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1.
为研究内蒙古地区奶牛源致病性沙门氏菌的耐药特性及ESBLs基因流行特征,试验采用微量肉汤稀释法测定了22种兽医临床常用抗菌药物对临床分离沙门氏菌的最低抑菌浓度(MICs),并对其多重耐药特性进行了分析;采用PCR法对具有β-内酰胺类药物耐药表型的菌株进行了8种动物源沙门氏菌常见ESBLs基因的检测。结果显示,内蒙古地区奶牛源致病性沙门氏菌对甲氧苄啶(97.4%)及磺胺甲基噁唑(94.7%)的耐药率最高,对多数β-内酰胺类、氨基糖甙类、氯霉素类及四环素类药物的耐药性也较为严重(耐药率为40%~80%),所有菌株对氟喹诺酮类药物均敏感;菌株的多重耐药率为94.7%,有29株菌(76.3%)同时对6类抗菌药物具有耐药性;35株对β-内酰胺类药物耐药的菌株中,有30株(85.7%)为ESBLs基因阳性,共检出6种ESBLs基因,其中CTX-M型基因检出率最高(40.0%),未检出SHV和PSE型基因;共发现15种ESBLs基因型,9种ESBLs基因型组合,有16株菌(45.7%)同时携带两种或两种以上ESBLs基因。结果表明,内蒙古地区奶牛源致病性沙门氏菌对兽医临床常用抗菌药物的耐药性较为严重,且ESBLs基因的流行模式较为复杂,提示兽医临床抗菌药物不合理使用可能是造成该地区奶牛源沙门氏菌耐药性产生的原因。 相似文献
2.
Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp., especially resistance mediated by extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), is a growing public health concern. Understanding the mechanisms through which Salmomella spp. acquire the resistance genes can lead to the development of intervention and mitigation strategies. Thirty-one Salmonella isolates of bovine origin were analyzed by serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, phage induction and bacterial host range determination, and phage transduction of antimicrobial resistance. The Salmonella isolates consisted of 12 serovars. Resistance to 1 or more antibiotics was detected in 12 isolates. Inducible phages were recovered from 19 Salmonella (61%) by spot lysis assay. Of the 19 phage samples, 13 were able to multiply in 2 or more Salmonella of various serovars. A cross-serovar transduction of antimicrobial resistance was observed from S. Heidelberg to S. Typhimurium. Transfection of an antimicrobial-susceptible strain of S. Typhimurium with a phage propagated in a S. Heidelberg resistant to multiple β-lactam antibiotics and tetracycline resulted in independent acquisition of blaCMY-2, tet(A), and tet(B). These data indicate that inducible phages are common in Salmonella of bovine origin, many of them demonstrate a broad host range, and wild-type phage mediated transduction may contribute to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance, including the resistance mediated by ESBL. 相似文献
3.
本研究旨在初步了解重庆市羊源沙门氏菌的耐药性及耐药基因流行情况。在5个山羊养殖场采集185份山羊粪便样品，经选择性增菌和PCR鉴定分离沙门氏菌，确定了其血清型，测定了分离菌对28种抗菌药物的敏感性，并检测了喹诺酮耐药决定区（QRDR）的耐药突变位点和质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药（PMQR）、超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）基因。共分离到羊源沙门氏菌11株，其中10株为德尔卑沙门氏菌。分离的菌株对氨苄西林、头孢唑啉、头孢氨苄、头孢噻肟、四环素和培氟沙星耐药严重；9株菌表现为多重耐药，对3~7类药物耐药。所有菌株均存在QRDR耐药突变且携带blaTEM基因；7株菌携带1~5种PMQR基因。本研究分离的羊源沙门氏菌对常用抗菌药物整体耐药较为严重，且广泛存在耐药突变和携带耐药基因。 相似文献
4.
Ray KA Warnick LD Mitchell RM Kaneene JB Ruegg PL Wells SJ Fossler CP Halbert LW May K 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2007,79(2-4):204-223
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella isolated from dairy herds in New York, Minnesota, Michigan, and Wisconsin, USA. Serogroup and antimicrobial susceptibility characteristics were determined for Salmonella from cattle and environmental samples collected during August 2000–October 2001 as part of a longitudinal study where 129 herds were visited at 2-month intervals. Salmonella isolates were tested (using a broth microdilution method) for susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Of the 1506 isolates tested for minimum inhibitory concentrations to these 14 antimicrobial agents, 81.2% were pan-susceptible and for most herds (81.6%) the predominant antimicrobial resistance pattern was pan-susceptible. At least 1 Salmonella isolate resistant to 5 or more antimicrobial agents was found on 23.6% of herds. This resistance phenotype was most common among serogroups B and E1 and among samples from calves and farmer-designated sick cows. Resistant samples most frequently exhibited resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, and/or ampicillin. No samples were resistant to ceftriaxone (though 13 were in the intermediate range), and very few samples were resistant to ciprofloxacin (n = 1), nalidixic acid (n = 5), or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (n = 7). 相似文献
5.
