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经过多年实践,我总结了番茄雄蕊退化型不育系的新的保种技术,现介绍如下: 一、环境条件的调控番茄雄蕊退化型不育系,在正常条件下,其雄蕊虽已退化,但花药内尚有少量花粉,可以取出自交,从而达到保存、繁殖不育系的目的。但不育系常出现雄蕊完全退化,找不到花粉,保种尚且困难,更谈不上繁殖了,根据作者多年观察,不育系花 相似文献
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《园艺学报》2020,(2)
以长花柱番茄‘J59’为材料对其长花柱性状的温度敏感性、遗传规律以及相关QTL进行分析:对两叶一心幼苗分别进行昼夜18/10℃、25/18℃和35/25℃处理,发现雌蕊长度、雄蕊长度、花柱长度和柱头外露长度无显著差异,表明‘J59’番茄不是温度敏感型长花柱材料;以长花柱番茄‘J59’和短花柱番茄‘M82’为亲本,构建了6个世代遗传分析群体P_1、P_2、F_1、BC_1P_1、BC_1P_2和F_2,结果显示长花柱性状遗传规律符合MX2-ADI-AD模型,以主基因遗传为主,BC_1P_1、BC_1P_2和F_2群体的主基因遗传率分别为65.51%、90.76%和89.10%;以F2世代为分析群体构建了遗传连锁图谱,其包含121个SSR,12个连锁群,覆盖基因组长度2108.71cM,平均标记间距为17.43cM;共检测到10个与长花柱性状相关的QTL,分布于Chr1、Chr2、Chr3、Chr4、Chr5、和Chr12,LOD值介于2.53～26.85之间,可解释1.28%～20.22%的表型变异率,其中高于10%的位点有3个,占QTL总数的30%。 相似文献
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榨菜胞质雄性不育及其农艺性状的研究 总被引：43，自引：5，他引：38
榨菜（ＢｒａｓｓｉｃａｊｕｎｃｅａＣｏｓｓ．ｔｕｍｉｄａＴｓｅｎｅｔＬｅｅ）胞质雄性不育系的雄蕊形态有两种类型：１）雄蕊无花药结构；２）雄蕊花药瘦小而干瘪。不育系雄性器官败育时期有两种类型：１）孢子体败育型；２）配子体败育型，属小孢子发育受阻。不育系雄蕊内源激素ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量随花器发育而极缓慢地增长，在花盛开时，每枚雄蕊分别为８．０ｎｇ和２２．４ｎｇ，近保持系的１／４和１／６，出现明显的ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量亏损现象。雄性不育率和不育度均为１００％，不育性世代稳定。不育系９０％的植株雌蕊育性正常，人工授粉后平均单果结籽１４．６粒，比保持系多１．２粒。其余１０％的植株其雌蕊部分不育。在保持系为父本进行自然授粉条件下，不育系单株种子产量７．２ｇ，较正常株高１６．６％。不育系经济性状优良，基本达到保持系和栽培品种水平。 相似文献
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浅谈南非产秋植酢浆草种间杂交 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
酢浆草为异形花柱,根据花丝与柱头相对位置可简单分为长花柱型、中花柱型、短花柱型三类,其实在这些基本类型之间还存在很多其它的中间类型。另外还有一个比较常见的异形花柱：半等长花柱型（即只有一轮花药与花柱高度持平）,这个花型高度的自花受粉结实且后代花柱类型比较稳定,在常见的酢浆草（ 相似文献
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从形态学和细胞学基础方向研究了春萝卜不育系4-05A,以保持系4-05B为对比。观察并测量花器官雌雄蕊形态,确认4-05A比4-05B的花长势弱,雄蕊花药外形小、中空无花粉,雌蕊花柱较长。采用花粉压片法观察小孢子母细胞减数分裂及雄配子体发育过程,证明该不育系材料为花粉败育型。不育系4-05A的小孢子母细胞能正常进行减数分裂并形成单核花粉,但雄配子体进一步发育过程中,在单核中期到靠边期的发育阶段小孢子发生败育,不能形成可育的成熟花粉粒。减数分裂胞质分裂方式为同时型。 相似文献
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辣椒雄蕊雌性化的形态与解剖学研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对辣椒（ＣａｐｓｉｃｕｍａｎｎｕｕｍＬ．）雄蕊雌性化的花芽、花、果实进行了形态与解剖观察,结果表明：１．辣椒雄蕊发生雌性化的花芽较正常花芽肥大;花芽分化过程同正常花芽一致;雌性化雄蕊原基呈扁平叶状突起,以后发育成类似心皮的叶状体,边缘靠合或缝合形成雌蕊状或者５个雌性化雄蕊与正常雌蕊完全合生在一起,形成合柱体。２．雄蕊在雌性化过程中,形态上表现出一系列的中间过渡类型,完全雌性化的雄蕊具有略为膨大的“柱头”,１～３条“花柱”和基部膨大的“子房”;“子房”内有“胚珠”;雌性化雄蕊的“胚珠”与正常子房中的胚珠相似;经人工辅助授粉可发育成种子。 相似文献
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为了明确西瓜雄性不育材料的不育类型和花药败育时期,以西瓜雄性不育系GMS4为材料,对花蕾不育性状进行田间观察统计,利用石蜡切片法观察西瓜花药发育过程。结果表明,该材料不育性状由1对隐性基因控制,为细胞核雄性不育类型。可育株雄蕊发育正常,不育株雄蕊较小,花药干瘪无花粉,可育株和不育株雌蕊发育无明显差异,均可正常结瓜。从花药发育的整个过程来看,在花药发育早期,可育株和不育株花药结构形态差别不大,在小孢子母细胞减数分裂期,不育株异常绒毡层细胞过度增殖,体积小,排列不整齐,挤压药室,无二分体和四分体形成,在花药发育后期,无花粉粒形成,最终导致西瓜雄性不育发生。据此认为,花药败育发生时期在小孢子母细胞减数分裂期。 相似文献
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沙田柚自交和异交亲和性观察 总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25
用荧光显微镜和扫描电镜对沙田柚（Ｃｉｔｒｕｓｇｒａｎｄｉｓｖａｒ．ｓｈａｔｉｎｙｕＨｏｒｔ．）自交和异交亲和性进行了观察。沙田柚自、异交授粉后，花粉管通过柱头乳突细胞间隙进入柱头，先是在柱头区沿细胞间隙生长，长到花柱区后，一直沿花柱道内缘通道细胞长入子房。当花粉管伸长到花柱１／４～１／２时，自异交的花粉管生长速度和管壁胼胝质积累出现差异，自交花粉管在花柱１／２左右处停止生长，异交花粉管正常进入胚囊受精。花柱切面自交授粉管能萌发，但不能进入花柱道。花柱切面异交授粉和胎座授粉，花粉管均能进入胚囊，进行受精。柱头分泌液和柱头匀浆提取液进行花粉离体萌发，花粉能正常萌发和生长。实验结果表明，沙田柚自交不亲和识别和阻抑部位在花柱，属配子体不亲和型。 相似文献
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Clarifying Integrative Research Concepts in Landscape Ecology 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Integrative research approaches are intensely discussed in landscape ecology, in academia and in research policy. However,
