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1.
黑龙江省马铃薯晚疫病菌交配型及对甲霜灵敏感性测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
马铃薯晚疫病(late blight)是由致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans)引起的马铃薯生产中最具毁灭性的病害,明确晚疫病菌的交配型及对甲霜灵敏感性状况对制定马铃薯晚疫病防治策略具有重要意义。本研究对2011—2013年采自黑龙江省黑河、齐齐哈尔、绥化等马铃薯主产区的晚疫病菌菌株进行交配型及对甲霜灵敏感性测定,采用对峙培养法对153株晚疫病菌进行交配型检测,结果表明,A1交配型79株,占51.63%,A2交配型74株,占48.37%;采用菌落直径法对143株晚疫病菌进行甲霜灵敏感性测定,结果表明,83.92%表现高抗,8.39%表现中抗,7.69%表现敏感。 相似文献
2.
2003 ~2004年从内蒙古和黑龙江省共采集分离了127株马铃薯晚疫病菌Phytophthora infestans,并在离体条件下测定了这些菌株对甲霜灵和霜脲氰的敏感性。结果表明:在2003年分离的内蒙菌株、2003年及2004年分离的黑龙江菌株中对甲霜灵敏感(MS)的菌株频率分别为86.2%、13.8%、17.8%;虽然霜脲氰在这些地区使用近10年,但病菌群体对该药剂的敏感性没有下降,EC50值分布于0.10 ~0.35 μg/mL之间,平均EC50值为0.20(±0.06)μg/mL,不同敏感性的菌株频率呈连续的单峰曲线分布,未出现敏感性下降的抗药性亚群体,可作为马铃薯晚疫病菌对霜脲氰抗药性监测的敏感性基线;此外,马铃薯晚疫病菌对甲霜灵和霜脲氰之间没有交互抗药性,霜脲氰对抗甲霜灵和野生敏感菌株具有相同的活性。 相似文献
3.
马铃薯晚疫病菌对烯酰吗啉的敏感性基线及其室内抗药突变体的研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
2003-2004年在内蒙古和黑龙江省共分离获得100株马铃薯晚疫病菌,并测定了这些菌株对烯酰吗啉和甲霜灵的敏感性。结果表明,不同地区、不同年份的马铃薯晚疫病菌对烯酰吗啉的敏感性无显著差异,其敏感性呈连续的单峰曲线分布,EC50在0.0631-0.2206μg/mL之间,最不敏感菌株是最敏感菌株的3.1倍,平均为(0.1153±0.0308)μg/mL,未出现敏感性下降的抗药性亚群体,因此可作为马铃薯晚疫病菌对烯酰吗啉的敏感性基线;64%的供试菌株对甲霜灵的敏感性下降,甲霜灵与烯酰吗啉之间不存在交互抗药性。采用紫外线诱变菌丝的方法仅从3个菌株中的1个菌株获得了3%突变频率的抗烯酰吗啉突变体,抗性倍数为1.5-1.9,没有获得高抗药水平的突变体。这些突变体与氟吗啉之间具有正交互抗药性,而与霜脲氰或嘧菌酯之间无交互抗药性;与野生亲本菌株相比,抗药突变体的生长速率和产孢子囊能力显著下降,不利于抗药群体的发展。但由于马铃薯晚疫病菌被杀菌剂抗性行动委员会认为是高抗药性风险病原菌,建议生产上应将烯酰吗啉与其它无交互抗性的药剂交替使用或混合使用,以避免或延缓抗药性的产生。 相似文献
4.
2009年黑龙江和吉林省马铃薯晚疫病菌表型结构研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为明确2009年黑龙江和吉林两省马铃薯主产区晚疫病菌的表型特征,本研究对所采晚疫病菌的交配型、甲霜灵抗性及生理小种分别进行了测定.结果表明:被测黑龙江(46株)和吉林(48株)两省的菌株均为 A1 交配型.黑龙江省被测菌株甲霜灵高抗、敏感菌株各占50％;吉林省被测菌株中高抗、敏感菌株分别占70.8％、29.2％;两省均未发现中抗菌株.其中采自吉林敦化菌株均为高抗菌株,采自吉林榆树的菌株均为敏感菌株,甲霜灵抗/感比例地区间差异明显.在被测33个黑龙江菌株中发现24个生理小种,而吉林49个菌株中发现19个生理小种,其中9个生理小种两省共有.另外,两省被测菌株中还发现了18株“超级毒力小种”.因此,建议加强种薯监测,防止 A2交配型传入;在生产上使用甲霜灵类药剂防治马铃薯晚疫病应该以菌株的抗性监测数据为依据;进一步加强生理小种监测,合理布局抗病品种. 相似文献
5.
