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1.
We studied some behavioural, clinical, biochemical and haematological variables in Desert (Najdi) sheep and goats subjected to the acute stressful stimulus of isolation from the flock, and the influence of pretreatment with xylazine (n = 6) or sodium betaine (n = 6). The isolation stress resulted in increased vocalization and in variable and statistically nonsignificant increases in heart, pulse and respiratory rates. Isolation caused significant increases in the plasma concentrations of cortisol (from about 35.2 to about 83.8 mmol/L) and glucose (from 3.1 to 4.2 mmol/L), and a decrease in that of magnesium (from 0.82 to 0.65 mmol/L). The endogenous thiocyanate concentration was unaffected. The isolation stress also significantly decreased the haematocrit (PCV), and the number of lymphocytes, and increased the concentration of haemoglobin. Pretreatment of sheep and goats with xylazine at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg by the intravenous route significantly ameliorated the effects induced by the stressful stimulus. The effects of pretreatment of the two species with sodium betaine (10 mg/kg) produced variable and nonsignificant effects. There were no significant differences between sheep and goats in the responses to the isolation stress, except in vocalization, which was greater in sheep than in goats.  相似文献   

2.
Some behavioral, clinical, biochemical and haematological parameters were studied in Desert (Najdi) sheep and goats subjected to the acute and unavoidable stressful stimuli of immobilization. The effect of pretreatment with xylazine (n = 6) or sodium betaine (n = 6) on the responses of these animals has also been investigated. The immobilization stress resulted in increased vocalization and in variable and statistically insignificant increases in heart pulse and respiratory rates. In the two species, immobilization stress significantly elevated the plasma concentration of cortisol (from about 35.2 to about 83.8 mmol/L) and glucose (from 3.1 to 4.6 mmol/L), and decreased the concentration of magnesium (from 0.81 to 0.65 mmol/L). The endogenous thiocyanate concentration was unaffected. The immobilization stress also insignificantly decreased the haematocrit (PCV), and the number of lymphocytes, and increased the concentration of haemoglobin. Pretreatment of sheep and goats with xylazine at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg, via the intravenous route significantly alleviated the effects induced by the stressful stimulus. Pretreatment of the two species with sodium betaine (10 mg/kg/day for 3 days), however, produced variable and insignificant effects. There were no significant differences between sheep and goats in the responses to the immobilization stress, except in vocalization, which was more pronounced in sheep than in goats.  相似文献   

3.
The present work investigates some clinical, endocrinological, biochemical and haematological variables in desert sheep and goats stressed in the course of individual road transportation, and the influence thereon of pretreatment with an established anti-stressor drug, xylazine HCl, and a test compound, sodium betaine (trimethylglycine). Road transportation for 2h resulted in variable and statistically insignificant increases in heart, pulse and respiratory rates in both control and experimental animals. Transportation stress significantly increased the concentrations of plasma cortisol, and glucose, and decreased that of magnesium. The endogenous thiocyanate concentration was unaffected. The stress also insignificantly decreased the haematocrit (PCV), and the number of lymphocytes, and increased the concentration of haemoglobin. Pretreatment of sheep and goats with xylazine at a single dose of 0.01 mg/kg by the intravenous route significantly ameliorated the effects induced by the stressful stimulus. The effects of pretreatment of the two species with sodium betaine (10 mg/kg) produced variable and insignificant effects.  相似文献   

4.
Avermectin endectocides are very effective and safe veterinary drugs, when used at recommended doses. Adverse reactions are described in some species and breeds of animals. In this study, the effects of therapeutic doses of abamectin and doramectin on some haematological and biochemical parameters in Istrian Pramenka sheep are discussed. In the pilot trial, we compared selected haematological and blood biochemical parameters of an experimental sheep flock (40 sheep) with the reference values. Then, two groups of 12 sheep (and their suckling lambs) were chosen from the experimental sheep flock. Each group was subdivided into a control (six animals) and treated (six sheep and their six suckling lambs) groups. We compared haematological and biochemical parameters between control and treated group before subcutaneous administration of abamectin or doramectin (0.2 mg/kg b.w.) and on days 15 and 42 after treatment. In addition, animals were observed for neurological signs. We detected some significant differences (P < 0.05) in some haematological and biochemical parameters between control and treated animals, but none of them appeared to be of clinical importance. No neurological symptoms were observed. Therefore, abamectin and doramectin might be well tolerated in Istrian Pramenka sheep.  相似文献   

