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1.
安徽省辣椒疫霉对甲霜灵的抗药性监测 总被引：14，自引：6，他引：8
为了明确安徽地区辣椒疫霉对甲霜灵的抗药性水平及抗性菌株的地理分布,2005-2006年从安徽省16个市、县采集辣椒疫病病株,经分离纯化鉴定,获得125株辣椒疫霉菌株,分别采用生长速率法和叶盘漂浮法测定其对甲霜灵的敏感性.结果表明,按照Parra & Ristaino(2001)标准,供试菌株中有79株对甲霜灵敏感,38株对甲霜灵敏感性处于中间状态,8株抗甲霜灵,即敏感菌株、中间菌株和抗性菌株分别占总体的63.2%、30.4%和6.4%.采自不同地区的菌株对甲霜灵的敏感性差异较大,其中以寿县的菌株最为敏感,EC50值最低为0.10μg/mL,平均为0.81±0.20μg/mL;而砀山、和县地区的菌株表现出一定的抗药性,平均EC50为8.32±0.19 μg/mL,最高达25.47μg/mL.抗性菌株的最高抗性倍数约为90倍. 相似文献
2.
贵州省烟草黑胫病菌对甲霜灵的抗药性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了明确贵州地区烟草黑胫病菌对甲霜灵的抗药性水平, 从贵州省12个市、县采集黑胫病病株, 经分离纯化鉴定, 获得98株黑胫病菌株, 采用生长速率法测定其对甲霜灵的敏感性。结果表明, 采自不同地区的菌株对甲霜灵的敏感性差异较大, 各供试菌株的EC50 值分布范围为0.419 2～20.486 1 μg/mL; 各地区平均EC50 在0.551 9～10.986 0 μg/mL之间; 最低抗药性水平为1.00, 最高抗药性水平为48.87, 相差48.87倍, 各地区平均抗药性水平在1.32～26.21之间。遵义、兴仁、贵定、赫章和兴义有抗甲霜灵菌株出现, 除遵义部分菌株的抗性水平表现为高抗外, 其余菌株对甲霜灵产生的抗性均处于中抗水平。 相似文献
3.
棉铃疫病菌(Phytophthora boeh meriae)对甲霜灵的抗性遗传研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
本文在实验室条件下,经药物直接诱变,筛选获得棉铃疫病菌(Phytophthora boehmeriae Sawada)抗甲霜灵突变株,研究了其抗药性性状的遗传。结果表明,棉铃疫病菌易对甲霜灵产生抗性,抗性菌株对甲霜灵的抗性水平可高达其敏感亲本的5161.3倍以上;部分抗性菌株的抗药性性状在无性及有性单孢后代均可稳定遗传,另有部分抗性菌株的抗性性状在无性单孢后代出现分离甚至完全丧失。初步认为,供试棉铃疫病菌对甲霜灵的抗性遗传可能与细胞质遗传因子有关 相似文献
4.
福建省致病疫霉交配型分布及对甲霜灵的抗药性 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
为明确福建省致病疫霉Phytophthora infestans(Mont.)de Bary交配型分布及对甲霜灵的抗性情况,对1999～2002年分离的致病疫霉进行了交配型和抗药性水平测定.发现福建省同时存在致病疫霉的A1、A2两种交配型菌株,被测定的89个菌株中,73个菌株为A1交配型,16个为A2交配型,分别占82.1%和17.9%;对甲霜灵抗药性测定表明,高抗、中抗和敏感菌株分别占36.0%、48.3%、15.7%,不同菌株对甲霜灵的敏感程度差异很大;离体测定对甲霜灵的敏感性表明,1.0μg/mL甲霜灵对敏感菌株的平均防治效果为68.7%,而500μg/mL浓度对高抗菌株的防治效果仅为69.7%,说明致病疫霉对甲霜灵产生高抗药性. 相似文献
5.