【目的】为防控鸭源沙门菌感染,本试验针对四川德阳地区鸭源沙门菌的感染情况开展研究。【方法】从该地区3个种鸭场和1个鸭孵化场共采集不同类型样本222份,按国标GB 4789.4－2016方法对沙门菌进行分离鉴定,进一步通过K-B法检测分离菌对14种抗菌药物的敏感性,并对鉴定出的稀有血清型沙门菌进行致病性研究。【结果】疑似沙门菌分离株在BS琼脂上呈黑色、灰色或棕褐色、有金属光泽菌落,在XLD琼脂上呈无色透明、或中心黑色或几乎全黑的菌落。将疑似沙门菌株接种三糖铁琼脂斜面进行生化鉴定,疑似沙门菌分离株均能使三糖铁斜面变为红色,底部变为黄色带黑色,符合沙门菌生化特性。通过PCR对沙门菌特异性基因invA进行扩增,经琼脂糖凝胶电泳后可在500 bp左右观察到目的条带,确认共分离到17株沙门菌,总分离率为7.7%（17/222）,包括鼠伤寒沙门菌、哈托沙门菌和波恩沙门菌3种血清型,其比例分别为47.1%（8/17）、29.4%（5/17）和23.5%（4/17）,优势血清型为鼠伤寒沙门菌。分离菌对β-内酰胺类和氨基糖苷类抗菌药耐药率最高,对氨苄西林和链霉素的耐药率分别为82.4%（14/17）和88.2%（15/17）,对喹诺酮类抗菌药最敏感,其中对萘啶酸100%（17/17）敏感。分离菌存在严重的多重耐药现象,其中耐10种以上（包括10种）抗菌药的6株,占比35.2%,且10种抗菌药分别来自至少6类不同种类抗菌药;耐8种抗菌药物的2株,占比11.8%;耐5~7种抗菌药的6株,占比35.3%;耐2~3种抗菌药物的共3株,占比17.6%。通过寇氏改良法测得稀有血清型菌株H4、B2的LD50分别为3.98×106和1.58×106 CFU,致病性试验结果表明,哈托和波恩沙门菌均能引起小鼠急性死亡,脏器充血、出血,细胞变性等。【结论】本研究成功分离到17株鸭源沙门菌,从鸭中分离到哈托沙门菌在国内外属首次。分离菌具有严重的耐药性和多重耐药现象,2株稀有血清型沙门菌对小鼠的致病力均较强,且致病作用相似。本研究结果可为鸭场沙门菌病的防治提供参考。 相似文献
6.
【目的】研究广东省茂名地区屠宰环节猪肉中携带的沙门氏菌的耐药性和毒力特征,为该地区食源性沙门氏菌的危害评估和防控措施制定提供依据。【方法】从广东省茂名地区屠宰场采集的猪肉、脾脏、肝脏样本中分离到19株沙门氏菌,采用K-B药敏纸片法检测其对β-内酰胺类、氟喹诺酮类、氨基糖苷类、四环素类、酰胺醇类和磺胺类抗菌药物的耐药性,用PCR方法检测β-内酰胺类耐药基因(blaTEM、blaOXA-1、blaSHV)、氟喹诺酮类耐药基因(qnrA、qnrS、qnrB)、氨基糖苷类耐药基因(aadA1、aac(6')-Ⅰb、rmtB)、四环素类耐药基因(tetA、tetB、tetC)、酰胺醇类耐药基因(Cat1、floR)、磺胺类耐药基因(SulⅠ、SulⅡ、SulⅢ)和10种毒力基因(mogA、sseL、mgtC、bcfA、araB、spvR、spvA、spvB、spvC、spvD)的携带情况。【结果】19株沙门氏菌耐药严重,对四环素、多西环素、氯霉素、氟苯尼考、磺胺异噁唑的耐药率均＞50％,对四环素、多西环素和氯霉素的耐药率最高,均为89.5%(17/19),对3种及其以上抗菌药物耐药率为89.5%,最高对11种抗菌药物均有耐药性;blaTEM、qnrA、aadA1、aac(6')-Ⅰb、Cat1、floR、SulⅠ、SulⅢ耐药基因的检出率较高(≥50.0%),blaTEM耐药基因检出率最高为84.2％,同时携带5个及以上耐药基因的菌株占73.7%,最高携带12个耐药基因;mogA、mgtC、bcfA、araB毒力基因均有检出,且检出率均在70％以上,其中mogA基因的检出率高达100%,其余6种毒力基因均未检出。【结论】广东省茂名地区屠宰场猪肉中沙门氏菌多重耐药严重,携带多种耐药基因且具有复杂的基因组合类型,同时携带多种毒力基因。 相似文献
7.