5.
The haematological and biochemical changes associated with racing over 235 and 420 metres were studied in 23 greyhounds. Blood samples were collected while the dogs were resting and immediately after and 30 minutes after racing. Significant increases in red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit occurred. The increase in haematocrit was accompanied by increases in total plasma protein and creatinine concentrations. Blood lactate increased to 11.4 and 13.2 mmol/litre over 235 and 420 metres, respectively, and plasma glucose increased to 7.9 and 8.2 mmol/litre. After the 420 metres, the mean plasma ammonia concentration was 256 mumol/litre. Plasma free fatty acid concentrations also increased after dogs had run both distances. The highest concentrations of glycerol and uric acid were found 30 minutes after exercise.  相似文献   

6.
从青海海西州茶卡种羊场随机抽取10只青海半细毛羊,采集空腹颈静脉血样分析其血钙、血磷、血清碱性磷酸酶和羟脯氨酸等一系列反映钙磷营养的敏感生化指标,测定系骨组织的稳定化学指标。结果表明,4月、8月、10月绵羊血清钙分别为1.90mmol/L,2.24mmol/L和2.06mmol/L,均低于绵羊血钙正常范围下限;血清无机磷为3.04mmol/L,3.42mmol/L和2.70mmol/L,均在正常范围内;骨中钙/灰分8月和10月测定值低于正常值;骨磷/灰分3次测定值均高于正常值;骨钙/磷夏季(1.71∶1)最高,秋季(0.84∶1)最低,都小于正常参考值2∶1。由此可见:柴达木盆地半荒漠放牧绵羊钙处于不足状态,磷素基本能满足机体需要。  相似文献   

7.
本试验探索了油菜秆颗粒料对湖羊生产性能、瘤胃发酵参数及血液生化指标的影响。试验选取30只6月龄体重为(32.33±1.65) kg的健康公湖羊,按体重配对设计分为2组,对照组和试验组分别饲喂花生藤颗粒饲料和油菜秆颗粒饲料,试验期52 d。测定了日增重、饲料转化效率、瘤胃发酵参数、饲料表观消化率及血液生化指标。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组湖羊的干物质采食量(1.37 kg对1.47 kg)显著低于对照组(P<0.05),日增重基本一致(147 g对143 g);试验组瘤胃液中总VFA(102.27 mmol/L对90.44 mmol/L)(P<0.05)、丙酸(17.08 mmol/L对13.79 mmol/L)(P<0.01)、丁酸(11.97 mmol/L对10.31 mmol/L)(P<0.01)、氨态氮浓度(15.90 mg/dL对11.33 mg/dL)(P<0.01)的含量显著升高,乙丙比(P<0.01)(3.96对4.33)显著降低;中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率有升高的趋势(54.75%对51.50%)(P=0.09);血液中葡萄糖浓度显著升高(3.77 mmol/L对2.97 mmol/L)(P<0.05),尿素氮浓度(11.01 mmol/L对12.80 mmol/L)(P<0.01)、游离脂肪酸(133.07 umol/L对144.50 umol/L)(P<0.05)、谷丙转氨酶(14.85 U/L对19.23 U/L)(P<0.05)和高密度脂蛋白(0.92 mmol/L对1.05 mmol/L)(P<0.05)浓度显著降低;每kg增重饲料成本试验组比对照组降低了5.87元。结果表明,以油菜秆为主的颗粒料饲喂生长湖羊,对其健康无不良影响,可降低饲料成本,增加养殖效益,是丰富南方地区湖羊粗饲料来源、减少区域油菜秆污染的可行途径。  相似文献   