confusion over the terminology hampers communication. Many current landscape ecological research projects have difficulties
to agree on a common understanding of the core concepts associated with different forms of integrative research. This is also
evidenced by the lack of discussion of integrative research concepts in published papers. This hinders integration in research
projects and makes the comparison and evaluation of the outcomes of different research concepts impossible. This paper discusses
and defines the meanings of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary (= integrative) research approaches to ease discourse
on their application in landscape ecological research. It reviews definitions of the concepts found in the research literature
and develops definitions of integrative and associated research concepts (disciplinarity, multidisciplinarity, interdisciplinarity
and transdisciplinarity) based on their degree of disciplinary integration and involvement of non-academics. Integrative concepts
are viewed as a continuum rather than as fixed categories. The paper discusses the need to develop integrative theory and
methods and argues that we should be more explicit when using integrative research concepts in project proposals, project
work and publications. Finally, the paper reflects on the ongoing discussion in landscape ecology concerning whether it is
developing from an integrative research field towards a discipline in its own right. 相似文献
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为系统梳理生物炭对土壤微生物活动、群落等方面影响的研究进展和未来发展趋势,以2007-2020年Web of Science核心合集数据库中针对生物炭调控土壤微生物的文献为样本,采用文献计量学软件CiteSpace对文献的年发文量、研究力量和研究热点进行了可视化分析。从论文数量和质量来看,近年来以生物炭为主题对土壤微生物研究的发文数量呈现急剧增长趋势,发文数量最多的国家是中国和美国。文献排名TOP 10的科研机构有中国科学院、浙江大学和康奈尔大学等,作者分析显示科研团队之间存在深入的学术交流。基于关键词聚类分析和突现词分析,研究主题热点集中在不同材质、温度等条件制备的生物炭对土壤微生物群落结构、细菌和古菌的影响。该领域未来应更加注重生物炭改变土壤微生物的内在机理研究,提高生物炭和土壤微生物的联合作用关注度。 相似文献
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Research mapping is a method of organising research information as part of a process of formulating a research policy in a specific area. A research mapping project was undertaken in the UK, which aimed to map existing and future research into public and green space, to identify gaps in order to help set priorities for future research, and to develop a freely accessible and searchable database of this research. The mapping was structured around two axes. The first axis was of research themes based on The Value of Public Space but developed further and broken down into sub-themes. The second axis was a typology of green and public space based around Planning and Policy Guidance Note 17 (PPG17) with elaboration from Green Spaces, Better Places. Research dating back to 10 years was collected together with information on recently completed, ongoing and planned UK research. Only research meeting specific quality criteria was included. Some information was also collected at a seminar where attendees from a range of organisations were invited to offer their perspectives on where research priorities should be directed. All the material was analysed and the main trends were identified. Three key cross-cutting themes common to much of the research