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1.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate results of root canal treatment in dogs. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SAMPLE POPULATION: 127 tooth roots in 64 dogs. PROCEDURE: Radiographs obtained before surgery, immediately after surgery, and during follow-up examinations after surgery were evaluated by 2 individuals. Treatment was considered successful if the periodontal ligament space was normal and possible preoperative root resorption, if present, had ceased. Treatment was considered to show no evidence of failure if possible preoperative root resorption had ceased but a preexisting periapical lesion had remained the same or only decreased in size and not complete resolved. Treatment was considered to have failed if a periapical lesion or root resorption developed subsequent to endodontic treatment, if a preexisting periapical lesion had increased in size, or if possible preoperative root resorption appeared to continue after endodontic treatment. RESULTS: Follow-up time ranged from 1 to 60 months (mean, 13 months). Treatment was classified as successful for 87 (69%) roots, as showing no evidence of failure for 33 (26%) roots, and as having failed for 7 (6%) roots. The success rate was lower for canine teeth than for maxillary fourth premolar teeth. Roots with a preexisting periapical lucency or preexisting root resorption had lower success rates. The use of intracanal medication and the method and quality of obturation were not associated with outcome. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that root canal treatment offers a viable option for salvage of periodontally sound but endodontically diseased teeth in dogs.  相似文献   

2.
A retrospective study was performed in 100 dogs with 121 mandibular and 21 maxillary fractures. Dog fight (43.0%) and automobile (12.0%) trauma were the most common etiologies for fracture. The cause of fracture was unknown in 23.0% of the cases, while pathologic fractures occurred in 13.0% of cases. Young dogs (< 1-year-old) and dogs > 8-years of age were most affected. Mandibular fractures occurred in 90 dogs (90.0%), with two dogs (2.2%) having concurrent maxillary fractures. Maxillary fractures only were diagnosed in 10 dogs (10.0%). The molar region (47.1%) was the most commonly affected location for mandibular fracture, followed by fractures of the symphysis and parasymphysis (30.6%), premolar region (17.4%), angular process (4.1%) and vertical ramus (0.8%). In fractures of the mandibular region, the mandibular first molar tooth was often (85.9%) involved while the canine teeth were involved in 67.5% of symphyseal and parasymphyseal fractures. The most common fracture of the maxilla was the maxillary bone (52.4%), followed by the incisive (33.3%), palatine (9.5%), and nasal (4.8%) bones.  相似文献   

3.
This case report describes endodontic, restorative, and periodontal treatment of a complicated crown-root fracture of the right maxillary fourth premolar tooth in a dog. A buccal portion ('slab') had separated from the tooth, which extended subgingivally into root structure. Following completion of standard root canal therapy, a periodontal flap was elevated. Alveolectomy and alveoloplasty were performed, and inflamed soft tissues were debrided. The fracture site was prepared, restored, and shaped to receive a dental bulge contour. A gingival collar expansion technique was utilized to allow for apical positioning of gingiva at the distobuccal crown-root segment. Clinical and radiographic examination 15-months following treatment showed no evidence of endodontic failure. The restorations were intact, and periodontal probing depths were slightly increased probably due to gingival enlargement from concurrent cyclosporine therapy. The importance of biologic width maintenance in periodontal surgery and need for owner compliance with home oral hygiene are discussed.  相似文献   

4.
Displaced sagittal cheek tooth fractures are a cause of oral pain, quidding and apical infection. Intraoral extraction is the preferred technique to remove affected teeth, but can be difficult due to displaced and friable fracture fragments. Stabilising fracture fragments via filling of the fracture space with polymethymethacrylate (PMMA) prior to removal may be a useful method to facilitate intraoral extraction. Case details were examined retrospectively. A total of 22 cheek teeth required extraction in 20 horses because of displaced sagittal fractures. Clinical diagnoses were made using oral examination, oral endoscopy, skull radiography and computed tomography. All procedures were performed in standing, sedated horses in stocks. Fracture spaces were cleaned and packed with PMMA and teeth removed using a routine intraoral extraction technique. Digital photographs of extracted teeth were taken and tooth measurements calibrated using digital image software. Intraoperative difficulties, as well as post-operative complications were recorded. A total of 21 maxillary and one mandibular cheek teeth were extracted. All maxillary teeth had advanced infundibular caries. Intraoral extraction was successful in 16 cases; six were unsuccessful and required repulsion due to tooth fragmentation or abnormal dental anatomy. In 11 cases, maxillary or conchofrontal sinus trephination was performed to either treat sinusitis, repulse the tooth, or both. Two horses developed short-term complications following local anaesthesia of the maxillary nerve. The mean ratio of fracture depth to tooth length was 0.59 and mean ratio of fracture width to tooth width 0.53. The limitations of the study are its small sample size, retrospective nature and lack of control group to compare extraction success in PMMA and non-PMMA groups. It was concluded that using PMMA to stabilise displaced sagittal fractures in equine cheek teeth is a simple, effective method of facilitating intraoral extraction and may reduce the need for more invasive procedures.  相似文献   