8.
Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis accompanied by hypokalemia and hyponatremia was induced experimentally in 7 adult sheep by diversion (loss) of gastric contents through an Ivan and Johnston cannula placed in the cranial part of the duodenum just distal to the pylorus. Cannula placement was easily accomplished, and cannulae were tolerated well by the sheep. Volume of effluent produced during the 60- to 120-hour period of diversion ranged from 7.7 to 14.9 L and tended to be greatest during the first 24 hours. All sheep became dehydrated, with mean PCV and plasma total protein concentration increases of 94.2 and 61.7%, respectively. Plasma chloride concentration decreased in linear fashion from a prediversion mean of 113 mEq/L (range, 111 to 117 mEq/L) to an end-point mean of 54 mEq/L (range, 45 to 65 mEq/L). Plasma sodium and potassium concentrations also decreased, though potassium concentration increased terminally. There were rapid increases in arterial blood pH and bicarbonate and base excess concentrations during the first 48 hours after diversion. However, during the final stages of diversion, sheep developed superimposed metabolic acidosis with increased plasma lactate concentration and high anion gap.  相似文献   

9.
为探讨不同浓度Ca2+对马鹿精子体外获能的影响,本研究以塔里木马鹿冻融精子为试验材料,将精子分别悬浮于含不同浓度Ca2+（0、1.1、2.2、3.5、5.0 mmol/L）的台氏液（sp-TALP液）中,在培养0、2、4 h时,采用金霉素（CTC）染色法评价精子获能状态,采用SDS-PAGE分离精子膜蛋白,进行免疫印迹分析,检测酪氨酸磷酸化蛋白的表达水平。结果表明,Ca2+浓度为1.1、2.2 mmol/L有利于精子活力的维持（P<0.05）,精子获能率极显著高于对照组和高浓度组（3.5、5.0 mmol/L;P<0.01）,精子存活时间最长（P<0.01）,但高浓度Ca2+（5.0 mmol/L）对精子活力具有显著抑制作用（P<0.05）,精子获能率极显著低于低浓度组（P<0.01）,精子存活时间最短（P<0.01）;另外,随着培养时间的推移精子发生酪氨酸磷酸化蛋白的表达水平有所不同,培养2、4 h时,1.1 mmol/L组精子蛋白磷酸化水平极显著高于其他各组（P<0.01）,高浓度Ca2+（3.5、5.0 mmol/L）组酪氨酸磷酸化蛋白的表达水平极显著下降（P<0.01）。结果表明,塔里木马鹿精子体外获能所需的适宜Ca2+浓度为1.1 mmol/L,且获能过程中Ca2+的存在是必要的。  相似文献   

10.
A chronically immunosuppressed sheep model was established using a regimen of cyclosporin A (CsA; 2-3mg/kg twice daily) and ketoconazole (10mg/kg twice daily). Blood CsA concentrations reached a steady-state after 17 days of treatment. The clearance of CsA decreased from a mean (95% CI) of 9.47 (6.2-12.7)ml/min/kg after a single (first) dose (3mg/kg i.v.) to 1.62 (1.38-1.86)ml/min/kg after 18 days of CsA (3mg/kg i.v. twice daily) co-administration with ketoconazole. These data indicated that the combination of CsA and ketoconazole could be used to give stable high concentrations of CsA in the sheep. Using this regimen in the sheep, the long-term survival of skin allografts was monitored as an indicator of effective immunosuppression. CsA in blood was measured daily and CsA dose adjusted to various target concentration ranges. Provided that the trough concentration of blood CsA was maintained between 1500-2500 mg/l, long-term healthy skin allografts were maintained on the sheep without significant adverse effects on haematological or biochemical parameters.  相似文献   

11.
Background: Information regarding health and disease is limited for walruses, a keystone species in arctic marine ecosystems. Serum chemistry analysis is a useful clinical tool for the health assessment of walruses, but only a few captive Pacific walruses have been evaluated. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine serum chemistry reference values for free‐ranging male Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) on Svalbard and to assess potential differences in animals with low and high tissue levels of organic pollutants. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 17 wild, adult, male Atlantic walruses chemically immobilized with etorphine at eastern Svalbard (Norway). Serum was obtained for routine biochemical analysis as well as nonesterified free fatty acids (NEFA) and cortisol tests. Serum protein concentration was also measured by agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: Reference values (ranges) included alanine aminotransferase (12–51 U/L), aspartate aminotransferase (54–137 U/L), alkaline phosphatase (42–243 U/L), creatine kinase (32–506 U/L), lactate dehydrogenase (480–1322 U/L), amylase (0–23 U/L), lipase (68–298 U/L), total protein (68–91 g/L), albumin (25.3–34.8 g/L), creatinine (84–137 μmol/L), urea (8.2–19.9 mmol/L), bilirubin (0–4 μmol/L), cholesterol (4.4–7.3 mmol/L), NEFA (0.1–0.4 mmol/L), triglycerides (0.6–2.2 mmol/L), calcium (2.0–2.7 mmol/L), phosphorus (1.7–2.8 mmol/L), sodium (147–162 mmol/L), potassium (4.7–7.4 mmol/L), chloride (102–115 mmol/L), and cortisol (<28–214 nmol/L). Walruses exposed to high levels of organic pollutants (n=6) had significantly lower (P=.022) phosphorus concentration than those with low levels of pollutants (n=6). Conclusions: The clinical chemistry reference values determined in this study can serve as baseline data for future health‐related studies of walruses in a changing Arctic and may also be helpful for health evaluations of walruses in captivity. Impacts of the exposure of marine mammals to organic pollutants should be further investigated.  相似文献   