【目的】 分离张家口某地区羊源沙门氏菌并检测其血清型、毒力基因、耐药性及耐药基因，分析分离株表型和基因的相关性和差异性。【方法】 将样品用选择培养基增菌并纯化培养，挑选疑似的沙门氏菌单菌落进行革兰氏染色、镜检和生化鉴定。根据沙门氏菌属特异性基因invA的核苷酸序列进行PCR和血清型鉴定。利用SPF昆明小鼠对分离株进行致病性试验并测定其半数致死量。PCR扩增毒力岛基因hilA、avrA、sseL、ssaQ、mgtC、siiD和sopB，肠毒素基因stn，质粒毒力基因spvR。采用Kirby-Bauer纸片扩散法进行药敏试验，PCR扩增β-内酰胺酶耐药基因blaTEM、blaCMY和blaOXA，氟喹诺酮耐药基因qnrS、oqxA和oqxB，磺胺类耐药基因sul1、sul2和sul3，四环素类耐药基因tetB及氨基糖苷类耐药基因aadA1。根据PCR检测结果，将扩增的毒力基因和耐药基因进行测序，并与NCBI中相应的参照基因进行BLAST比对分析。【结果】 分离得到4株羊源沙门氏菌，血清型鉴定均为鼠伤寒沙门氏菌。分离株对小鼠具有致病性，4株分离株的半数致死量为5.67×107~6.45×107 CFU。分离株可检出毒力岛基因hilA、avrA、sseL、ssaQ、mgtC、siiD和sopB，肠毒素基因stn及质粒毒力基因spvR，检出率均在50%以上。分离株对复方新诺明、利福平、林可霉素、青霉素、氨苄西林耐药，对庆大霉素、环丙沙星敏感。分离株可检出β-内酰胺类耐药基因blaTEM、氟喹诺酮耐药基因qnrS、磺胺类耐药基因sul1和sul2。【结论】 本研究分离的羊源沙门氏菌的毒力表型与染色体和质粒携带的毒力基因有关。分离菌株携带β-内酰胺类、磺胺类耐药基因，与耐药表型相符，临床上可将庆大霉素和环丙沙星作为首选药。 相似文献
8.
Abouzeed YM Hariharan H Poppe C Kibenge FS 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2000,23(4):253-266
Non-typhoid Salmonella serovars remain a potential threat to human health, and beef cattle and broiler chickens are possible sources of these organisms on Prince Edward Island (PEI). In this study, the ceca of beef cattle belonging to fasted and non-fasted groups, and broiler chickens were examined for Salmonella at the time of slaughter. The characteristics of the isolates, including antimicrobial resistance patterns and virulence genes, were studied along with the isolates obtained from cases of human salmonellosis on PEI during the study period (1996–97). The prevalence of Salmonella in beef cattle was 4.6% (11/240). The rate was significantly higher in fasted cattle (7.46%), than in non-fasted cattle (0.94%). The prevalence rate in chickens was 32.5% (39/120). In beef cattle, Salmonella typhimurium phage type (PT) or definitive type (DT) 104 which was resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole and tetracycline, was the most predominant type (64%). In chickens, S. heidelberg, with resistance to gentamicin, streptomycin and sulfisoxazole, predominated. Of 26 isolates from humans, the most common serovar was S. typhimurium, including a multidrug-resistant strain of DT104. Examination by PCR revealed presence of the virulence gene invA in all serovars, and the spvC gene in all S. typhimurium isolates, of both beef cattle and human origin. Among the other serovars the latter gene was found in 7 human isolates, but in none of the chicken or beef isolates. All but 3 of the spvC-positive isolates possessed a 90 kilobasepair (kbp) plasmid suggesting that the 3 isolates had the spvC gene on their chromosome. These findings were confirmed by plasmid DNA isolation using 3 different protocols and by sequence analysis of the spvC-PCR product. 相似文献
9.