5.
A six month-old intact female Shetland sheepdog was referred to the University of Illinois Veterinary Dental Clinic with a left-sided mandibular deviation and a thickened left ventral mandible in the region of the first molar tooth. On oral examination, left caudal crossbite was diagnosed. Dental radiographs revealed endodontic disease of the mandibular first molar tooth involved in the crossbite. Because of the difficulty of treating caudal crossbite and the potential of a pathological mandibular fracture, the endodontically affected tooth was extracted. Ten months following the extraction, mandibular deviation and alveolar bone lysis were resolved, but alveolar ridge resorption was present. The abnormal occlusal relationship caused by the caudal crossbite may have led to movement of the tooth, resorption of the tooth alveolus, and irreversible pulpal damage. Although not employed in this case, use of alveolar ridge preservation techniques can prevent mandibular bone loss after extractions.  相似文献   

6.
This in vitro study evaluated the temperature rise on the outer root surface of the mandibular first molar following root canal filling using the high-temperature, thermoplasticized, Gutta-Percha technique (HTTG) (BeeFill) in the dog. Twelve extracted dog mandibular first molars were used. After root canal preparation, the teeth were filled with thermoplasticized Gutta-Percha and root canal sealer. Temperature changes on the vestibular surfaces of the mesial and distal roots of mandibular first molars were measured using a thermal imaging camera. The results of this in vitro study showed that using HTTG to fill mandibular first molars in dogs produces a safe temperature rise on the root surface and, therefore, should not damage the periodontal ligament and/or surrounding tissues.  相似文献   

7.
Allogeneic tooth transplantation was evaluated as a functional and aesthetic treatment for dental fracture in the dog. Of 7 dogs that received tooth transplants, 5 were research animals and 2 were clinical patients. Canine teeth were transplanted immediately after extraction in the research dogs. Endodontic therapy had been performed on the affected canine tooth of one clinical patient. The other clinical patient had bilateral maxillary canine fractures 2 months earlier. One of the research dog transplants failed at 3 weeks as a result of improper surgical technique. Four of the research dogs had a solid implant for 18 months, after which time the dogs were euthanatized serially. All transplanted teeth were anchored firmly into the alveoli, but were nonviable. Root resorption, with bone replacement, was first noticed at 24 months. The transplanted tooth in the first clinical patient remained functional for 3 months, after which time the tooth was fractured. The right canine transplant in the second clinical patient failed by 3 months, probably because of preexisting periapical inflammation. The left transplanted tooth remains stable at 38 months. It was concluded that allogeneic tooth transplantation may have merit as a rapid and inexpensive method for replacement of fractured teeth in the dog. Function is compromised gradually as a result of root resorption and ankylosis, with tooth fracture likely to occur after 2 years.  相似文献   

8.
The furcation region morphology was evaluated in 103 mature feline carnassial teeth (54 maxillary fourth premolar and 49 mandibular first molar teeth). Patent furcation canals were present in 27.2% of teeth. No significant difference (p = 0.88) in distribution of this anatomical variation was found between maxillary fourth premolar and mandibular first molar teeth. The mean width of these furcation canals was 104.0 microns with two-thirds of the canals having a buccal orientation. The presence of furcation canals could be a factor in the etiopathogenesis of feline dental resorptive lesions, as well as a characteristic to be considered in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of endodontic or periodontic-endodontic lesions in cat teeth.  相似文献   

9.
The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the pulp of dog teeth affected by advanced periodontal disease. Histological examination was done on demineralized teeth extracted during clinical treatment of mature, client owned small and medium-size breed dogs with either good periodontal health or with advanced naturally occurring periodontal disease. Routinely stained sections from 5 clinically normal teeth and 22 teeth with advanced periodontitis from dogs between 5 and 12-years of age were examined using light microscopy. The pulp cavities of most teeth were narrow with low cellularity and some fibrosis of the pulp. Findings specific to periodontally affected teeth included acute and chronic pulpitis, vascular congestion, and pulp necrosis. A glomus body was identified in the pulp of one tooth and areas of poorly mineralized cementum were seen in both normal and diseased teeth. Age related changes in dog teeth appear similar to those reported for man and the rat. In addition to age related changes, the pulp of dog teeth with advanced periodontal disease were frequently inflamed or necrotic. This may reflect the advanced periodontitis affecting these teeth or a mechanical effect related to excessive tooth mobility. Further study is required to determine the etiology and significance of these findings and to investigate pulp status in less severely diseased teeth.  相似文献   