黑龙江省和吉林省马铃薯晚疫病菌对氟啶胺和甲霜灵的敏感性变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2006-2008年在黑龙江省和吉林省共分离获得61株马铃薯晚疫病菌,测定了这些菌株对交配型、氟啶胺和甲霜灵的敏感性。交配型测定结果显示所有菌株都显示A1交配型。甲霜灵测定结果显示10个菌株(16.4%)显示为敏感性,11个菌株(18.0%)显示为中抗,40个菌株(65.6%)显示为抗性。这说明吉林省和黑龙江省发生的晚疫病菌已对甲霜灵产生抗性。氟啶胺敏感性测定结果表明,不同地区、不同年份分离的马铃薯晚疫病菌对氟啶胺的敏感性无显著差异, 其敏感性呈连续的单峰曲线分布, EC50在0.203 3~0.783 7 μg/mL之间, 最不敏感菌株是最敏感菌株的3.85倍, 平均值为(0.4781±0.0163)μg/mL, 未出现敏感性下降的抗药性群体, 因此可作为马铃薯晚疫病菌对氟啶胺的敏感性基线;83.6%的供试菌株对甲霜灵的敏感性下降, 甲霜灵与氟啶胺之间不存在交互抗药性。测定氟啶胺对马铃薯晚疫病的盆栽防治试验结果表明,氟啶胺可湿性粉剂、氟啶胺悬浮剂和烯酰吗啉能很好地控制晚疫病,防治效果分别为85.71%、87.00%、82.19%,而甲霜灵的为23.92%。 相似文献
6.
为明确江西番茄绵疫病菌的类别和抗药性水平, 采用单孢菌落直接配对法和菌落生长量法, 测定2018年-2019年江西番茄主产区绵疫病菌的交配型及其对甲霜灵的敏感性。结果表明, 江西番茄绵疫病菌存在A2和A0交配型, 发生频率分别为86.2%和13.8%, 未检测到其他交配型, 且A2交配型在各个产区均有分布。58株番茄绵疫病菌株对甲霜灵的EC50范围为0.602 9~3.313 3 μg/mL, 平均EC50为1.372 7 μg/mL, 最不敏感菌株EC50值为最敏感菌株的5.5倍, 差异较为明显。3个菌株对甲霜灵达到中抗水平, 占供试菌株的5.17%, 病原菌对甲霜灵的抗性水平上升, 亟须加强药剂的轮换或替代。 相似文献
7.
马铃薯晚疫病菌对烯酰吗啉的敏感性基线及其室内抗药突变体的研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
2003-2004年在内蒙古和黑龙江省共分离获得100株马铃薯晚疫病菌,并测定了这些菌株对烯酰吗啉和甲霜灵的敏感性。结果表明,不同地区、不同年份的马铃薯晚疫病菌对烯酰吗啉的敏感性无显著差异,其敏感性呈连续的单峰曲线分布,EC50在0.0631-0.2206μg/mL之间,最不敏感菌株是最敏感菌株的3.1倍,平均为(0.1153±0.0308)μg/mL,未出现敏感性下降的抗药性亚群体,因此可作为马铃薯晚疫病菌对烯酰吗啉的敏感性基线;64%的供试菌株对甲霜灵的敏感性下降,甲霜灵与烯酰吗啉之间不存在交互抗药性。采用紫外线诱变菌丝的方法仅从3个菌株中的1个菌株获得了3%突变频率的抗烯酰吗啉突变体,抗性倍数为1.5-1.9,没有获得高抗药水平的突变体。这些突变体与氟吗啉之间具有正交互抗药性,而与霜脲氰或嘧菌酯之间无交互抗药性;与野生亲本菌株相比,抗药突变体的生长速率和产孢子囊能力显著下降,不利于抗药群体的发展。但由于马铃薯晚疫病菌被杀菌剂抗性行动委员会认为是高抗药性风险病原菌,建议生产上应将烯酰吗啉与其它无交互抗性的药剂交替使用或混合使用,以避免或延缓抗药性的产生。 相似文献
8.
为明确吉林省西瓜蔓枯病菌Stagonosporopsis citrulli对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感基线和抗性风险,采用菌丝生长速率法测定吉林省151株西瓜蔓枯病菌菌株对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性及吡唑醚菌酯对西瓜蔓枯病菌的最低抑制浓度,并监测375株西瓜蔓枯病菌菌株对吡唑醚菌酯的抗性水平。结果表明,供试的151株菌株对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性频率分布呈连续的单峰曲线,接近正态分布,敏感基线为1.800 μg/mL;吡唑醚菌酯的最低抑制浓度MIC为80.000 μg/mL。抗性水平监测结果显示,375株菌株对吡唑醚菌酯的抗性频率为0。室内药剂驯化获得的抗性突变菌株T-LH3-1和T-XZC5-1在连续转接培养8代后的EC50分别为16.139 μg/mL和31.782 μg/mL,抗性倍数分别为15和51,均为中抗水平,抗药性可以稳定遗传。抗性突变体及其亲本菌株生物学性状结果显示,抗性突变体生物适合度与其亲本菌株差异不显著。交互抗性结果表明,吡唑醚菌酯与醚菌酯之间存在正交互抗性,与戊唑醇、异菌脲、多菌灵和肟菌酯之间不存在交互抗性,可以交替使用以达到延缓抗药性的产生。 相似文献
9.
