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1.
Tagging of restorer genes for wild abortive (WA) CMS source by studying a 222 individual plants from a F2 population of a cross between IR58025A × IR42686R. The restorer line IR42686R that was used in this study had been previously derived through random mating composite population (RMCP) involving 12 parents facilitated by IR36 genetic male sterility. Four Rf genes were tagged to simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers on chromosomes 1, 7, 10, 12 by recessive class analysis. The recombination frequency between a positive marker and Rf locus was calculated using maximum likelihood estimator assuming that all the 46 extremely sterile individual plants were homozygous at the targeted Rf locus. The recombination frequency between the marker and the restorer trait were converted to genetic distances using Kosambi function. A new Rf locus designated as Rf7 on chromosome 12 was found to be linked to RM7003 at a genetic distance of 13.3 cM (LOD 6.12). We report here first, a new molecular marker (RM 6344) linked to Rf4 locus on chromosome 7 that was previously mapped by trisomic analysis. RM443 and RM315 were flanking the Rf3 gene at a genetic distance of 4.4 (LOD 10.29) and 20.7 cM (LOD 3.98) on chromosome 1, respectively. The Rf6 was flanked on both side with SSR markers RM258 and RM591 at a genetic distance of 4.4 (LOD 10.29) and 23.3 cM (LOD 3.39) located on chromosome 10. The random mating composite population is an excellent breeding approach to develop superior restorer lines and for pyramiding different Rf genes of different CMS systems. Rf genes tagged with closely linked SSR markers would be facilitating marker assisted selection (MAS) in hybrid rice breeding program by reducing time and workload for identifying potential restorers. L. Bazrkar and A. J. Ali equally contributed to this work.  相似文献   

2.
The genetic relationship among three cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) systems, consisting of WA, Dissi, and Gambiaca, was studied. The results showed that the maintainers of one CMS system can also maintain sterility in other cytoplasmic backgrounds. The F1 plants derived from crosses involving A and R lines of the respective cytoplasm and their cross-combination with other CMS systems showed similar pollen and spikelet fertility values, indicating that similar biological processes govern fertility restoration in these three CMS systems. The results from an inheritance study showed that the pollen fertility restoration in all three CMS systems was governed by two independent and dominant genes with classical duplicate gene action. Three F2 populations, generated from the crosses between the parents of good-performing rice hybrids, that possess WA, Dissi, and Gambiaca CMS cytoplasm, were used to map the Rf genes. For the WA-CMS system, Rf3 was located at a distance of 2.8 cM from RM490 on chromosome 1 and Rf4 was located at 1.6 cM from RM1108 on chromosome 10. For the Dissi-CMS system, Rf3 was located on chromosome 1 at 1.9 cM from RM7466 and Rf4 on chromosome 10 was located at 2.3 cM from RM6100. The effect of Rf3 on pollen fertility appeared to be stronger than the effect of Rf4. In the Gambiaca-CMS system, only one major locus was mapped on chromosome 1 at 2.1 cM from RM576. These studies have led to the development of marker-assisted selection (MAS) for selecting putative restorer lines, new approaches to alloplasmic line breeding, and the transfer of Rf genes into adapted cultivars through a backcrossing program in an active hybrid rice breeding program.  相似文献   

3.
X. L. Tan    Y. L. Tan    Y. H. Zhao    X. M. Zhang    R. K. Hong    S. L. Jin    X. R. Liu  D. J. Huang 《Plant Breeding》2004,123(4):338-341
Cytoplasmic male sterility of Dian‐type 1 (CMS‐D1) was developed 30 years ago in Yunnan. A major gene conferring fertility restoration for the CMS‐D1 system was detected by microsatellite markers in advanced inbred lines consisting of 196 maintainers and 62 restorers developed in breeding programmes of hybrid rice involving the CMS‐D1 system. The gene was mapped between two simple sequence repeat markers, OSR33 and RM228, on chromosome 10, and was temporarily designated as Rf‐D1(t). The genetic distances of the gene to the two microsatellite markers were 3.4 and 5.0 cM, respectively. This linkage was confirmed by using an F2 population derived from a cross between a CMS‐D1 line and a restorer. This study also demonstrated that using OSR33 was reliable and efficient for identification of restoring lines in hybrid rice breeding with the CMS‐D1 system.  相似文献   