10.
Root canal morphology was evaluated in 72 maxillary fourth premolar and 59 mandibular first molar teeth. An apical delta was present in all roots (n = 334). The apical delta represented approximately 12-18% of the total root length for all roots. Non-apical ramifications from the main canal were observed in 25.1% of roots. Secondary canal(s) were present in 20.6% of roots, while lateral canal(s) were present in 6.9% of roots. The distal root of the maxillary fourth premolar had the highest incidence (47.2%) of non-apical ramifications. Overall, 68.0 and 20.4% of maxillary fourth premolar and mandibular first molar teeth had non-apical ramifications, respectively. The prevalence and location of non-apical ramifications may influence clinical decision making when performing endodontic therapy.  相似文献   

11.
Sinusitis is a common disorder in horses and may result from trauma, dental diseases, or space-occupying lesions. Radiography can only provide a limited amount of information. Computed tomography (CT) has been documented as an alternative imaging method. Eighteen horses (mostly Warmblood) with signs of chronic sinusitis were examined preoperatively with CT to assist in diagnosis of the underlying cause. There was a group of common CT features in horses with dental disease and sinusitis. The first molar was the most frequently affected maxillary cheek tooth. Hypoattenuation of the cementum, destruction of the enamel, and filling of the infundibular cavity with gas were the most frequent CT findings associated with caries. Gas bubbles within the bulging root area or fragmentation of the root in combination with swelling of the adjacent sinus lining were the most important CT features of dental decay. CT findings associated with sinusitis included excessive thickening of the respiratory epithelium in the rostral maxillary sinus; the caudal maxillary sinus was less often involved. The infraorbital canal, the nasomaxillary duct, and the frontomaxillary aperture were usually involved. The maxillary bone, however, especially the facial crest, was involved in nearly every horse, being characterized by endosteal sclerosis, thickening, periosteal reaction, and deformation leading to facial swelling in chronic infections. CT images allowed identification of involvement of individual teeth more clearly to reveal the diseased one for treatment. Three-dimensional imaging allowed improved understanding of the extent and severity of the pathologic change.  相似文献   

12.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic value of 2 intraoral bisecting angle radiographic views in comparison with periodontal probing for the assessment of periodontal attachment of the canine teeth in dogs. STUDY POPULATION: 466 canine teeth from 117 dogs. PROCEDURE: Periodontal probing measurements were recorded, and clinical attachment levels (CAL) were calculated at the mesial, buccal, distal, and lingual (or palatal) surfaces on each canine tooth. Occlusal and lateral radiographs of the canine teeth were obtained. Alveolar margin height (AMH) was measured at the same 4 surfaces. Values for AMH and CAL were compared on the basis of tooth surface, dental arch, and radiographic view. RESULTS: The AMH at the mesial and distal surfaces of the mandibular canine teeth was measurable on the lateral view and was significantly correlated with CAL. Similar results were found for the mesial and distal surfaces of the maxillary canine teeth. Buccal and lingual AMH were measured on the mandibular occlusal radiographic view, and values were significantly correlated with CAL, but only the buccal AMH could be assessed on the occlusal radiographic view of the maxilla with values that correlated significantly with CAL. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The lateral radiographic view is suitable for evaluating periodontal attachment at the mesial and distal surfaces of the canine teeth in dogs. The occlusal radiographic view is suitable for assessing buccal surfaces as well as the lingual surface of mandibular canine teeth but not the palatal surface of maxillary canine teeth in dogs.  相似文献   

13.
Radiology is the most important diagnostic technique for evaluation of the radicular structure of the tooth and adjacent areas. However, superimposition of other oral or nasal structures often creates difficulties when interpreting radiographic images. The purpose of this study was to identify and locate any anatomical structures that may be superimposed over the root of the maxillary canine tooth in radiographs of dogs. Results showed that the nasal conchae minimally interfere with the visualization of the tooth. The vomer bone and maxillary structures (the conchal crest, the line of conjunction between the maxillary body and the palatine process, and the palatine sulcus) are visible as linear radiopacities, and were found to be responsible for most of the radiographic features in this area. The incisivomaxillary canal and the palatine fissure caused radiolucent images. The incisivomaxillary suture and the nasoincisive suture may appear as radiolucent images in young skulls and linear radiopacities in older skulls. It appears from this study that a compromise between minimal superimposition of dental and non-dental structures and small image distortion is needed to obtain diagnostic radiographic views of the maxillary canine tooth in mesaticephalic dogs. The relative positions of the conchal crest, the line of conjunction between the vertical body of the maxilla and its palatine process, the incisivomaxillary canal, and the tooth, cannot be changed radiographically because of the close anatomic position of these structures.  相似文献   