SHI Kai-chuang LI Feng-mei ZOU Lian-bin XU Xin-ting WANG Hai-qing ZHONG Cheng 《中国畜牧兽医》2015,42(8):2160-2168
To investigate the situations of predominant strain and antibiotic resistance of pathogenic Salmonella from chickens in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, Salmonella was pre-enriched and isolated from tissues of clinical suspected chickens, and the Salmonella isolates were identified by biochemical test using ID 32E System for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae of VITEK System ATB Expression, serotypes were determined by slid agglutination test, antibiotic susceptibility was analyzed by ATB VET Susceptibility Test Strip of Enterobacteriaceae antibiotics.The results showed that 34 Salmonella strains were obtained from 310 clinical samples, of which 1 strain belonged to A serogroup, 1 to C2 serogroup, 15 to B serogroup, 14 to D serogroup and 3 to untyped serogroup, and S.typhimurium of B serogroup and S.pullorum of D serogroup were the predominant serotypes.All Salmonella isolates were sensitive to meropenem, imipenem, spectinomycine and apramycine, and the resistance rates to chloramphenicol, kanamycine and gentamicine were less than 10%, and the resistance rates to amoxicillin, streptomycine, flumequine, oxolinique, sulfamethizol, tetracycline and nitrofurantoine ranged between 50% and 90%, while the resistance rates to penicilline, oxacilline, fusidique, rifampicine and metronidazole reached to 100%.The results indicated that the serotype distribution of pathogenic Salmonella from chickens exhibited regional characteristics, and S.typhimurium and S.pullorum were the predominant serotypes in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolates was very serious which should be highly concerned. 相似文献
10.
为了解当前广西鸡源致病性沙门氏菌的优势流行菌株及耐药情况,掌握其最新流行特点,本试验采集疑似病鸡的组织病料,对沙门氏菌进行增菌和分离培养,运用VITEK System ATB Expression法ID 32E肠杆菌鉴定试剂条对分离菌株进行生化试验鉴定,应用玻片凝集试验进行血清型鉴定,采用ATB VET药敏试剂条对30种肠杆菌抗菌药物进行药物敏感性试验。结果显示,从310份疑似鸡病料中分离鉴定出34株致病性沙门氏菌;这些分离菌株中有A群1株、C2群1株、B群15株和D群14株,另有3株未定型,其中以B群鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和D群鸡白痢沙门氏菌为优势菌株;34株分离株均对美洛培南、亚胺培南、大观霉素和安普霉素敏感,对氯霉素、卡那霉素、庆大霉素的耐药率小于10%,对阿莫西林、链霉素、氟甲喹、噁喹酸、磺胺甲噁唑、四环素和呋喃妥因耐药率介于50%和90%之间,而对青霉素、苯唑西林、夫西地酸、利福平和甲硝唑的耐药率达到100%,并且存在多重耐药现象。结果表明,鸡源致病性沙门氏菌的流行菌株具有一定的地域性,当前广西以鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和鸡白痢沙门氏菌为主,流行菌株耐药性严重,应高度关注。 相似文献
11.