4.
Over the past decade, M‐type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line W931A and a variety of restorer lines have been exploited for the release of hybrid seeds in soybean (Glycine max). However, the identities of restorer genes in the nuclei of soybean restorer lines are still unclear. In this study, we analysed the inheritance pattern of restorer locus Rf‐m from restorer line WR016 and constructed a high‐resolution map of this locus. Results showed that Rf‐m in WR016 is a monogenic dominant gene located within a 162.4‐kb region on chromosome 16, which is flanked on each side by new developed simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers GmSSR1602 and GmSSR1610 at a distance of 0.11 and 0.25 cM, respectively. Nineteen open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted in this region. Of these, seven genes arranged in tandem on chromosome 16 encode pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, which is similar to other reported restorer loci in plants. These results lay a solid foundation for map‐based cloning of the Rf‐m gene and will be helpful for marker‐assisted selection of elite CMS restorer lines.  相似文献   

5.
Sorghum is one of the pioneering cereal crops where cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) was successfully exploited for mass production of F1 hybrid seed. Mapping genes for fertility restoration (Rf) is an important aspect of understanding the molecular basis of fertility restoration in crop plants. In this study, we fine‐mapped a fertility restoration locus, Rf2 of sorghum reported earlier (Jordan, Mace, Henzell, Klein, & Klein, 2010 ), involving two F2 populations (296A × RS29 and 296A × DSV1) and newly developed SSR markers delimited Rf2 locus to 10.32‐kb region on chromosome 2. The Rf2 locus was tightly linked with two new SSRs, MS‐SB02‐3460 (0.14 cM) and MS‐SB02‐3466 (0.75 cM) on both sides, and hosted only one gene (Sobic.002G057050) of PPR gene family. Another new SSR marker developed in the study, MS‐SB02‐37912, forms the part of PPR gene and could act as a perfect marker in marker‐assisted breeding for fertility restoration involving Rf2 in sorghum breeding. The strong involvement of Sobic.002G057050 gene in fertility restoration was supported through RNA expression analysis.  相似文献   

6.
Hybrid rice based on wild‐abortive cytoplasmic male sterility (WA‐CMS) is important in boosting rice production, which requires diverse parents to harness heterosis. For this, exploiting the diversity of japonica through tropical japonica (TRJ) lines is an excellent route. In this study, 310 TRJ‐based new plant type (NPT) lines were developed and evaluated for Rf3 and Rf4 genes. Gene‐based (DRRM‐Rf3‐5 and DRRM‐Rf3‐10) and functional marker (RMS‐SF21‐5) targeted Rf3 locus, while gene‐linked (RM6100) and functional marker (RMS‐PPR9‐1) targeted the Rf4 locus. The frequency of the restorer allele of Rf3 gene was lower when compared to that of Rf4. Combined phenotypic and molecular screening using gene‐based and functional markers identified 42 lines that carried Rf3 and/or Rf4 genes. All the selected lines produced fertile F1s when crossed to a WA‐CMS line, “Pusa 6A”, but with varying levels of spikelet fertility. This is the first report of a marker‐cum‐phenotype‐based restorer selection using TRJ‐derived lines. Multilocation evaluation of these lines at three locations indicated better adaptation for grain yield in some of the lines.  相似文献   

7.
Y. Wang    L. Zhao    X. Wang    H. Sun 《Plant Breeding》2010,129(1):9-12
In this study, we report the mapping of the Rf locus in soybean by microsatellite simple sequence repeat (SSR) genetic markers. A cross was made between cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line JLCMS82A and restorer line JIHUI 1 based on the DNA polymorphisms revealed by 109 SSR markers. A F2 population derived from a single F1 plant containing 103 individuals was used for mapping the Rf locus. The Rf gene of JIHUI 1 gametophytically restores male fertility to JLCMS82A. Fertile and semi-fertile DNA bulks and parental DNAs were screened with 219 SSR markers, and Satt215 which was previously mapped to soybean LG J, was found linked to the Rf gene. Five additional polymorphic SSR markers from LG J were used for analysis and a regional linkage map around the Rf locus was established. SSR markers, Sctt011 and Satt547, flanked the Rf locus at 3.6 cM and 5.4 cM, respectively. The availability of these SSR markers will facilitate the selection of restorer lines in hybrid soybean breeding.  相似文献   