2003 ~2004年从内蒙古和黑龙江省共采集分离了127株马铃薯晚疫病菌Phytophthora infestans,并在离体条件下测定了这些菌株对甲霜灵和霜脲氰的敏感性。结果表明:在2003年分离的内蒙菌株、2003年及2004年分离的黑龙江菌株中对甲霜灵敏感(MS)的菌株频率分别为86.2%、13.8%、17.8%;虽然霜脲氰在这些地区使用近10年,但病菌群体对该药剂的敏感性没有下降,EC50值分布于0.10 ~0.35 μg/mL之间,平均EC50值为0.20(±0.06)μg/mL,不同敏感性的菌株频率呈连续的单峰曲线分布,未出现敏感性下降的抗药性亚群体,可作为马铃薯晚疫病菌对霜脲氰抗药性监测的敏感性基线;此外,马铃薯晚疫病菌对甲霜灵和霜脲氰之间没有交互抗药性,霜脲氰对抗甲霜灵和野生敏感菌株具有相同的活性。 相似文献
10.
马铃薯晚疫病菌对甲霜灵抗性机制的初步研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
选取对甲霜灵敏感、中抗和高抗的马铃薯晚疫病菌(Phytophthora infestans)菌株各2株,采用电导率法和同位素掺入法,研究了甲霜灵对马铃薯晚疫病菌不同抗药性水平菌株细胞膜通透性和RNA聚合酶活性的影响,借助液相色谱分析方法检测了不同抗药性水平菌株对甲霜灵的降解作用。结果表明:甲霜灵对马铃薯晚疫病菌不同抗药性水平菌株的细胞膜通透性没有明显影响;随着甲霜灵浓度提高,敏感菌株的RNA聚合酶活性受到显著抑制,10μg/mL甲霜灵对敏感菌株RNA聚合酶活性的抑制率达到40%以上,而10和100μg/mL甲霜灵对高抗菌株的RNA聚合酶活性只表现轻微的抑制作用,抑制作用分别小于8%和21%,甲霜灵对中抗菌株RNA聚合酶活性的抑制作用介于对敏感菌株和高抗菌株的抑制作用之间。抗性菌株对甲霜灵有一定的降解作用,培养30d后高抗菌株HL105和SC1的降解率分别达到13.46%和16.14%。 相似文献
11.
安徽省辣椒疫霉交配型的分布及在无性后代的遗传 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
测定了采自安徽省岳西、潜山、和县、合肥、寿县、淮南、阜南、亳州等不同地区的64 株辣椒疫霉菌株的交配型,并用10 μg / mL 的甲霜灵处理A1 交配型的菌株HN8 和A2 交配型的菌株HN3,分别获得抗性突变菌株HN8-Mrt和HN3-Mrt,进一步测定交配型在HN8、HN3 及其抗性突变株游动孢子后代中的遗传稳定性。结果发现,供试菌株中A2 交配型58 株(占90． 6% );A1 交配型6 株(占9. 4% ),未发现A0 、A1 A2 和A1 ,A2 交配型;A2 交配型全省各地均有分布,A1 交配型只出现在和县、淮南和阜南3 地;HN8-Mrt与HN8、HN3-Mrt与HN3 的交配型分别相同,各菌株单游动孢子后代的交配型均与其亲本分别相同。结果说明,辣椒疫霉交配型在安徽的分布呈不均等的态势,其中以A2 型占绝对优势;用甲霜灵处理不会诱导辣椒疫霉交配型的变异,交配型在辣椒疫霉的游动孢子后代中能稳定遗传。 相似文献
12.