马铃薯晚疫病菌对甲霜灵抗性机制的初步研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
选取对甲霜灵敏感、中抗和高抗的马铃薯晚疫病菌(Phytophthora infestans)菌株各2株,采用电导率法和同位素掺入法,研究了甲霜灵对马铃薯晚疫病菌不同抗药性水平菌株细胞膜通透性和RNA聚合酶活性的影响,借助液相色谱分析方法检测了不同抗药性水平菌株对甲霜灵的降解作用。结果表明:甲霜灵对马铃薯晚疫病菌不同抗药性水平菌株的细胞膜通透性没有明显影响;随着甲霜灵浓度提高,敏感菌株的RNA聚合酶活性受到显著抑制,10μg/mL甲霜灵对敏感菌株RNA聚合酶活性的抑制率达到40%以上,而10和100μg/mL甲霜灵对高抗菌株的RNA聚合酶活性只表现轻微的抑制作用,抑制作用分别小于8%和21%,甲霜灵对中抗菌株RNA聚合酶活性的抑制作用介于对敏感菌株和高抗菌株的抑制作用之间。抗性菌株对甲霜灵有一定的降解作用,培养30d后高抗菌株HL105和SC1的降解率分别达到13.46%和16.14%。 相似文献
6.
福建省致病疫霉交配型分布及对甲霜灵的抗药性 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
为明确福建省致病疫霉Phytophthora infestans(Mont.)de Bary交配型分布及对甲霜灵的抗性情况,对1999～2002年分离的致病疫霉进行了交配型和抗药性水平测定.发现福建省同时存在致病疫霉的A1、A2两种交配型菌株,被测定的89个菌株中,73个菌株为A1交配型,16个为A2交配型,分别占82.1%和17.9%;对甲霜灵抗药性测定表明,高抗、中抗和敏感菌株分别占36.0%、48.3%、15.7%,不同菌株对甲霜灵的敏感程度差异很大;离体测定对甲霜灵的敏感性表明,1.0μg/mL甲霜灵对敏感菌株的平均防治效果为68.7%,而500μg/mL浓度对高抗菌株的防治效果仅为69.7%,说明致病疫霉对甲霜灵产生高抗药性. 相似文献
7.
为探明北方一季作区马铃薯晚疫病菌(Phytophthora infestans)对氟吡菌胺抗性发生动态,2012~2016年自河北、内蒙古、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江等地区采集分离到马铃薯晚疫病菌520个菌株,采用菌丝生长速率法检测供试菌株对氟吡菌胺的敏感性,并以茎叶喷雾法评价9种生产上常用药剂对马铃薯晚疫病的田间防治效果。结果表明,河北、内蒙古、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江等马铃薯一季作区晚疫病菌对氟吡菌胺敏感性趋于下降,普遍产生低水平抗性,平均抗性倍数为3.45,平均抗性指数为0.48;所有供试菌株中抗性菌株频率占90.80%,其中低抗菌株占90.35%,2016年首次检测到3株中抗菌株。2016、2017连续两年田间药效试验结果显示,按推荐剂量施药4次,687.5 g·L-1氟吡菌胺·霜霉威盐酸盐SC对晚疫病防治效果显著高于68%精甲霜·锰锌WG、80%代森锰锌WP、250 g·L-1嘧菌酯SC、500 g·L-1氟啶胺SC,但2017年防效略低于2016年,由89.5%降至86.0%。氟吡菌胺的混剂687.5 g·L-1氟吡菌胺·霜霉威盐酸盐SC仍然是目前防治晚疫病效果较好的药剂,但生产中需密切监测马铃薯晚疫病菌对氟吡菌胺的田间抗性发生动态,实施抗药性治理对策,即限制每个生长季节687.5 g·L-1氟吡菌胺·霜霉威盐酸盐SC的施用次数,将687.5 g·L-1氟吡菌胺·霜霉威盐酸盐SC与不同作用机理的高效内吸性杀菌剂交替使用。 相似文献
8.