8.
Gall midge is the third most destructive insect pests of rice after stem borers and planthoppers. Host plant resistance has been recognized as the most effective and economic, means for gall midge management. With the characterization of a new gall midge biotype (GMB) 4M, unique feature of gall midge resistance in the breeding line CR57-MR1523 was highlighted. Multi-location evaluation of F3 families derived from the cross TN1 × CR57-MR1523 against different gall midge biotypes helped to identify a new dominant gene conferring resistance against GMB4. This gene has been designated as Gm11t. Though CR57-MR1523 has been extensively used in breeding gall midge resistant rice varieties like Suraksha, neither the genetics of resistance nor chromosomal location of the resistance gene(s) is known. In the present study we have tagged and mapped the new gall midge resistance gene, Gm11t, on chromosome 12, using SSR markers. To map the gene locus, 466 F10 generation Recurrent Inbred Lines (RILs), from the cross of TN1 × CR57-MR1523 were used. Of the 471 SSR markers spread across the rice genome, 56 markers showed polymorphism and were used to screen a subset of the mapping population consisting of 10 resistant (R) and 10 susceptible (S) F10 RILs. Six SSR markers, RM28706, RM235, RM17, RM28784, RM28574 and RM28564 on chromosome 12 were initially found to be associated with resistance and susceptibility. Based on the linkage analysis in selected 158 RILs, we were able to map the locus between two flanking SSR markers, RM28574 and RM28706, on chromosome 12 within 4.4 and 3.8 cM, respectively. Further, two NILs with 99% genetic similarity, were identified from the RILs which differed in gall midge resistance. The tightly linked flanking SSR markers will facilitate marker-assisted gene pyramiding and map-based cloning of the resistant gene. NILs would be valuable materials for functional analysis of the identified candidate gene.  相似文献   

9.
水稻野败型细胞质雄性不育恢复基因Rf3的定位   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
以珍汕97A/明恢63的F2群体为材料,应用SSR标记对水稻野败型恢复基因Rf3进行定位。该试验从F2分离群体中筛选出119个极端不育单株组成隐性基因定位群体。针对水稻第1染色体短臂Rf3所在染色体的可能区间,应用37个SSR标记检测亲本,从16个多态性标记中挑选出9个检测定位群体。结果表明物理位置连续排列的SSR标记RM10353、RM1195和RM3746各有8个单株与Rf3基因发生了单交换,且重组子数表现为最少,据此可将Rf3定位于这3个标记的两侧标记内。因此最终将Rf3定位在相距679.9 kb的SSR标记RM10338和RM10376之间。  相似文献   

10.
Fertility restoration by dominant nuclear genes is essential for hybrid breeding based on cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) to obtain heterotic effects and high seed yields. In sunflower, only the PET1 sterility inducing cytoplasm has been used in commercial hybrid breeding until now. This particular male sterility was derived from an interspecific hybrid Helianthus petiolaris × H. annuus. For the recent work we used the segregating population RHA325(CMS) × HA342, based on the PET1 cytoplasm. Molecular markers were mapped within 1.1 cM around the restoration locus Rf1. At the distal side, the marker OP-K13_454 mapped at a distance of 0.9 cM and E32M36-155R at 0.7 cM from Rf1. At the proximal side the markers E44M70-275A, E42M76-125A and E33M61-136R were mapped at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 cM from the restorer locus, respectively. These markers provide an excellent basis for a map based cloning approach and for marker-assisted sunflower breeding.  相似文献   