本研究旨在了解广东省零售市场鸡肉中肯塔基沙门菌的流行情况、耐药水平与耐药基因携带情况。对2016年从广东省五个地级市采集的鸡肉样品进行沙门菌分离鉴定、血清型鉴定、药敏试验、耐药基因的检测和分子分型。结果显示，245份鸡肉样品中沙门菌阳性率为62.04%（152/245），共鉴定出19种血清型，其中主要血清型有阿贡纳（Salmonella Agona，29/152，19.08%）、科瓦利斯（S.Corvallis，25/152，16.45%）以及肯塔基（S.Kentucky，20/152，13.16%）。肯塔基沙门菌药敏试验结果显示对磺胺异噁唑（100%）、萘啶酸（90%）、四环素（75%）、氨苄西林（65%）、头孢他啶（55%）、环丙沙星（55%）的耐药率较高，有85%（17/20）的菌株对3种及3种以上的抗菌药物耐药。对喹诺酮耐药基因的检测结果显示，95%（19/20）的菌株具有gyrA突变（Ser83Phe、Asp87Asn、Asp87Gly），其中有57.89%（11/19）的菌株发生gyrA双突变（Ser83Phe与Asp87Asr、Ser83Phe与Asp87Gly），5.26%（1/19）发生gyrA三突变（Ser83Phe、Asp87Asn、Asp87Gly）；100%（20/20）的菌株具有parC突变（Tyr62Ser、Ser85Ile）。45%（9/20）分离株携带质粒介导的喹诺酮抗性（PMQR）基因（aac（6'）-Ib-cr、qnrB、qnrS、oqxAB），最常见的是aac（6'）-Ib-cr耐药基因。β-内酰胺类耐药基因blaTEM-1、blaOXA-1和blaCTX-M-55的检出率分别为25%、10%和5%。PFGE图谱的聚类分析结果显示，肯塔基沙门菌之间具有不同的亲缘关系与遗传多样性，部分菌株具有高度同源性。肯塔基沙门菌在广东省零售市场鸡肉中是主要的流行血清型之一。其对传统药物磺胺异噁唑、萘啶酸、四环素和氨苄西林耐药较严重，对环丙沙星以及头孢他啶耐药尤其严重，具有多种多重耐药表型。肯塔基沙门菌其喹诺酮耐药决定区突变率高。分子分型揭示了菌株间跨地区传播的可能，为肯塔基沙门菌溯源提供一定的依据。 相似文献
12.
LIU Zheng-ming LI Jin-quan HUANG De-hao HAO Xin-wei HAO Pu-guo WU Li-qin WU Ye-ting YANG Qi-miao ZHAO Hong-xia 《中国畜牧兽医》2017,44(3):839-846
In order to determine the drug resistance phenotype and prevalence of drug resistance genes in Escherichia coli (E.coli) isolated from sheep in Inner Mongolia, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the isolates to antibiotics commonly used in veterinary clinical were detected by micro-dilution method in vitro. The results showed that the highest resistance rates of the isolates to amoxicillin,cephalothin,sulfamethoxazole and polymyxin were up to 100.0%,respectively.To amoxicillin-clavulanic, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin were 50% to 80%. These isolates were sensitive to cefotaxime, meropenem trihydrate, neomycin, and their resistance rates were all less than 10%. Among the 108 strains of E.coli from sheep, 94.4% of them were resistant to more than 7 antimicrobial agents,15.6% of them were resistant to 13 antimicrobial agents, only one strain was sensitive to all antimicrobial agents. Six kinds of resistance genes among the 108 E.coli isolates were detected by PCR method.The results showed that detection rates of 4 kinds of drug resistance genes including blaTEM, proP-2, sul-Ⅰ and ampG were all over 50%,the detection rate of resistance gene aph (3')-Ⅰ was up to 40%, only resistance gene aac(3)-Ⅱ detection rate was 5.5%. Thus, the sheep E.coli isolates in Inner Mongolia produced various degrees of resistance to 13 kinds of antibiotics, and their multi-drug resistances were very serious. They carried aph(3')-Ⅰ, sul-Ⅰ, ampG, blaTEM, proP-2 and aac(3)-Ⅱ resistance genes. 相似文献
13.
San Martín B Lapierre L Toro C Bravo V Cornejo J Hormazabal JC Borie C 《Veterinary microbiology》2005,110(3-4):239-244
The antimicrobial susceptibility of 94 Salmonella strains isolated from different poultry farms in Chile (broiler and laggin hens) were analyzed by the dilution plates method. Thirty-nine of them were resistant to flumequine, nalidixic acid and oxolinic acid with MIC values higher than 64 μg/ml. These quinolone resistant strains were analyzed in order to determine the presence of mutations in the QRDR region of gyrA gene by AS-PCR-RFLP analysis. 51.3% of the strains showed mutations at codon Ser 83 and 41.0% showed mutations at codon Asp 87. No mutations were observed on codon Gly 81. These mutations were confirmed by sequenciation of one representative strain from different RFLP pattern. Likewise, no double mutations were observed. Over 90% of the quinolone resistant strains presented mutations at the QRDR region of the gyrA gene. Three phenotypically resistant strains did not show any mutations on the QRDR region of gyrA gene. However, other molecular resistant mechanism could be involve. This is the first study that demonstrate the emergency of quinolone and fluoroquinolone resistance in Chilean Salmonella strains isolated from poultry thus indicating the requirement of monitoring programmes in veterinary medicine. 相似文献
14.