北方五省(区)马铃薯晚疫病菌对甲霜灵和精甲霜灵的敏感性检测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了明确我国不同地区马铃薯晚疫病菌对甲霜灵和精甲霜灵的抗性状况,2007-2009年从河北、黑龙江、吉林、辽宁和内蒙古马铃薯主产区采集马铃薯晚疫病菌,采用菌丝生长速率法和叶盘漂浮法测定其对甲霜灵的敏感性,采用叶盘漂浮法测定其对精甲霜灵的敏感性.结果表明:以菌丝生长速率法检测的380株晚疫病菌中和以叶盘漂浮法检测的222株晚疫病菌中对甲霜灵的抗性菌株分别占80％和73.5％;菌丝生长速率法检测结果显示,河北省对甲霜灵的抗性菌株所占频率从2007年的100％降为2008年的66.4％,2009年又回升至74.2％,而吉林和黑龙江两省对甲霜灵的抗性菌株分布频率呈上升趋势.叶盘漂浮法检测的95个菌株中对精甲霜灵的抗性菌株占54.5％,其中河北省40个菌株对精甲霜灵的中间型菌株占优势(62.5％),抗性菌株仅占34.9％,而其他4省55个菌株对精甲霜灵的抗性菌株占优势(69.1％).受检测的北方五省(区)马铃薯晚疫病菌群体中对甲霜灵和精甲霜灵的抗性菌株已占优势,马铃薯晚疫病菌已普遍对甲霜灵及精甲霜灵产生抗性.在对甲霜灵和精甲霜灵普遍产生抗性的地区,应优先选用与甲霜灵、精甲霜灵作用机理不同的药剂防治马铃薯晚疫病. 相似文献
9.
为明确中国福建省番茄灰霉病菌对氟啶胺的敏感性及其与不同杀菌剂的交互抗性,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了106株采自福建省主要番茄产区的番茄灰霉病菌对氟啶胺的敏感性。结果表明,氟啶胺对福建省番茄灰霉病菌菌丝生长的EC50值在0.0037～0.0452 μg/mL之间,平均值为（0.0221 ±0.0098）μg/mL,其敏感性频率分布呈连续单峰曲线,符合正态分布,因此可将该EC50平均值（0.0221±0.0098）μg/mL作为福建省番茄灰霉病菌对氟啶胺的敏感基线,用于其田间抗药性监测。从106株菌株中选择15株对氟啶胺敏感性不同的菌株,测定了其对嘧霉胺、异菌脲、腐霉利和啶氧菌酯的敏感性。结果表明,供试5种杀菌剂对15株番茄灰霉病菌菌丝生长的平均抑制活性依次为氟啶胺 >异菌脲 >腐霉利 >啶氧菌酯 >嘧霉胺,氟啶胺与异菌脲、腐霉利、啶氧菌酯和嘧霉胺之间均不存在交互抗性。 相似文献
10.
为评价灰霉病菌对氟啶胺的敏感性及抗药性风险，本试验于2020年-2021年在吉林、江西、湖北、山东、北京、湖南等地区的草莓、辣椒、四季豆、茄子和番茄上采集病叶、病茎、病花和病果，经单孢分离获得117个灰葡萄孢Botrytis cinerea菌株，采用菌丝生长速率法测定其对氟啶胺的敏感性。结果表明：有4株灰葡萄孢BJ14、BJ45、BJ46和BJ47对氟啶胺的敏感性显著降低，EC50在0.113 7～0.394 6μg/mL,抗性倍数为4.7～16.3,MIC值>4μg/mL。其余113个菌株对氟啶胺的平均EC50为0.025 1μg/mL。敏感性降低的4个菌株继代培养10代后，抗药性状稳定。交互抗性测定结果表明，对氟啶胺敏感性下降的菌株对腐霉利和咯菌腈2种杀菌剂表现为敏感，氟啶胺与腐霉利或咯菌腈没有交互抗性。生物学性状研究表明，4株敏感性下降菌株在PDA平板上的生长速率和在番茄果实上的致病力都显著低于敏感菌株，而菌丝生物量、产孢量和孢子萌发率与敏感菌株无显著差异。以上研究结果表明，田间已存在对氟啶胺敏感性降低的菌株，鉴于灰葡萄孢属于高风... 相似文献
11.