11.
The Wild Abortive (WA) system is the major cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) source for hybrid rice production in indica rice and its fertility restoration is reported to be controlled by two major loci viz. Rf3 on chromosome 1 and Rf4 on chromosome 10. With the availability of the rice genome sequence, an attempt was made to fine map, develop candidate gene based markers for Rf3 and Rf4 and validate the developed marker system in a set of known restorer lines. Using polymorphic markers developed from microsatellite markers and candidate gene based markers from Rf3 and Rf4 loci, local linkage maps were constructed in two mapping populations of ~1,500 F2 progeny from KRH2 (IR58025A/KMR3R) and DRRH2 (IR68897A/DR714-1-2R) hybrids. QTLs and their interactions for fertility restoration in Rf3 and Rf4 loci were identified. The identified QTL in both mapping populations together explained 66–72 % of the phenotypic variance of the trait suggesting their utility in developing a marker system for identification of fertility restorers for WA-CMS. Sequence comparison of the two candidate genes from the Rf3 and Rf4 regions in male sterile (A) and restorer (R) lines showed 2–3 bp indels and a few substitutions in the Rf3 region and indels of 327 and 106 bp in the Rf4 region respectively. The marker system identified in the present study was validated in 212 restorers and 34 maintainers along with earlier reported markers for fertility restoration of WA-CMS. Together DRCG-RF4-14 and DRCG-RF4-8 for the Rf4 locus and DRRM-RF3-5/DRRM-RF3-10 for the Rf3 locus showed a maximum efficiency of 92 % for identification of restorers.  相似文献   

12.
The present study was carried out with the objective to validate the molecular markers, which have been previously reported to be linked to fertility restorer (Rf) gene(s) for WA-CMS lines of rice. Two mapping populations involving fertility restorer lines for WA-cytoplasm, viz., (i) an F2 population derived from the cross IR58025A/KMR3R consisting of 347 plants and (ii) a BC1F1 population derived from the cross IR62829A/IR10198R//IR62829A consisting of 130 plants were analyzed. Nine SSR and three CAPS markers reported to be linked to Rf genes along with two previously unreported SSR markers were analyzed in the mapping populations. In both the populations studied, the trait of fertility restoration was observed to be under digenic control. Eight SSR markers (RM6100, RM228, RM171, RM216, RM474, RM311, MRG4456 and pRf1&2) showed polymorphism between the parents of the F2 population, while the SSR markers RM6100 and RM474 showed polymorphism between the parents of both the F2 and BC1F1 populations. Only one CAPS marker, RG146FL/RL was polymorphic between the parents of the BC1F1 population. RM6100 was observed to be closely segregating with fertility restoration in both the mapping populations and was located at a distance of ~1.2 cM. The largest phenotypic variation was accounted for the region located between RM311 and RM6100. Using the marker-trait segregation data derived from analysis of both the mapping populations, a local linkage map of the genomic region around Rf-4, a major fertility restoration locus on Chromosome 10 was constructed, and RM6100 was observed to be very close to the gene at a distance of 1.2 cM. The accuracy of the marker RM6100 in predicting fertility restoration was validated in 21 restorers and 18 maintainers. RM6100 amplified the Rf-4 linked allele in a majority of the restorers with a selection accuracy of 94.87%. Through the present study, we have established the usefulness of the marker RM6100 in marker-assisted selection for fertility restoration in segregating populations and identification of restorers while screening rice germplasm for their fertility restoration ability.  相似文献   

13.
Several upland Japonica breeding lines, WAB450-11-1-3-P40-HB (Abbreviated as WAB450-11), WAB450-11-1-2-P61-HB (WAB450-13), WAB450-l-B-P-91-HB (WAB450-14), IRAT216, IRAT359, and IRAT104, possessing restoring ability for the Dian 1 type cms (cms-D) line Dianyu 1A were recently identified at Food Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, P. R. China. In this study, the inheritance of restoring ability in these lines was characterized through the production of backcross populations to the male-sterile and maintainer Dianyu 1 lines. Each of the restorer lines was used to pollinate Dianyu 1A to form a F1 hybrid which was then backcrossed (1) with Dianyu 1B producing a BC1F1 population and (2) to the female parent Dianyu 1A producing a BC5F2 population. The lines were also crossed with the japonica restorer line C57, carrying the restorer gene Rf1 that was introgressed from indica, to form F1 hybrids, these hybrids were then testcrossed with Dianyu 1A to study the allelic relationship of their restorer genes to Rf1. The inheritance in these testcross populations indicated that the complete restoring ability of WAB450-11, WAB450-13, WAB450-14, IRAT216, IRAT359, and the partial restoring ability of IRAT104 were controlled by dominant genes, and the gene in WAB450-13, WAB450-14, and IRAT216 was allelic or identical to Rf1. When 136 SSR markers were used to score 143 BC1F1 individuals from Dianyu 1A/WAB450-13//Dianyu 1B, the japonica Rf1 allele was found to be located between RM171 and RM6100 on the long arm of chromosome 10, an interval corresponding to that known for the indica Rf1 allele. The distance between RM171 and Rf1 is 2.8 cM, and that between Rf1 and RM6100 is 4.9 cM. Similar linkage results were obtained from mapping 89 individuals of the corresponding BC5F2 population (Dianyu 1A/6/Dianyu 1A/WAB450-13).  相似文献   