旨在探究硫酸铜溶液连续诱导对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus，MRSA）抗菌药物抗性及相关基因表达的影响。采用微量肉汤稀释法测定经硫酸铜诱导前后MRSA菌株（MR-YB1224、MR-YS3和MR-P318）对硫酸铜溶液及β-内酰胺类（氨苄西林、苯唑西林和头孢西丁）、氟喹诺酮类（氧氟沙星）、大环内酯类（罗红霉素）和氨基糖苷类（链霉素）等抗菌药物的最小抑菌浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration，MIC）；采用荧光定量PCR方法测定硫酸铜诱导对菌株抗重金属基因（copA和arsB）和耐药基因（mecA，norA，ermB和aac6'/aph2″）表达的影响。连续诱导7 d后，MRSA菌株对硫酸铜溶液的MIC值均增加；特别是对β-内酰胺类抗菌药物的MIC值增加显著（P<0.05）；MRSA菌株对6种抗菌药物MIC值变化大小依次为苯唑西林 > 氨苄西林 > 头孢西丁 > 氧氟沙星 > 链霉素 > 罗红霉素。另外，连续诱导后，MRSA菌株的抗重金属基因和相关耐药基因的表达均显著上调（P<0.05）。本试验结果表明，硫酸铜溶液诱导对MRSA菌株抗菌药物抗性效应具有较强的协同效应。 相似文献
15.
为揭示广东地区鹅场动物和环境源大肠杆菌的耐药情况及超广谱β-内酰胺酶CTX-M的流行与传播特征,本研究从广东省江门及阳江市共10处鹅场采集鹅及环境样品199份,采用MALDI-TOF-MS法分离鉴定大肠杆菌。采用琼脂稀释法对菌株进行耐药性分析,采用PCR法检测头孢噻肟耐药菌中blaCTX-M基因及其基因环境,采用脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）、接合转移和质粒复制子分型等方法探究blaCTX-M基因的传播特征。结果显示,共获得196株大肠杆菌,对氨苄西林、多西环素、氟苯尼考和链霉素耐药率均超过50%,第三代头孢菌素耐药率为10%~25%,其中头孢噻肟耐药菌有49株（24.6%）。阳江地区大肠杆菌对受试药物的耐药率高于江门,且动物源高于环境源,尤其是头孢噻肟和头孢噻呋均存在显著差异（P<0.05）。头孢噻肟耐药菌中共检出19株携带blaCTX-M基因,包括blaCTX-M-55（n=17）、blaCTX-M-27（n=1）和blaCTX-M-65（n=1）,且blaCTX-M基因阳性菌均可对5~11种药物耐药,呈现多重耐药的表型。blaCTX-M-55基因环境均为ISEcp1-blaCTX-M-55-orf477,且在ISEcp1与blaCTX-M基因之间有3种长度的间隔序列;而blaCTX-M-27和blaCTX-M-65的基因环境均为ISEcp1-blaCTX-M-27/65-IS903。19株blaCTX-M基因阳性菌呈现10种PFGE谱型,存在一种主要流行的谱型（47.4%）,其包括多种来源菌株,暗示存在克隆传播现象。12株（63.2%）blaCTX-M基因阳性大肠杆菌中blaCTX-M基因转移成功,blaCTX-M基因阳性接合子携带的复制子型为IncFⅡ（n=10）和IncHⅠ2（n=2）,且存在多西环素和氟苯尼考耐药表型与blaCTX-M基因共转移现象。研究发现,阳江鹅场大肠杆菌耐药情况较为严重,blaCTX-M基因存在一定的流行性且以blaCTX-M-55亚型为主,blaCTX-M基因阳性菌的克隆传播和质粒及插入序列ISEcp1介导的水平传播是导致该基因在鹅场大肠杆菌中扩散的主要原因,应引起高度重视。 相似文献
16.
