养时间3 d,共培养温度24℃。此外,真空渗透处理有助于抗性苗的发生。再生植株经在含100 mg·L~(-1)卡那霉素的培养基上筛选,获得102株抗性植株,再进行PCR鉴定和Southern杂交检测,共获得24株转基因植株,转化率为0.4%,且为单拷贝基因插入。本试验建立的优化条件为棕色棉的遗传转化奠定了理论基础。  相似文献   

2.
为建立根癌农杆菌介导的草莓褪黑素基因高效遗传转化体系,以草莓品种“早红”叶片和叶柄为外植体,优化了影响根癌农杆菌遗传转化的因素,包括农杆菌菌液浓度、侵染时间、共培养时间和预培养时间等,建立了适宜草莓“早红”的农杆菌遗传转化体系。结果表明,“早红”草莓适宜的转化条件是：外植体的最适预培养时间为2～3 d,农杆菌侵染的最佳菌液浓度为OD600 0.3～0.5,最适侵染时间为15 min,最适共培养时间为3 d。在此基础上,通过根癌农杆菌介导法将褪黑素合成关键酶N -乙酰转移酶（AANAT）和羟吲哚-氧甲基转移酶（HIOMT）基因AANAT和HIOMT转入草莓基因组,并对获得的抗性植株进行PCR和PCR-Southern blot检测分析,结果表明外源基因已经整合进草莓基因组中。RT-PCR分析证明外源基因已经在转录水平表达。  相似文献   

3.
农杆菌介导高羊茅遗传转化体系的建立   总被引：3，自引：5，他引：3  
为建立农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导高羊茅(Festuca arundinaceaSchreb.)遗传转化体系,以草坪型高羊茅品种凌志的胚性愈伤组织为受体材料,通过gus基因瞬时表达检测,研究了多种因素对农杆菌介导转化的影响。结果表明,农杆菌介导高羊茅胚性愈伤组织转化的适宜条件为:愈伤组织在含BAP和NAA各0.5mg/L的培养基上预培养3d;菌液浓度OD600值0.7,感染时间15min;农杆菌预培养基和悬浮培养基以及共培养基中添加100μmol/L的乙酰丁香酮;共培养温度23℃,共培养时间3d,共培养基pH值5.2。不同浓度潮霉素筛选效果试验表明,采用低浓度(50mg/L)潮霉素连续筛选,再生获得的转基因植株数最多,因此是最为可取的筛选方式。  相似文献   

4.
根癌农杆菌介导的蓝猪耳遗传转化   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
报道了根癌农杆菌（Agrobacterium tumifaciens）介导的蓝猪耳（Torenia foumieri）遗传转化的方法。筛选蓝猪耳转化芽的最适卡那霉素（Kan）浓度为400mg／L；以稀释10倍的菌液浸染叶盘10～20min，固体共培养基（含20μmol／L乙酰丁香酮）上23℃共培养7～8d可获得转化芽诱导率27．2％；16h光照，8h黑暗是较理想的共培养光周期；茎段作为外植体，其转化芽诱导率要高于叶盘的转化芽诱导率，而且其转化芽比叶盘的转化芽健壮；1／2MS＋100mg／L Kan＋0．5mg／L IAA是比较理想的生根培养基。实验结果表明，根癌农杆菌介导的蓝猪耳转化获得了抗性再生植株，转化率为24．1％。  相似文献   

5.
高粱茎尖再生体系及其遗传转化影响因子的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
本文对高粱茎尖再生体系及其转化影响因子进行了研究。不同基因型的茎尖再生频率有很大差异,说明基因型是影响茎尖再生的一个重要因素。在9种不同的激素组合中,以0.25MG/L KT、0.5MG/LBAP和0.25MG/L IAA对茎尖的再生效果最好。在MS培养基的基础上,采用B5培养基维生素并添加200MG/L L-ASN,10MG/L抗坏血酸和100MG/L PVP可提高茎尖再生频率。对农杆菌介导高粱茎尖转化的因子进行了优化,获得较高转化频率的条件为:茎尖预培养时间3D,在OD600值为0.5农杆菌菌液中感染10MIN,共培养3D。  相似文献   