14.
We have established marker-aided selection strategies for the two major Rf genes (Rf3 and Rf4) governing fertility restoration of␣cytoplasmic-genetic male sterility (CMS) in rice. Polymorphisms between restorer and non-restorer␣lines were observed using RG140/PvuII for Rf3 located on chromosome 1 and S10019/BstUI for Rf4 located on chromosome 10. DNA polymorphisms associated with these two loci in restorer lines of wild abortive (WA), Dissi, and Gambiaca cytoplasm are conserved, suggesting that similar biological processes control pollen fertility in this diverse cytoplasm. Because of their close linkage to Rf genes and distinct banding patterns, STS markers RG140/PvuII and S10019/BstUI are well suited for marker-aided selection, enhanced backcross procedures, and pyramiding of Rf genes in agronomically superior non-restorer lines. The combined use of markers associated with these two loci improved the efficiency of screening for putative restorer lines from a set of elite lines. Positional analyses of Rf4 and the inheritance pattern of the polymorphism in S10019/BstUI suggest that Rf4, governing fertility restoration in WA-CMS in rice, is likely to be the same gene governing fertility restoration in BT- and HL-CMS that has a gametophytic effect, which explains why 100% pollen fertility in hybrids is impossible to attain.  相似文献   

15.
The use of the new cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) source PEF1 in sunflower hybrid breeding requires markers closely linked to the restorer gene Rf_PEF1 necessary for fertility restoration of hybrids based on the PEF1 cytoplasm as well as diagnostic markers to distinguish the PEF1 cytoplasm from other cytoplasms. Bulked segregant analyses of 256 AFLP primer combinations identified 35 polymorphic primer combinations with 1–3 polymorphisms, resulting in 40 polymorphisms. Eighteen AFLP markers mapped together with the Rf_PEF1 gene covering 119.9 cM. The closest markers, E39M51_300R and E44M56_112A, mapped 3.9 and 6.0 cM to the Rf_PEF1 gene, respectively. Six SSR markers, which belong to the linkage group 13, were screened for polymorphisms between the parental lines. Only ORS630 was polymorphic, but did not map to the same linkage group as Rf_PEF1, indicating that Rf_PEF1 is not located on linkage group 13 where the restorer gene Rf1 for the PET1 cytoplasm is located. Diagnostic markers to distinguish the PEF1 cytoplasm from the PET1 and the fertile cytoplasm in sunflower were obtained using primer combinations for the atp9 gene and orfH522.  相似文献   

16.
Identification of new parental lines is crucial for developing ecology‐specific hybrids with ideal agronomic performance. We screened a total of 570 different ecology‐specific Indian rice varieties for the presence of fertility restorer genes, Rf3 and Rf4 using tightly linked markers DRRM Rf3‐10 and RM6100, respectively. Among these varieties, 13% carried Rf3Rf3/Rf4Rf4, 31% carried rf3rf3/rf4rf4, 6% carried Rf3Rf3/rf4rf4 and remaining 50% carried Rf4Rf4/rf3rf3 allelic combinations. A mini set of 40 varieties with variable allelic combinations of fertility restorer genes were testcrossed with WA and Kalinga‐based CMS lines. All the 80 F1s were evaluated for spikelet fertility and fertility restoration ability. Rf3Rf3/rf4rf4 genotypes mostly behaved as partial maintainers or partial restorers. In contrast, rf3rf3/Rf4Rf4 genotypes were partial or effective restorers. However, double dominant genotypes showed better fertility restoration than the genotypes containing Rf3 or Rf4 individually. Some of the genotypes showed unexpected restoration pattern implying occurrence of other fertility restorer(s) apart from Rf3 and Rf4. The perfect restorers and maintainers identified in this study can be directly used in hybrid rice breeding.  相似文献   

