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1.
A barley cDNA for the thaumatin-like protein Hv-TLP8 driven by the CaMV 35S promoter was introduced into oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) via Agrobacterium -mediated transformation. Some transgenic lines were obtained which exhibited enhanced resistance to the clubroot pathogen ( Plasmodiophora brassicae ). To increase resistance, double haploid (DH) lines were generated from these transgenic plants. Of these, DH-line 189 showed stable inheritance of the transgenic trait and its associated resistance for at least three generations. 相似文献
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Agronomic and morphological characterization of Agrobacterium-transformed Bt rice plants 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Qing-yao Shu Hai-rui Cui Gong-yin Ye Dian-xing Wu Ying-wu Xia Ming-wei Gao Illimar Altosaar 《Euphytica》2002,127(3):345-352
The agronomic and morphological characteristics of Agrobacterium-transformed rice plants carrying the synthetic cry1Ab or cry1Ac gene were investigated. Tremendous variations in plant height, seed fertility, grain size and other traits were seen in 80
T1 lines, derived from 80 T0 plants of 9 rice varieties. On average, about 33% T1 lines had either morphological or agronomic variant plants. Most of the variations in T1 plants had no significant correlation with transgene insertion and were proved heritable to their progenies. Genetic analysis
in T3 or T4 generations showed some simple mutations such as chlorophyll deficiency and stunted plants were independent of transgene
insertion and seemed to be controlled by a pair of single genes. However, in two independent transgenic progenies of Xiushui
11, all plants homozygous for transgenes showed dwarfism while all hemizygous and null segregants had normal plant heights.
Two advanced homozygous Bt lines, KMD1 and KMD2, were developed from these two progenies. Comparison of the agronomic traits
of KMD1 and KMD2 with their parent displayed marked differences among them in terms of seedling growth, tillering ability,
yield components and yield potential. The genetic variation observed was generally not linked to the transgene locus and was
ascribed to somaclonal variation, but other causes might also exist in particular cases. The results are discussed in the
context of choosing appropriate transformation methodology for rice breeding programs.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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转基因小麦外源品质基因1Dx5表达的遗传研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
转基因小麦B72-8-11b中外源品质基因1Dx5表达量是内源相应基因表达量的6倍。利用小麦转基因品系为父本，常规品种鄂麦12、鄂麦18和日喀则8号分别为母本，配置3个杂交组合。采用SDS—PAGE技术，检测各组合亲本、F1、F2代的HMW-GS组成，研究转基因小麦B72-8-11b中外源品质基因1Dx5表达的遗传。结果表明：外源1Dx5基因有功能拷贝整合在1个位点，如同内源品质基因，遵从孟德尔遗传模式。这对育种选择策略的制订具有指导意义，也表明了基因枪转化法能够使得外源基因有功能拷贝整合在1个位点并能稳定传递。 相似文献
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Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of the moth orchids, Phalaenopsis (Epidendroideae: Orchidaceae) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The inheritance and stability of the acetolactate synthase (als) transgene were compared in transgenic maize plants, generated using the pollen-tube pathway, particle bombardment, or Agrobacterium-mediated methods of transformation. Progeny populations generated by successive selfing or backcrossing of primary transformants
were analyzed over three generations, using PCR and herbicide screening, to examine segregation and als activity, respectively, and transgenic homozygous plants were selected. The pollen-tube method resulted in a higher rate
of primary normal transgenic plants and a less-stable transmission of the als locus than did the other two methods. When transferred by the particle bombardment and Agrobacterium-mediated methods, the als gene was in a much higher proportion of Mendelian transmission than transferred by the pollen-tube method. Compared to the
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, the particle bombardment method tends to create multiple copies and insert sites of the als gene in maize genome, which delaying the homogenization of the als locus with advancing generations. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation resulted in a greater proportion of stable, low copy number (in general 1–2) transgenic events, facilitating
the stable inheritance of the als gene, and producing multiple desirable transgenic plants. 相似文献
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GUS基因和NPTⅡ基因表达的相关性及其在转基因棉花检测研究中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用农杆菌介导转化法,将含有35S启动子驱动NPTII基因和GUS基因以及棉纤维特异表达启动子E6驱动目的基因FB的植物表达载体转入到常规棉花R15中.重点分析了GUS基因和NPTII基因在愈伤诱导阶段、T0代及T1代转基因棉花中的表达情况.综合两个基因的表达来进行转基因棉花的阳性鉴定,可以为转基因棉花后代的纯合选育提供双重保障.7个转基因株系选育到T3代共获得株行51个,卡那霉素检测多数株行阳性率在90%以上,其中21个株行阳性率达100%. 相似文献
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S. Spasibionek 《Plant Breeding》2006,125(3):259-267