12.
Reference values were established for some haematological and serum biochemical constituents in Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) in China. The contents of seven trace elements in the blood, hair, liver, kidney, heart, spleen, lung, cerebrum, cerebellum, rib, ovary, pancreas and gluteal muscle of Bactrian camels were also measured. Some of these values are reported for the first time for Bactrian camels in China. Most haematological and serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, yaks, sheep and dromedary camels, but the mean serum albumin concentration and the albumim/globulin ratio were significantly higher than those in other ruminants and the mean thyroxine concentration was half that in dromedary camels. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, zinc, manganese and iron, and the renal cortex contained the highest concentration of selenium. The concentrations of selenium, cobalt, zinc, manganese and molybdenum in the tissues were within the reference ranges for other ruminants, but the mean iron and copper concentrations in the liver were significantly higher than those in other ruminants.  相似文献   

13.
The purposes of the study were to obtain the confidence intervalsfor serum fructosamine concentrations in unweaned and early weaned calves, to verify the changes in this glycated protein during growth, when glucaemia declines, and to assess the changes in both parameters attributable to stress or alarm. Sixty out of 120 suckling half-bred zebu calves (60–75 days old) were weaned at day 0 and then received a commercial balanced diet, while the remainder continued to suck. Blood samples were taken at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 60, 90 and 120 days and the serum fructosamine and glucose concentrations were measured by conventional methods. Both biochemical parameters declined with time, but there were no statistical differences between the unweaned and weaned calves. The fall in fructosamine concentration correlated significantly with the decline in glucose concentrations in both groups. The confidence interval for fructosamine concentration decreased with age, from 294–303 mol/L at 2 months old to 215–232 mol/L at 6 months old. At the same time, glucaemia declined from 7.5–8.6 mmol/L to 4.8–5.3 mmol/L. Acute elevations in glucaemia, especially in the younger calves, were attributed to alarms, such as those caused by handling and blood extraction. The absence of resultant increases in fructosamine concentration discounts the existence of prolonged hyperglucaemias (stress) in early weaned calves.  相似文献   

14.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Blood lactate concentration has been shown to be a useful clinical indicator in human patients, but has not been formally investigated in critically ill foals. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of blood lactate with hospital survival, markers of cardiovascular status, metabolic acid base status, sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). METHODS: A database containing clinical, haematological, plasma biochemical and hospital outcome data on neonatal foals referred to an intensive care unit in 2000-2001 was analysed. Seventy-two foals for which arterial lactate was measured at admission were included in the study. RESULTS: Sixty-one foals had an admission lactate concentration > 2.5 mmol/l. Admission lactate was statistically associated with hospital survival, mean arterial pressure, blood creatinine concentration, bacteraemia, anion gap, lactate concentration at 18-36 h after admission and evidence of SIRS, but not with packed cell volume or heart rate. Lactate at 18-36 h was also associated with survival and evidence of SIRS. Anion gap, base excess, base excess due to unidentified anions (BEua), simplified strong ion gap or bicarbonate correctly classified foals for presence of hyperlactaemia (> 5 mmol/l) in < or = 80% of animals. CONCLUSIONS: Admission blood lactate gives important prognostic information. Lactate should be measured rather than assumed from the anion gap, base excess, BEua, simplified strong ion gap or bicarbonate. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Blood lactate concentrations at admission are clinically relevant in neonatal foals and warrant further investigation. This should include the clinical value of measuring changes in lactate in response to treatment.  相似文献   