【目的】确定云南某蛋鸡场送检的疑似沙门氏菌病病料中的主要病原菌种类,并测定其致病性及药物敏感性。【方法】通过细菌分离培养、形态观察、生化试验、血清学鉴定及分子学方法进行细菌分离鉴定;通过对鸡的致病性试验及毒力基因检测分析分离菌的致病性;通过药物敏感性试验检测分离菌耐药情况。【结果】分离菌株在沙门氏菌显色培养基上形成紫色菌落,镜检为革兰氏阴性短杆菌,疑为沙门氏菌,命名为S2;生化试验结果显示,菌株S2赖氨酸脱羧酶、硫化氢、卫矛醇试验结果均为阳性;靛基质、尿素酶、氰化钾、山梨醇、水杨苷、β-半乳糖苷、丙二酸盐生化试验结果均为阴性,判断菌株S2为典型沙门氏菌属;血清学鉴定结果显示,菌株S2属于D群肠炎沙门氏菌,其抗原式为1,9,12:g,m;遗传进化分析结果显示,菌株S2与肠炎沙门氏菌MT621365处于同一分支,自展值为99%;致病性试验结果表明,分离菌株对雏鸡有较强的致病性,感染6 d后雏鸡全部死亡(10/10);毒力基因检测结果显示,菌株S2携带invJ、hilA、ssaB、misL、mgtC、orf319、sopB、spvA、spvB、spvC、spvR、stn和fimA毒力基因,不携带sopA、fliC毒力基因;菌株S2对多数抗菌药敏感程度很高,对阿莫西林-克拉维酸、头孢西丁、四环素等12种抗菌药均敏感,对甲氧嘧啶、复方新诺明和林可霉素耐药。【结论】本研究分离到了1株肠炎沙门氏菌,其毒力较强,可造成雏鸡较高的死亡率,对大部分常用抗菌药敏感,对甲氧嘧啶、复方新诺明和林可霉素具有耐药性。本研究结果可为沙门氏菌病的临床诊断和药物有效性评价提供一定参考依据。 相似文献
17.
Zou LK Wang HN Zeng B Zhang AY Li JN Li XT Tian GB Wei K Zhou YS Xu CW Yang ZR 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,149(1-2):139-146
Little is known about the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in Klebsiella pneumoniae from swine in China. Thus, this paper aims to demonstrate the β-lactam resistance phenotypes and genotypes of K. pneumoniae isolates from swine in southwestern China, detect possible new β-lactamase variants, and determine whether or not the variants differ in their antibiotic resistance. Isolates from 58 unrelated diseased swine were collected from 61 pig farms in southwestern China from 2007 to 2009. Among the 58 isolates, 75.8-100% were resistant to β-lactam, 62.0-68.97% to fluoroquinolone, 44.8-46.55% to aminoglycoside, and 8.62-17.24% to β-lactam inhibitors. PCR amplification and DNA sequencing showed that bla(TEM-1) was detected in 100% (n=58) of the isolates, bla(SHV) in 82.76% (n=48), bla(CTX-M) in 39.66% (n=23), and bla(OKP) in 17.24% (n=10). The bla(SHV) types included bla(SHV-1), bla(SHV-11), bla(SHV-12), and bla(SHV-27). None of the isolates harbored bla(KPC), bla(LEN), or bla(GES) gene. Four novel variants (bla(OKP-A-13), bla(OKP-A-14), bla(OKP-A-15), and bla(OKP-A-16)) were identified among the 10 OKP β-lactamase-producing K. pneumoniae isolates resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, oxacillin, cefalexin, and cefadroxil. Plasmid analysis and PCR amplification indicated that bla(TEM-1) genes were detected in the total plasmid. Molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of 10 distinct pulsotypes of OKP producer isolates. Plasmid DNA digested with XbaI yielded two to six bands of ca. 0.15-30 kb. Transformants of the 10 OKP producer isolates showed no differences in their antibiotic susceptibility, except for the pulsotype B transformant, which carried bla(CTX-M). In China, β-lactam resistance appeared to be common among K. pneumoniae isolates from swine, suggesting that K. pneumoniae may be a reservoir for the dissemination of β-lactam resistance among Chinese pig farms. 相似文献
18.