Seeds of the winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) line PN 3756/93 were treated with ethyl methanesulphonate to induce mutations in the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway. The seed mutagenic treatment was repeated in the M2 generation. After treatments, individual seed and plant selections were made for changes in fatty acid composition during several generations of inbreeding. Self‐pollinated plants with changed fatty acid compositions were inbred to obtain genetically homozygous and stable mutant lines. Two mutants, M‐10453 and M‐10464, with increased levels of oleic acid (approximately 76%) and reduced linoleic and linolenic acid contents (8.5% and 7.5%, respectively) were selected. Gene or genes controlling desaturation of oleic acid were probably mutated in these plants. The third mutant, M‐681 had a very low linolenic acid content (approximately 2.6%) and increased linoleic acid content (approximately 26%). This would suggest the occurrence of mutations in genes controlling linoleic acid desaturation. The results of selection work during several generations showed that the environment had substantial influence on the composition of seed oil. This made the search for mutants with modify fatty acid compositions difficult. The induced mutants are not directly usable as new varieties, but can be used as parents in crosses for the development of high quality rapeseed varieties. 相似文献
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Jörg Schatzki Mai Allam Coretta Klöppel Manuela Nagel Andreas Börner Christian Möllers 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(2):174-179
Secondary seed dormancy in oilseed rape is a phenomenon that allows seeds to survive in the soil for many years without germination. Following soil cultivation, dormant seeds may germinate in subsequent years, and they are the main reason for the occurrence of volunteer oilseed rape plants in successive crops. Inheritance of secondary dormancy may be related to seed longevity (SL) in the soil. Genetic reduction in secondary dormancy and SL could provide a mean to reduce the frequency of volunteer plants and especially the dispersal of transgenic oilseed rape. The aim of the present study was to analyse secondary dormancy, germination rate and SL of 28 black‐seeded winter oilseed rape cultivars using in vitro laboratory tests. The material was tested in field experiments at six different locations in Germany in 2008/2009. Significant effects of the genotype and the location on all traits were found. Heritability was high for secondary dormancy (0.97) and moderate for germination rate (0.70) and SL (0.71). Results indicate that a selection for low secondary dormancy would be effective. 相似文献
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Summary Analysis of single plants in parental, F1 and F2 populations of three crosses of oilseed rape indicated cytoplasmic effects in F1 or F2 generations for most of the observed characters. There was evidence of dominance for early flowering and early maturity. Heterosis was exhibited for yield and yield components. The heritabilities for the characters under study were generally very low. 相似文献
10.
Summary Microspore embryogenesis technology allows plant breeders to efficiently generate homozygous micros-pore-derived breeding populations of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) without traditional generations of inbreeding. This study was conducted to compare the frequency distribution of microspore-derived population and single seed descent populations with respect to fatty acids of seed oil. Both microspore-derived populations and single seed descent populations were produced from each of three crosses made between selected parents containing contrasting amount of erucic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. The fatty acid content of F3 plants derived lines (F5 seed) developed by single seed descent was compared to that of microspore-derived populations. The means, ranges and distribution pattern of seed fatty acid contents were similar in both populations for each fatty acid studied, although a few heterozygous lines were observed in the single seed descent populations. The results indicated that microspore-derived population form random, homozygous F1 plant derived gametic arrays for all fatty acids evaluated. Selection for altered fatty acid composition in microspore-derived and single seed descent homozygous populations should be equally efficient, in the absence of linkage of traits investigated. 相似文献
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高盐是限制作物生长发育和产量最严重的非生物胁迫之一,提高作物的耐盐性已成为一个日益紧迫的研究课题。将含有AtNHX1基因的表达载体pFYC-AtNHX1和含有bar基因的质粒pCAMBIA3300等量混合,采用花粉管通道法共转化番茄。经PPT抗性筛选后,PCR扩增获得12株导入了AtNHX1基因的番茄植株,Southern杂交分析表明该基因已经整合到番茄基因组中,通过RT-PCR检测到了AtNHX1基因的表达。在150 mmol/L NaCl处理下,转基因植株T1代对NaCl耐性显著增强。对转AtNHX1基因番茄T2代进行80 mmol/L碱性盐NaHCO（3pH 8.25）胁迫,以此评价转AtNHX1基因番茄对碳酸盐的耐受性。叶片相对电导率检测结果表明,AtNHX1基因的导入确实提高了番茄对碱性盐NaHCO3的耐受性。培育并栽种转AtNHX1基因的耐盐碱番茄将会降低盐渍化环境对番茄生长发育的影响。 相似文献