15.
Our knowledge of the microflora of the stomach of the horse is still limited, although some data indicate its important role in nutrition. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the microbial and biochemical profiles in the stomach of the horse and to quantify the disappearance of dietary starch. Total anaerobic bacteria, lactate-utilizing bacteria, lactobacilli, and streptococci were determined, and biochemical characteristics (pH, and DM, D- and L-lactate, D-glucose, NH3, and VFA concentrations) were measured in chyme collected from 4 horses by naso-gastric intubation aided by endoscopy, at 30 min before and 60, 120, and 210 min after the meal. The total anaerobic population exhibited a linear increase (5.54 to 6.98 log10 cfu/mL; P = 0.018) within the first postprandial hour and reached 8.32 log10 cfu/mL at 210 min after the meal. The concentrations of lactobacilli, streptococci, and lactate-utilizing bacteria in the stomach contents were 5.52, 4.82, and 6.95 log10 cfu/mL, respectively. Lactate concentration increased linearly from 0.25 mmol/L before the meal to 7.98 mmol/L at the last collection point (P = 0.013). This increase was mostly due to L-lactate accumulation. The VFA concentration increased linearly (P = 0.002) during the postprandial period from 1.96 to 8.17 mmol/L. Acetate represented, on average, 78 mol/100 mol of total VFA. The average concentration of NH3 in the stomach content was 2.48 mmol/L. Dietary starch disappearance did not respond during the post-prandial period and was not consistent with previous findings. These in vivo data provide complementary information on the postprandial microbial and biochemical kinetics in the stomachs of horses and confirm its abundant microbial colonization.  相似文献   

16.
荒漠植物沙芥苗期对不同浓度NaCl的适应机制   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
本文研究了5周龄沙芥幼苗对不同浓度NaCl的适应机制。结果表明,沙芥苗期对不同浓度的NaCl具有不同的适应机制。与对照相比,在5 mmol/L的低浓度NaCl下,沙芥叶的干重和含水量分别显著增加了25%和35%(P<0.05),沙芥正是通过这种植株的快速生长和含水量的增加将进入体内过多的Na+稀释至毒害水平以下,以适应外界低浓度的NaCl。在50 mmol/L的中等浓度NaCl下,沙芥限制了K+、增强了Na+从根向叶的选择性运输,使叶中的Na+含量显著增加了8倍(P<0.05),沙芥最可能是将叶中积累的大量Na+区域化至液泡中来适应外界中等浓度的NaCl,该机制避免了Na+对叶细胞的伤害,使叶的渗透势显著降低了75%(P<0.05),让植株有效地抵御了盐分产生的渗透胁迫,维持了沙芥的正常生长。沙芥主要通过限制Na+、增强K+的选择性吸收和从根向叶的选择性运输来适应外界高浓度的NaCl。在200 mmol/L的高浓度NaCl下,该机制使沙芥叶中积累的K+较50 mmol/L的NaCl下显著增加了55%(P<0.05),使K+对渗透调节的贡献率也相应地从10.28%提高到了12.51%,K+一般积累于细胞质中,因此该机制有利于叶细胞质保持较低的Na+/K+、减缓Na+对叶的伤害,也有利于细胞质平衡来自胞内液泡和胞外高浓度NaCl产生的渗透压、减少叶的渗透伤害。尽管如此,在200 mmol/L的NaCl下,沙芥幼苗生长了7 d便使其叶的干重显著降低了51%(P<0.05),表明沙芥苗期的耐盐性有限。  相似文献   

17.
以利木赞和夏洛来种公牛为试验牛，研究不同季节对其精液品质、冻精产量、生理常值、血清及精清生化指标的影响。结果表明：（1）与其它季节相比，夏季肉用种公牛的原精活力、冻精活力、活精于百分数、顶体完整率均显著降低，而精于畸形率显著升高（P〈0．05）。精子密度以秋季最低。（2）冻精产量夏季处于最低水平，平均每月仅为7388支。（3）夏季肉用种公牛的血清LH、睾酮、T3、皮质醇的含量分别为48．12、4．15、1．11、4．89ng／L，显著低于春、秋、冬季（P〈0．01）。（4）夏季肉用种公牛血清钠、钾、钙、镁均处于最低水平，显著低于其它季节（P〈0．01）。（5）夏季肉用种公牛精清睾酮水平明显下降，显著低于春季、秋季和冬季。（6）精清钠、钾、钙夏季含量最低，分别为83．12mmol／L、18，77mmol／L和4．63mmol／L；精清镁含量由春季至秋季呈显著下降趋势；精清磷含量夏季最高，为4．65mmol／L，显著高于春季、秋季和冬季。（7）肉用种公牛精清ALP夏季含量为1784．3U／L，显著高于春、秋两季，但低于冬季。（8）精清睾酮与精液品质各指标存在显著相关；血清生化指标与精清生化指标存在显著相关；直肠温度、呼吸频率与精液品质及血清生化指标存在显著相关性，与精清生化指标相关性不大。  相似文献   