L. C. DAVIDSE 《EPPO Bulletin》1985,15(4):403-409
In The Netherlands in 1980 a severe late-blight epidemic involving metalaxyl-resistant strains of Phytophthora infestans did considerable damage to the potato crop. As a consequence metalaxyl or metalaxyl-containing products were withdrawn from the Dutch fungicide market for the control of potato late blight. In 1981 the majority of the P. infestans isolates obtained from various parts of the country were sensitive to metalaxyl. In three areas where metalaxyl mixtures were used on a relatively large scale metalaxyl-resistant strains dominated the population. Incidental use of metalaxyl mixtures in 1982 and 1983 showed adequate late-blight control and, when in 1984 an early and in some areas severe epidemic developed, a metalaxyl/mancozeb mixture was reintroduced for curative application in combination with conventional fungicides. Although disease control was adequate, resistant strains were present in a small number of fields. Whether resistant strains will increase in frequency and threaten the usefulness of mixtures of acylalanines will heavily depend on how well potato farmers adopt strategies involving a limited use of mixtures of acylalanines in a spray schedule with conventional late-blight fungicides. 相似文献
13.
Studies on metalaxyl-resistant Phytophthora infestans in potato crops in south-west Scotland 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
In 1981 metalaxyl-resistant Phytophthora infestans was found in 44% of the 63 crops examined in south-west Scotland. In 1982, when fungicides containing acylalanines (metalaxyl or ofurace) were not used in the area, it was detected in 15%. Metalaxyl-resistant strains were found in several crops which had been sprayed only with non-acylalanine fungicides or had received no fungicidal treatment. In neither year was resistance associated with a significant breakdown of disease control.
Metalaxyl-resistant isolates of the blight fungus were obtained from tubers from crops in which resistance was detected on the foliage.
In detached leaf experiments, resistant isolates retained their ability to grow on leaves treated with 100 μg/ml of metalaxyl after 52 weekly transfers on untreated leaves, and produced sporangia on leaves treated with up to 2000 μg/ml of metalaxyl or ofurace. In mixtures with sensitive sporangia the proportions remained stable after nine weekly transfers on untreated leaves. However, at concentrations as low as 50 μg/ml, metalaxyl and ofurace reduced the extent of colonization and the numbers of sporangia produced by resistant isolates by an average of 50%. 相似文献
Metalaxyl-resistant isolates of the blight fungus were obtained from tubers from crops in which resistance was detected on the foliage.
In detached leaf experiments, resistant isolates retained their ability to grow on leaves treated with 100 μg/ml of metalaxyl after 52 weekly transfers on untreated leaves, and produced sporangia on leaves treated with up to 2000 μg/ml of metalaxyl or ofurace. In mixtures with sensitive sporangia the proportions remained stable after nine weekly transfers on untreated leaves. However, at concentrations as low as 50 μg/ml, metalaxyl and ofurace reduced the extent of colonization and the numbers of sporangia produced by resistant isolates by an average of 50%. 相似文献
14.
烟草黑胫病菌抗甲霜灵突变体的诱导及其适合度研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
室内离体条件下采用药剂诱导法,获得了11个烟草黑胫病菌抗甲霜灵突变体;检测了所有抗药突变体的抗药稳定性及抗性水平;比较了3个低抗和1个高抗突变体的适合度。结果表明:在2~20 μg/mL范围内,抗药突变体的发生频率随甲霜灵诱导浓度的增加而提高;所有抗药突变体的抗药性都能稳定遗传;11个抗药突变体中,10个为低抗突变体(抗性水平3.55~13.9倍,平均8.60倍),1个为高抗突变体(抗性水平510倍);低抗菌株20M-001、10M-003、10M-006和高抗菌株10M-004的适合度指数分别为0.56、0.38、0.38和0.87;抗药突变体的适合度指数与抗性水平不相关。 相似文献
15.