年上海河北地区奶牛乳房炎克雷伯菌分离鉴定及耐药性分析 《畜牧与饲料科学》2019,40(1):108-112
为了摸清上海和河北地区奶牛乳房炎的主要致病菌克雷伯菌的分离率及其耐药情况,对采集自上海和河北两地的乳房炎患病奶牛乳样进行克雷伯菌的分离培养和形态学、分子生物学鉴定,并选择临床常用的抗生素对分离得到的克雷伯菌进行药敏试验。经革兰染色、镜检以及分子生物学鉴定发现,采集自上海地区的100份乳房炎患病奶牛乳样中有18份乳样存在克雷伯菌,分离率为18%;采集自河北地区的100份乳房炎患病奶牛乳样中有14份乳样存在克雷伯菌,分离率为14%;且上海和河北地区2017年下半年乳房炎患病奶牛乳样中克雷伯菌分离率均高于上半年。药敏试验结果表明,该试验分离得到的克雷伯菌对所测试的抗生素存在不同程度的耐药性,其中,单一耐药菌株占21.88%,多重耐药菌株占53.13%,全部敏感的菌株占12.50%。由该试验结果可以得出,上海、河北地区奶牛发生的乳房炎是与克雷伯菌感染有关;且分离得到的克雷伯菌对临床常用的抗生素存在不同程度的耐药性。在动物生产和兽医临床上应及时监控克雷伯菌的流行趋势和耐药性变迁,并合理使用抗生素以减少耐药菌株的产生。 相似文献
19.
为探究目前海南地区罗非鱼无乳链球菌病的流行性,了解该地区无乳链球菌耐药情况,本研究2020年8月从海南地区部分渔业养殖场的病鱼中共分离获得15株无乳链球菌,对各分离菌株的血清型、主要毒力基因及耐药性进行检测,并对多重耐药情况进行分析。血清型检测结果显示,15株分离菌株的血清型与对照菌株A909一致,均为Ⅰa型。毒力基因检测结果显示,15株分离菌株均未检出毒力基因scpB,但该毒力基因在参考菌株人源无乳链球菌2603V/R中检出,而主要毒力基因cylE、sodA、gapC的检出率均为100%。药敏试验结果表明,15株分离菌株对甲氧胺嘧啶、磺胺异噁唑、复方新诺明、链霉素、新霉素、庆大霉素的耐药率达85%以上;对头孢克洛、头孢曲松、头孢哌酮、头孢拉定、卡那霉素、红霉素、利福平、克林霉素敏感性达80%以上;未发现对甲氧胺嘧啶、氟罗沙星、链霉素、新霉素、庆大霉素敏感的菌株。多重耐药检测结果表明,15株分离菌株均至少对4种药物表现耐药,其中6重及以上耐药的菌株占总分离菌株数的86.67%,并有2株为13重耐药菌株。本研究为海南地区鱼源无乳链球菌病的用药提供参考,为华南地区罗非鱼无乳链球菌的流行病学和疾病防控提供调查依据。 相似文献
20.
旨在调查和分析广东省养禽场肠球菌的亚型屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌耐药性及其毒力因子流行分布特征,为控制禽源肠球菌耐药性传播、保障公共卫生安全提供理论依据。作者于2018年从广东省4个养禽场采集肠道样品493份,进行屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌的分离鉴定;采用琼脂二倍稀释法测定肠球菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）;PCR方法检测肠球菌的耐药基因和毒力基因。结果显示：1）共分离到125株肠球菌,其中粪肠球菌84株（鸡源66株,鸭源18株）;屎肠球菌41株,均来自鸡肠道样本。2）菌株对四环素、多西环素、红霉素几乎全部耐药,对氟苯尼考和氯霉素的耐药率高达89.60%和74.40%。屎肠球菌耐药率普遍高于粪肠球菌,而粪肠球菌对环丙沙星和利奈唑胺的耐药率高于屎肠球菌;鸭源粪肠球菌对利奈唑胺的耐药率（94%）显著高于鸡源粪肠球菌（39.4%）,屎肠球菌对利奈唑胺均敏感。从鸡分离的1株粪肠球菌对万古霉素耐药。3）耐药基因在屎肠球菌中的检出率高于粪肠球菌,鸭源分离株检出率高于鸡源。耐药基因tetL、fexA、ermB最为流行,检出率均高于90%。其次是optrA基因,检出率为73.60%,poxtA和fexB的检出率均低于20%。在3株鸭源粪肠球菌中检测出cfr基因。4）已检测的毒力基因中efaA的携带率最高,为63.04%（58/92）,其他依次为gelE（54.35%,50/92）、ace（47.83%,44/92）、asa1（44.57%,41/92）。对环丙沙星及高浓度氨基糖苷类耐药的菌株及携带cfr基因的菌株,大多携带agg、asal、gelE或ace。本研究显示养殖场禽源肠球菌耐药严重,鸭源肠球菌对利奈唑胺耐药率高,耐药基因和毒力基因流行且多样,且检测出人医临床重要抗生素耐药基因,应加强对养禽场肠球菌耐药性监测。 相似文献