18.
Young adult sheep were dosed with extracts of Narthecium ossifragum plants by the oral or parenteral routes and the resulting nephrotoxicity was assessed from the increases in the concentrations of creatinine and urea in the serum. Following single intraruminal or intraperitoneal doses of extracts derived from 30 g N. ossifragum (wet weight) per kg live weight (kg lw), serum creatinine concentrations increased from about 100 mol/L to between 260 and 510 mol/L. The serum urea concentrations increased from about 5–8 mmol/L to between 11 and 66 mmol/L in individual sheep. Daily intraruminal administration of 5–30 g/kg lw to three sheep over a 10- or 15-day period increased creatinine concentrations from 100 mol/L to 300–760 mol/L, and urea concentrations from 5–8 mmol/L to 35 mmol/L. A single intraperitoneal challenge dose of 30 g/kg lw, delivered 7 or 12 days after the final intraruminal dose, did not lead to increased serum creatinine or urea concentrations, indicating that oral treatment had apparently resulted in an increased tolerance to the nephrotoxic principle(s) in N. ossifragum.  相似文献   

19.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the pharmacokinetics and toxic effects associated with IV administration of lithium chloride (LiCl) to conscious healthy horses. ANIMALS: 6 healthy Standardbred horses. PROCEDURE: Twenty 3-mmol boluses of LiCl (0.15 mmol/L) were injected IV at 3-minute intervals (total dose, 60 mmol) during a 1-hour period. Blood samples for measurement of serum lithium concentrations were collected before injection and up to 24 hours after injection. Behavioral and systemic toxic effects of LiCl were also assessed. RESULTS: Lithium elimination could best be described by a 3-compartment model for 5 of the 6 horses. Mean peak serum concentration was 0.561 mmol/L (range, 0.529 to 0.613 mmol/L), with actual measured mean serum value of 0.575 mmol/L (range, 0.52 to 0.67 mmol/L) at 2.5 minutes after administration of the last bolus. Half-life was 43.5 hours (range, 32 to 84 hours), and after 24 hours, mean serum lithium concentration was 0.13+/-0.05 mmol/L (range, 0.07 to 0.21 mmol/L). The 60-mmol dose of LiCl did not produce significant differences in any measured hematologic or biochemical variables, gastrointestinal motility, or ECG variables evaluated during the study period. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Distribution of lithium best fit a 3-compartment model, and clearance of the electrolyte was slow. Healthy horses remained unaffected by LiCl at doses that exceeded those required for determination of cardiac output. Peak serum concentrations were less than steady-state serum concentrations that reportedly cause toxic effects in other species.  相似文献   

20.
A 13-year-old intact male poodle had suffered periodic tetanic crises for two months. It was cachectic and moderately dehydrated, and during the crises blindness, a stiff gait and behavioural changes were observed. Routine haematological and biochemical profiles showed that it was severely hypocalcaemic, with a corrected plasma calcium concentration of 1.13 mmol/litre (reference range 2.25 to 3 mmol/litre). The dog was fed a home-made diet composed of chicken and basmati rice cooked with a soup bouillon cube; an analysis of its daily allowance indicated that the dog was generally malnourished and received only 0.222 g of calcium per day rather than the 0.6 g it required. In addition, the dog had a low blood concentration of parathyroid hormone of 12 ng/litre (reference range 20 to 80 ng/litre). Supplementing the dog with calcitriol for four days and correcting its diet increased its blood calcium to the lower part of the reference range and resolved the clinical signs, although its parathyroid hormone concentration was still low one year later.  相似文献   

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