6.
农杆菌浸种法介导中华结缕草遗传转化体系的建立   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
以中华结缕草萌动种子为转化受体,利用NPT-Ⅱ筛选基因对影响农杆菌介导的遗传转化外部因素进行探索,通过优化转化条件,建立了农杆菌浸种途径介导的中华结缕草遗传转化体系。结果表明：利用催芽6-7d的种子,加入OD600值为0.9的农杆菌浸染菌液（在浸染菌液中添加100μmol.L-1乙酰丁香酮）,附加5min+30s真空处理,振荡浸染48h,共培养3d后,用75mg.L-1卡那霉素筛选能够获得较好的转化效果。通过对卡那霉素抗性苗进行PCR检测和GUS组织化学染色,初步验证NPT-Ⅱ和GUS基因已经整合进植物基因组,阳性转化率为55.21%。  相似文献   

7.
抗生素对高粱茎尖再生的影响及再生体系的建立   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
研究羧苄青霉素、头孢霉素、潮霉素和卡那霉素4种抗生素对高粱茎尖再生的影响及再生体系的建立结果表明,MS培养基中添加甘氨酸、乙二胺四乙酸的铁络合物(Fe-EDTA)和抗坏血酸等有机物有利于高粱茎尖的分化与生长。农杆菌介导的高粱茎尖遗传转化过程中羧苄青霉素为最理想抗生素,最佳浓度为250mg／L。并初步确立了高粱茎尖农杆菌介导的遗传转化过程中抑菌和转化体的筛选策略。  相似文献   

8.
抗生素对高粱茎尖再生的影响及再生体系的建立   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
研究羧苄青霉素、头孢霉素、潮霉素和卡那霉素4种抗生素对高粱茎尖再生的影响及再生体系的建立结果表明,MS培养基中添加甘氨酸、乙二胺四乙酸的铁络合物(Fe EDTA)和抗坏血酸等有机物有利于高粱茎尖的分化与生长。农杆菌介导的高粱茎尖遗传转化过程中羧苄青霉素为最理想抗生素,最佳浓度为2 5 0mg/ L。并初步确立了高粱茎尖农杆菌介导的遗传转化过程中抑菌和转化体的筛选策略  相似文献   

9.
农杆菌介导春小麦遗传转化体系的优化研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  
张彬  赵明  高志强  丁在松  石云鹭  方立锋 《核农学报》2007,21(2):124-127,131
采用携带GUS基因双元表达载体p1301-Pubi-Ecppc的根癌农杆菌菌株C58c1、LBA4404和EHA105对4个春小麦品种的幼胚愈伤组织进行了遗传转化。结果表明,3M1.5为最佳诱导培养基;扬麦158和扬麦10是用于小麦遗传转化的良好基因型。对农杆菌转化条件进行进一步优化,得出用农杆菌C58c1侵染预培养15d的扬麦158幼胚愈伤组织,当侵染液浓度为OD6000.8、侵染40min、共培养3d时,可以提高农杆菌介导小麦遗传转化的筛选频率和PCR阳性率。对所得到的具有hyg抗性的愈伤和抗性植株进行GUS基因化学组织检测和PCR分子鉴定,初步证明Ecppc基因已整合到小麦再生植株基因组中。本研究初步建立了农杆菌介导小麦的遗传转化体系。  相似文献   

10.
为了优化根癌农杆菌介导的棉花下胚轴切段的基因转化体系,以苜蓿抗菌肽基因（alflafa antifungul peptide gene, alfAFP）为目标,利用GUS报告基因和潮霉素抗性基因的检测方法,分析和探讨了根癌农杆菌菌种、菌液浓度、浸染下胚轴的时间、共培养中乙酰丁香酮（AS）的浓度、共培养温度和时间等因子对基因转化的影响。优化分析表明,用农杆菌菌株LBA4404当OD600值为0.5-0.7的菌液浸染5-7日龄的棉花无菌苗下胚轴切段10-15分钟,在含200µmol/L AS的共培养基中21℃暗培养60h可更有效地提高转化率。经上述条件处理的下胚轴在含50mg/L潮霉素的愈伤诱导培养基上培养3周可产生转化率最高的愈伤。愈伤组织经分化培养获得15株再生棉花,经过PCR和southern-PCR分析,发现其中12株含有外源抗病基因alfAFP,可作为棉花抗病育种的种质。  相似文献   

11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。  相似文献   

12.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.  相似文献   

13.
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options.  相似文献   

14.
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate.  相似文献   

15.
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,  相似文献   

16.
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.  相似文献   

18.
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB; the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants, no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi, enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant. In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after 30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it.  相似文献   

19.
Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value.  相似文献   

20.
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.  相似文献   

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