were identified. These are the general lack of baseline surveys against which to assess progress over time; methodological issues, especially the need to standardise data collection methods and techniques; the classification of social groups, currently considered to be too crude.It was found that most research has been undertaken on physical aspects, such as planning and on biodiversity. Economic values have also been a focus, but on a smaller scale. Social research is quite well covered but very patchy. Management is better covered than maintenance. By far the weakest area represented in the research is health and well-being, both in terms of social groups and types of green space. Priorities for further research were then identified. 相似文献
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我国柑桔生物技术研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
我国柑桔生物技术研究已有２０多年的发展,主要涉及四个方面：（１）胚和胚乳培养以及茎尖微芽嫁接等以解决育种和生产问题。（２）系统建立的基础性工作：原生质体培养与生理研究。（３）人工创造种质的研究：原生质体融合与转基因。（４）分子标记技术在柑桔研究中的应用。对近１０多年以来我国柑桔生物技术研究的进展作了全面的介绍。 相似文献
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The Mediterranean region is facing many challenges, some of which can be addressed by nature-based solutions such as urban forests and green space. However, at best, urban forest research from Mediterranean countries has been only briefly addressed in review papers up to date. This Scopus-based review paper provides first insights into the development of urban forest research in the Mediterranean in the 20-year period from 1996 to 2015. The purpose of the review was to a) analyse distribution of urban forest research in the Mediterranean and identify countries that are forerunners based on the number of publications, b) to analyse distribution of research themes across the Mediterranean and per country, and hence point to research gaps and needs. Researchers from Italy, Turkey and Spain were the most productive in the analysed period. Research is mainly concentrated in the North, while it is scarce to non-existent in South and Eastern Mediterranean countries (excluding Turkey and Greece). Papers dealing with pollution, human health and sociocultural values were the most frequent. Some countries exhibited research specialisation with regard to certain themes. For instance Italian researchers mostly focused on topics related to pollution and urban forest management, the majority of Spanish papers addressed urban forests in the context of human health, while sociocultural values were the main research theme for researchers from Turkey. Papers were analysed also based on research methods, approaches and study locations. Suggested future research includes analysis of the quality of knowledge related to urban forests in the Mediterranean as well as of collaboration between researchers, research institutions and countries. 相似文献
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杜仲具有降血压作用,现对其降血压成分及黄酮和绿原酸的提取、分离工艺进行概述,以期为今后杜仲降血压成分的提取研究提供理论依据. 相似文献
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裸仁南瓜是南瓜中的一种自然突变类型,其种皮在发育过程中因缺乏木质素和纤维素逐渐退化成一层薄膜。裸仁南瓜营养丰富,方便食用和加工,是优异的种质资源,国内外市场需求旺盛,其种皮形成机制复杂,对其深入研究有助于解决生产难题和促进裸仁南瓜籽产业发展。笔者综述了近年来国内外裸仁南瓜种皮发育相关基础研究取得的最新进展与成果,包含南瓜籽主要营养成分研究、南瓜种皮分类、种皮形态学研究、相关酶分析、育种研究、种皮颜色研究、基因定位研究等。分析了目前裸仁南瓜种皮发育相关基础研究中存在的问题以及今后研究的重点和难点,以期为裸仁南瓜育种及种皮发育的深入研究提供理论和实践依据。 相似文献