17.
水稻抗白叶枯病新基因Xa32（t）的鉴定和初步定位   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
通过多菌系接种鉴定及抗谱分析,并与目前国际上已知抗白叶枯病基因比较,证明在水稻抗源C4064中含有一个新的抗白叶枯病基因,暂命名为Xa32(t)。应用分离集团分析法(BSA),借助SSR和EST等分子标记,对该基因进行了分子标记定位。通过对F2分离群体及F3家系单株进行遗传连锁性检测,发现6个位于水稻第11染色体长臂末端的分子标记RM27256、RM27274、RM2064、ZCK24、RM6293和RM5926与Xa32(t)基因连锁。它们与Xa32(t)基因间的遗传距离分别为2.1、1.0、1.0、0.5、1.5和2.6 cM。其中标记RM6293和RM5926位于染色体近端粒一侧,其他4个标记RM27256、RM27274、RM2064和ZCK24位于基因的另一侧。将Xa32(t)定位在水稻第11染色体长臂末端2.0 cM范围内。  相似文献   

18.
Straighthead is a physiological disorder in rice (Oryza sativa L.) resulting in sterile florets, poorly developed panicles and yield loss. Because of its sporadic nature and unidentified causes for the disorder, molecular marker assisted selection is essential for resistance improvement in breeding programmes. To take advantage of recent advances in gene‐mapping technology, we executed a genome‐wide association mapping to identify genetic regions associated with straighthead disorder using 547 accessions of germplasm from the USDA rice core collection. Straighthead was evaluated in arsenic treated soil and genotyping was conducted with 75 molecular markers covering the entire rice genome about every 25 cM. A mixed‐linear model approach combining the principal component assignments with kinship estimates proved to be particularly promising for association mapping. The extent of linkage disequilibrium was described among the markers. Six markers were found to be significantly associated with straighthead, explaining 35% of the total phenotypic variation. However, only two SSR markers, RM413 and RM277 on chromosome 5 and 12, respectively, have a significant association with low rating indicating straighthead resistance. Confirmation of the marker‐straighthead association using segregating populations is necessary before marker‐assisted selection can be applied.  相似文献   

19.
水稻抗白叶枯病新基因Xa32（t）的鉴定和初步定位   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
通过多菌系接种鉴定及抗谱分析,并与目前国际上已知抗白叶枯病基因比较,证明在水稻抗源C4064中含有一个新的抗白叶枯病基因,暂命名为Xa32(t)。应用分离集团分析法(BSA),借助SSR和EST等分子标记,对该基因进行了分子标记定位。通过对F2分离群体及F3家系单株进行遗传连锁性检测,发现6个位于水稻第11染色体长臂末端的分子标记RM27256、RM27274、RM2064、ZCK24、RM6293和RM5926与Xa32(t)基因连锁。它们与Xa32(t)基因间的遗传距离分别为2.1、1.0、1.0、0.5、1.5和2.6 cM。其中标记RM6293和RM5926位于染色体近端粒一侧,其他4个标记RM27256、RM27274、RM2064和ZCK24位于基因的另一侧。将Xa32(t)定位在水稻第11染色体长臂末端2.0 cM范围内。  相似文献   

20.
The rice cultivar ‘Chumroo’ is commonly cultivated in the mid- and high-altitude areas of Bhutan. This cultivar has shown durable blast resistance in that area, without evidence of breakdown, for over 20 years. Chumroo was inoculated with 22 blast isolates selected from the race differential standard set of Japan. The cultivar showed resistance to all the isolates. To identify the resistance gene(s), Chumroo was crossed with a susceptible rice cultivar, Koshihikari. The F1 plants of the cross showed resistance. Segregation analyses of 300 F3 family lines fitted the segregation ratio of 1:2:1 and indicated that a single dominant gene controls the resistance to a blast isolate Ao 92-06-2 (race 337.1). The Chumroo resistance locus (termed Pi46(t)) was mapped between two SSR markers, RM6748 and RM5473, on the terminal region of the long arm of chromosome 4, using linkage analysis with SSR markers. The nearest marker, RM5473, was linked to the putative resistance locus at a map distance of 3.2 cM. At the chromosomal region, no true resistance genes were identified, whereas two field resistance genes were present. Therefore, we designated Pi46(t) as a novel blast resistance locus.  相似文献   

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