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Assessing the risks of wind pollination from fields of genetically modified Brassica napus ssp. oleifera 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A. M. Timmons E. T. O'Brien Y. M. Charters S. J. Dubbels M. J. Wilkinson 《Euphytica》1955,85(1-3):417-423
Summary Intensive research over the past 10 years has produced many genetically-mofified lines of oilseed rape with market potential. Assessment of these lines in statutory trials prior to their release as cultivars is necessary, owing to concern over the likelihood of transgene escape from such crops. Here, we examine the movement of airborne pollen grains from oilseed rape fields and assess their capacity for long-range geneflow.Pollen dispersal from isolated rape fields was monitored over two seasons and related to the distribution of fields and feral (domesticated plants growing outside cultivations) populations of the crop in Tayside and North East Fife regions of Scotland. Airborne pollen density declined with distance and at 360 m was 10% of that at the field margin. Pollen counts of 0–22 pollen grains m3 were observed 1.5 km from source fields and apparently were sufficient in number to allow seed set on emasculated bait plants. Oilseed rape pollen has greater capacity for long-range dispersal than had been suggested by small-scale field trials. Mean separation of oilseed rape fields in the survey area was 410 m and the mean distance from feral populations to commercial fields was 700 m. Sixty percent of feral populations with more than 10 plants occurred downwind and within 2 km of an oilseed rape field. Provided that the flowering biology of genetically-modified oilseed rape does not differ from the conventional crop, these data suggest that transgene movement to non genetically-modified fields or feral populations is likely following commercial release. 相似文献
13.
Gan-Yuan Zhong 《Euphytica》2001,118(2):137-144
Transgene technology provides a powerful tool for developing traits that are otherwise difficult to achieve through conventional
breeding. In order to effectively apply the technology to breeding, we need to understand how transgenes behave in plants.
Transgenes may or may not follow Mendelian segregation; their expression can be significantly affected by integration positions
and structures of the transgenic DNA in host genomes; transgenes may become unstable over generations, genetic background
sand environmental conditions; and they may have significantly negative impact on expression of endogenous genes. If not well
understood, the sehurdles could become significant barriers in transgenic breeding. This paper reviews some genetic issues
and pitfalls that are often encountered in transgenic breeding. Because of the necessity of being brief, transgene expression,
silencing, and breeding are the three areas of focuses in this discussion. While molecular mechanisms underlying many of the
transgenic phenomena have not been completely understood, some practical ‘rules’ are now available for creating, evaluating
and selecting desirable transgenic transformants. It can be certain that with more transgenic plants generated and characterized
our knowledge of transgene genetics at both molecular and plant levels will continue to accumulate.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
Genetically modified oilseed rape is currently grown on about 23 % of the global oilseed rape acreage. In order to separate transgenic and non-transgenic oilseed rape production and to ensure co-existence of different agricultural cultivation schemes, as is specified by the European legislation, confinement measures have to be defined. Pollen-mediated gene flow is the most important means by which transgenes are dispersed between fields. In contrast to the majority of the previous investigations the objective of this study was to assess the extent of gene flow in the case of multiple pollen-donor fields. A high erucic acid rape genotype was used as biochemical marker for the quantification of outcrossing into a low erucic acid oilseed rape variety. Outcrossing data were obtained from two experimental locations. As expected, multiple pollen sources in a fragmented landscape can result in high gene transfer frequencies, thus requiring larger isolation distances than a field design with a single pollen donor source. The results of the study are transferable to homozygous transgenic oilseed rape varieties. 相似文献
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BnMAPK1超量表达提高甘蓝型油菜菌核病抗性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
植物MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases)在多种生物和非生物胁迫中起重要作用。课题组前期克隆了甘蓝型油菜BnMAPK1基因,并获得BnMAPK1超量表达植株。本文以甘蓝型油菜中油821DH系为对照,以超量表达BnMAPK1的转基因油菜为试材,采用离体叶片接种的方法,测定染病叶片病斑的大小及病斑周围叶片的草酸含量,并用qRT-PCR检测转基因植株4个病程相关蛋白(OXO、Cu/ZnSOD、PR2、PR3)编码基因在核盘菌胁迫下的相对表达动态变化。结果表明,甘蓝型油菜BnMAPK1超量表达可显著抑制核盘菌对离体叶片的侵染,控制染病叶片内草酸毒素的积累,可能可以解除核盘菌对OXO表达的负调控,使另外3个病程相关蛋白基因(Cu/ZnSOD、PR2、PR3)表达上调。表明BnMAPK1超量表达可有效提高油菜菌核病抗性。 相似文献
17.