北方五省(区)马铃薯晚疫病菌对甲霜灵和精甲霜灵的敏感性检测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了明确我国不同地区马铃薯晚疫病菌对甲霜灵和精甲霜灵的抗性状况,2007-2009年从河北、黑龙江、吉林、辽宁和内蒙古马铃薯主产区采集马铃薯晚疫病菌,采用菌丝生长速率法和叶盘漂浮法测定其对甲霜灵的敏感性,采用叶盘漂浮法测定其对精甲霜灵的敏感性.结果表明:以菌丝生长速率法检测的380株晚疫病菌中和以叶盘漂浮法检测的222株晚疫病菌中对甲霜灵的抗性菌株分别占80％和73.5％;菌丝生长速率法检测结果显示,河北省对甲霜灵的抗性菌株所占频率从2007年的100％降为2008年的66.4％,2009年又回升至74.2％,而吉林和黑龙江两省对甲霜灵的抗性菌株分布频率呈上升趋势.叶盘漂浮法检测的95个菌株中对精甲霜灵的抗性菌株占54.5％,其中河北省40个菌株对精甲霜灵的中间型菌株占优势(62.5％),抗性菌株仅占34.9％,而其他4省55个菌株对精甲霜灵的抗性菌株占优势(69.1％).受检测的北方五省(区)马铃薯晚疫病菌群体中对甲霜灵和精甲霜灵的抗性菌株已占优势,马铃薯晚疫病菌已普遍对甲霜灵及精甲霜灵产生抗性.在对甲霜灵和精甲霜灵普遍产生抗性的地区,应优先选用与甲霜灵、精甲霜灵作用机理不同的药剂防治马铃薯晚疫病. 相似文献
16.
广东省辣椒疫霉菌对嘧菌酯的敏感性 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从广东省各地采集了54个辣椒疫霉菌株,分别测定了菌丝生长和游动孢子囊形成对嘧菌酯的敏感性。结果表明,嘧菌酯对辣椒疫霉的菌丝生长具有很强的抑制作用,EC50范围为0.1428～1.9509μg/mL,平均为0.9649μg/mL;对游动孢子囊形成的抑制作用更强,EC50范围为0.0010～0.0844μg/mL平均为0.0239μg/mL。正态分析表明,辣椒疫病菌54个菌株菌丝生长对嘧菌酯的敏感性符合正态分布,而孢子萌发则在高浓度区具有拖尾现象,表明自然界中已存在个别具有一定耐药性的辣椒疫霉种群。 相似文献
17.
A. C. PAPPAS 《Plant pathology》1985,34(2):293-296
In winter/spring 1984 resistance to metalaxyl developed in Phytophthora infestans within tomato greenhouses in Preveza, Greece. The appearance of resistant isolates followed continuous applications of metalaxyl and prevalence of weather conditions favourable for late blight. The majority of resistant isolates grew on tomato leaf discs floated on solutions containing 100 μg/ml metalaxyl whereas sensitive isolates were inhibited at concentrations of 0.1 μg/ml.
In trials within polyethylene tunnels metalaxyl had no effect on the development of the late blight induced by resistant strains but both a mixture of this fungicide with mancozeb and mancozeb alone, gave satisfactory control of the disease when applied in a 7-day schedule. 相似文献
In trials within polyethylene tunnels metalaxyl had no effect on the development of the late blight induced by resistant strains but both a mixture of this fungicide with mancozeb and mancozeb alone, gave satisfactory control of the disease when applied in a 7-day schedule. 相似文献
18.
Reinhard Zipper Timo R. Hammer Otmar Spring 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,123(3):367-375
Bioassays testing the fungicide sensitivity against metalaxyl of Peronospora tabacina isolates collected in German tobacco fields in 2005 revealed the presence of two phenotypes, resistant and sensitive. DNA
fingerprints using SSR and minisatellite primers allowed separation of the samples into two groups. The differences in amplification
patterns coincided with the sensitive and resistant reaction of the isolates in metalaxyl bioassays. New primers were developed
which allowed PCR-based detection of P. tabacina and differentiation of the metalaxyl-sensitive and the metalaxyl-resistant phenotype, respectively. Screening of recent blue
mold isolates from Germany and other European countries for metalaxyl sensitivity with leaf disk bioassays coincided completely
with the PCR-based identification of the two phenotypes. In Germany, exclusively resistant isolates were found between 2002
and 2004. These still dominate. Since 2005 the co-occurrence of sensitive isolates has been shown. No similar monitoring has
been done in any other European country. However, we found the resistant phenotype reaction in a French isolate of 2004 and
in two out of three Italian isolates in 2007. Two isolates from Poland and Bulgaria in 2007 were sensitive to metalaxyl. For
all 58 isolates tested since 2002 the metalaxyl bioassay-based resistance type and the PCR-based tests for sensitive and resistant
genotype coincided. Using genotype-specific primers for future population studies may help to trace the sources of the pathogen
from which yearly propagation starts. 相似文献