六省市致病疫霉交配型及其对几种杀菌剂的敏感性 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
测定了2000-2002年采自四川、重庆、吉林、黑龙江、福建、北京六省(市)致病疫霉菌株的交配型及其对几种杀菌剂的敏感性。结果显示,来自六省市的74个菌株中73株为典型的A1交配型,1株采自四川的菌株为可自育的A1交配型,未发现A2交配型。测定的37株代表菌中,对甲霜灵表现敏感、中抗、高抗的分别占27.0％、27.0％和46.0％。吉林、福建、黑龙江及重庆都存在高抗菌株。研究中还发现甲霜灵可促进部分抗性菌株的菌丝生长。随机抽取15个对甲霜灵表现敏感、中抗和高抗的菌株,测定其对几种杀菌剂的敏感性,结果全部对腈嘧菌酯和烯酰吗啉表现敏感;其中2株对丙酰胺表现敏感,11株表现中抗,2株表现高抗。结果也显示:烯酰吗啉和腈嘧菌酯与甲霜灵之间不存在交互抗性,具有应用潜力。 相似文献
12.
昆明桃园梨小食心虫发生规律 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2011-2013年对昆明桃园梨小食心虫发生规律及为害特点进行了系统调查研究。结果表明:3年来昆明地区梨小食心虫发生趋势基本一致,但各年度发生的大高峰期有差异,2012年成虫发生大高峰期为越冬代、第一代;2013年成虫发生大高峰期在第二、三代,这与当时的温度、降水量有很大关系。昆明梨小食心虫一年发生4代,越冬代成虫发生高峰期在3月中旬至4月上旬,第一代发生高峰期在5月上旬至6月中旬,越冬代、第一代主要为害桃树新梢,新植桃园幼虫更趋向在低龄桃树为害,幼虫蛀梢的高峰期在成虫羽化高峰期后15~30d;第二、三代发生高峰期在7月上旬至9月下旬,世代重叠明显,后两代主要为害果实。经饲养观察,桃园梨小食心虫性比[♀/(♀+♂)]为0.57~0.64,幼虫被天敌寄生率为26.9%,幼虫蛀果率为1.25%~5%。 相似文献
13.
ABSTRACT A wide range of commercially formulated fungicides cause in vitro effects on mating behavior in specific isolates of Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight of potato and tomato. Four isolates of P. infestans representing each of the four common US genotypes, US-1, US-6, US-7, and US-8 and varying in their sensitivity to metalaxyl, were exposed to a variety of fungicides used to control late blight in petri dish assays at concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 mug a.i./ml. Exposure of each of these normally heterothallic single mating type isolates of P. infestans to 9 of the 11 commercial fungicide formulations tested resulted in the formation of oospores after 2 to 4 weeks. The highest numbers of oospores were formed on media amended with Ridomil 2E (metalaxyl) and Ridomil Gold EC (mefenoxam) at 0.1 to 10 mug a.i./ml, averaging as many as 471 and 450 oospores per petri dish, respectively. Several other fungicides including Maneb, Manzate (Mancozeb), Curzate (cymoxanil + mancozeb), and Acrobat MZ (dimethomorph + mancozeb) also induced oospore formation, producing from 0 to 200 oospores per plate at fungicide concentrations from 0.1 to 10 mug a.i./ml. The metalaxyl resistant isolates formed oospores in response to the fungicides more often than the metalaxyl sensitive isolates. No oospores were formed on media amended with Bravo (chlorothalonil) or Tattoo C (chlorothalonil + propamocarb HCl) and these compounds completely suppressed growth of the isolates at 0.1 and 1 mug a.i./ml. Three metalaxyl resistant A2 isolates mated with both A1 and A2 isolates after exposure to the fungicides Ridomil 2E and Ridomil Gold EC. Alterations in mating type expression were also observed in a metalaxyl sensitive A1 isolate after exposure to Benlate (benomyl). Copious amounts of chemicals are applied annually to potato and tomato production areas to control late blight. Our results indicate that a wide range of chemically diverse fungicides can induce normally heterothallic metalaxyl resistant isolates of P. infestans to form oospores in vitro after short exposures to the fungicides. 相似文献
14.