The effectiveness of 200- and 400-m isolation distances were evaluated for small-scale trials of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). These distances have been used for previous transgenic release experiments and are commonly adopted for production of basic and certified breeders seed. A 400-m2 donor plot contained plants with a dominant transgene conferring resistance to the herbicide glufosinate-ammonium. This character was used as a selectable marker to measure the frequency of hybrid formation in 400-m2 target plots of non-transgenic rape. Seeds produced by the non-transgenic plants were permitted to fall onto the plots and allowed to germinate. At the first true-leaf stage, the plants were sprayed with glufosinate-ammonium. Surviving plants were resprayed, and a subsample assayed for the presence of the transgene using a colorimetric assay and Southern-blot analysis. The average frequency of hybridization over two replicates was 0.0156% at 200 m and 0.0038% at 400 m. These estimates are within the limits established for the production of basic seed (0.1%). Results indicated that bees were the most likely agent for long-distance pollen dispersal. 相似文献
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Summary Hybridization between radish and oilseed rape has been cumbersome, requiring elaborate embryo rescue techniques. With a modified flower culture method, we have achieved successful hybridization between radish and (transgenic) oilseed rape without the laborious and technically demandingin vitro ovule or embryo rescue techniques.The hybrid nature of the intergeneric hybrids was demonstrated using morphological traits, and DNA analyses. The described method will facilitate the generation ofRaphanobrassica hybrids useful for biosafety studies of the potential for transgenes to spread in weedyCruciferae as well as for breeding programs aimed at introducing useful radish genes, e.g. nematode resistance genes, into oilseed rape. 相似文献
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With the aim to transfer Phoma lingam resistance into rape, successful interspecific crosses were made between three oilseed rape varieties (Brassica napus) and the resistant species B. carinata and B. carinata. Although both hybrid types B. napus×B. juncea and B. napus×B. carinata showed the same high level of resistance as the respective resistant parent, the resistance could be only transferred from juncea crosses. After three backcross generations, lines morphologically undistinguishable from rape, fertile, and with a high degree of resistance were obtained. The resistance of B. carinata was practically lost in the first backcross. A possible explanation of this different behavior could be a higher recombination between the genomes B and C (juncea crosses) than between B and A (carinata crosses). The: applied embryo culture increased the yield of hybrids and first backcross plants and reduced considerably the generation time. 相似文献
20.
The commercial utilization of heterosis in seed yield by means of hybrid varieties is of great importance for increasing oilseed rape production in China. This requires a functional system for the production of hybrid seed. The Brassica napus oilseed rape line 9012AB is a recessive epistatic genic male sterility (GMS) two‐type line, in which the sterility is controlled by two pairs of recessive duplicate sterile genes (ms1 and ms2) interacting with one pair of a recessive epistatic inhibitor gene (rf). Homozygosity at the rf locus (rfrf) inhibits the expression of the recessive male sterility trait in homozygous ms1ms1ms2ms2 plants. This study was conducted to identify molecular markers for one of the male fertility/sterility loci in the B. napus male sterility line 9012AB. Sterile bulk (BS) and fertile bulk (BF) DNA samples prepared from male sterile and male fertile plants of the homozygous two‐type line 9012AB were subjected to amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) analysis. A total of 256 primer combinations were used and seven markers tightly linked to one recessive genic male sterile gene (ms) were identified. Among them, six fragments co‐segregated with the target gene in the tested population, and the other one had a genetic distance of 4.3 cM. The markers identified in this study will greatly enhance the utilization of recessive GMS for the production of hybrid seed in B. napus oilseed rape in China. 相似文献