This study was conducted on potato late blight samples collected for monitoring early attacks in Finland from 1997 to 2000. Most of the 1726 Phytophthora infestans isolates were collected soon after the onset of the epidemics. Most of the isolates were tested for mating type as well as metalaxyl and propamocarb hydrochloride (HCl) sensitivity, while virulence on potato R-gene differentials and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype were determined for a subset of the isolates. In half of the fields from which more than one isolate was tested, both mating types were detected, indicating strong potential for sexual reproduction. The mating types coexisted more often in organic fields or gardens than in conventional fields. The proportion of A1 mating type decreased from approximately 80% (1997 and 1998) to 22% by the year 2000. Simultaneously, the proportion of isolates resistant to metalaxyl decreased from approximately 40% to 16%. Resistance to metalaxyl was confined to the IIa mtDNA haplotype and clearly associated with the A1 mating type, as resistance was 10 times more common among A1 isolates than among A2 isolates. Resistance to metalaxyl therefore probably derives from common descent from an isolate with the IIa haplotype. Most of the regional variation in metalaxyl sensitivity was also linked to mating type, as both metalaxyl resistance and the A1 mating type were most common in the north and south-west of Finland. In contrast to metalaxyl, only three propamocarb-HCl-insensitive isolates were found, but propamocarb-HCl sensitivity decreased significantly during the study. 相似文献
15.
Phenotypic variation within a clonal lineage of Phytophthora infestans infecting both tomato and potato in Nicaragua 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Blandón-Díaz JU Widmark AK Hannukkala A Andersson B Högberg N Yuen JE 《Phytopathology》2012,102(3):323-330
Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is a constraint to both potato and tomato crops in Nicaragua. The hypothesis that the Nicaraguan population of P. infestans is genotypically and phenotypically diverse and potentially subdivided based on host association was tested. A collection of isolates was analyzed using genotypic markers (microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA haplotype) and phenotypic markers (mating type, virulence, and fungicide sensitivity). The genotypic analysis revealed no polymorphism in 121 of 132 isolates of P. infestans tested. Only the Ia haplotype and the A2 mating type were detected. Most of the tested isolates were resistant to metalaxyl. The virulence testing showed variation among isolates of P. infestans. No evidence was found of population differentiation among potato and tomato isolates of P. infestans based on the genotypic and phenotypic analysis. We conclude that the Nicaraguan population of P. infestans consists of a single clonal lineage (NI-1) which belongs to the A2 mating type and the Ia mitochondrial DNA haplotype. Moreover, based on the markers used, this population of P. infestans does not resemble the population in countries from which potato seed is imported to Nicaragua or the population in neighboring countries. The data presented here indicate that the NI-1 clonal lineage is the primary pathogen on both potato and tomato, and its success on both host species is unique in a South American context. 相似文献
16.
福建省致病疫霉交配型、甲霜灵敏感性及生理小种组成分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为明确福建省致病疫霉的群体结构及其变化特点,对2001—2007年分离自11个市(县)的番茄和马铃薯产区的致病疫霉菌株进行交配型、甲霜灵敏感性及生理小种测定。交配型测定的187个菌株中,181株为A1交配型,1株为A2交配型,1株为A1,A2交配型,1株为自育交配型,其余3株交配型未知。对187个菌株的甲霜灵敏感性测定结果表明,高抗、中抗和敏感菌株分别占97.3%、2.1%、0.5%。生理小种测定结果表明,供试的11个抗性基因均可被克服,其毒性频率在3.3%～100%之间,51个菌株存在30个生理小种,其中小种3.7出现频率最高,为13.7%,是福建省优势生理小种类型;其次为小种3.4.7,发生频率为9.8%。 相似文献
17.
ABSTRACT Phytophthora infestans causes a destructive disease on tomato and potato. In North Carolina (NC) potatoes are mostly grown in the east, whereas tomatoes are grown in the mountainous areas in the western part of the state. Five genotypes of P. infestans were identified from 93 and 157 isolates collected from tomato and potato over a 5 year period between 1993 and 1998. All isolates collected from potato in eastern NC were the US-8 genotype, whereas only a single isolate was the US-1 genotype. Tuber blight was found on immature daughter tubers in a single field in 1997, however infection on mature tubers was not observed. Within potato fields, a range of sensitivity to metalaxyl was observed among isolates but all were either intermediate or highly resistant to the fungicide. In contrast, isolates from tomatoes included previously reported US-7 and US-8 genotypes and two new genotypes called US-18 and US-19 (A2 mating type, allozyme genotype Gpi 100/100 and Pep 92/100). These genotypes had unique restriction fragment length polymorphism banding patterns, were sensitive to metalaxyl, and have not been reported elsewhere. All genotypes, with the exception of the US-1, were the Ia mitochondrial haplotype. Thus, isolates of P. infestans from tomato were more genetically diverse over time in NC than those from potato and include two new genotypes that are sensitive to metalaxyl. 相似文献