14.
We compared the information gained from computed tomography (CT) vs. radiography in horses with nonneoplastic disease of the mandible. We hypothesized that CT would provide additional diagnostic information. Medical records, radiographs, and CT images of horses with nonneoplastic mandibular disease evaluated between 1994 and 2008 were reviewed. Nineteen horses were identified; 11 had a tooth root abscess and related disease, four had a fracture of the teeth and/or mandible, and four had a nonneoplastic mass. Both CT images and radiographs allowed identification of diseased teeth that appeared clinically normal otherwise. CT allowed identification of teeth that were clinically affected but appeared normal radiographically. Parameters such as tooth pulp involvement, lamina dura destruction, presence of bone fragments, lingual and buccal mandibular bone periosteal reaction, and cortical bone destruction were more conspicuous with CT. Performing radiography and CT in horses with nonneoplastic mandibular disease provides a more complete evaluation than either technique alone. CT contributes additional information that could otherwise be overlooked with radiographs alone in horses with a mandibular fracture. CT provides ancillary information to radiographs in horses with dental infection or a nonneoplastic mass of the mandible.  相似文献   

15.
Radiographs were taken of both the right and left sets of maxillary teeth in 23 Friesian cattle of known age. The stage of development of each permanent tooth was ascertained and the degree of root resorption in the deciduous premolars was noted. All stages in individuals were later than for those of the mandibular cheek teeth except in the case of the first permanent premolar. As with mandibular cheek tooth development stages of formation occurred within certain age limits.  相似文献   

16.
Reasons for performing study: With the advent of detailed oral examination in horses using dental mirrors and rigid endoscopy, secondary dentinal lesions are observed more frequently. More information regarding the association of secondary dentinal defects with apical dental disease would improve the sensitivity of oral examination as a diagnostic aid for pulpitis. Objectives: To assess prevalence and severity of secondary dentinal defects observed on examination of occlusal surfaces of cheek teeth (CT) from horses showing clinical signs of pulpitis compared to asymptomatic controls. Methods: Records from all cases of equine CT exodontia at the University of Bristol over a 4 year period were examined. Case selection criteria included the presence of clinical signs of pulpitis, an intact extracted tooth and availability of a complete history and follow up. Cases where coronal fracture or periodontal pocketing featured were excluded. CT from cadavers with no history of dental disease served as normal controls. Triadan positions and eruption ages of control teeth were matched with those of teeth extracted from cases. CT from selected cases and control teeth were examined occlusally. Secondary dentinal defects were identified and graded. Prevalence of occlusal lesions in CT with pulpitis and controls was compared. Results: From the records of 120 horses where exodontia was performed, 40 cases matched selection criteria. Twenty‐three mandibular and 21 maxillary CT were extracted from cases. The controls consisted of 60 mandibular and 60 maxillary CT from 7 cadaver skulls. Secondary dentinal defects were significantly over‐represented in CT extracted from cases of pulpitis (P<0.001). Of diseased mandibular CT, 56.5% had defects compared to none of the controls. Of diseased maxillary CT, 57% had defects compared with 1.6% of controls. Multiple defective secondary dentinal areas and severe lesions were more prevalent in diseased mandibular CT compared with diseased maxillary CT. Conclusions and practical significance: Careful examination of occlusal secondary dentine is an essential component in investigation of suspected pulpitis in equine CT.  相似文献   

17.
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18.
Intraoral dental radiographs of 217 cats presented for dental treatment were examined. Radiographic signs of dental resorptive lesions were identified in 107 cats, and the apparent central point of each lesion was mapped on a diagram of the tooth. Mapping was only possible on maxillary and mandibular canine teeth and on mandibular third premolar, fourth premolar, and first molar teeth. Resorptive lesions were most common on the molar teeth (n = 103) and maxillary canine teeth (n = 96), and least common on fourth premolar teeth (n = 56). Resorptive lesions on premolar and molar teeth were widely scattered, noted more commonly in the coronal portions of the root. Resorptive lesions in canine teeth had a tendency to be located more apically on the roots.  相似文献   

19.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: There is limited information on the prevalence of idiopathic cheek teeth (CT) fractures in the general equine population and on which CT are most commonly affected. OBJECTIVES: To obtain information on the prevalence of fracture patterns and clinical details of idiopathic CT fractures. METHODS: Details of cases with idiopathic CT fractures encountered were obtained via a questionnaire sent to suitably experienced veterinary practitioners and equine dental technicians (EDTs). RESULTS: Details of 147 horses that suffered a total of 182 idiopathic CT fractures; and median 0.4% (range 0.07-5.9%) of horses examined were diagnosed with such fractures; 133 maxillary CT and 49 mandibular CT fractures were found; maxillary Triadan 09s and 10s were preferentially fractured (46% of all fractured CT); fracture patterns included maxillary CT slab fractures (through 1st and 2nd pulp chambers) in 87 teeth (48% of all fractured CT), maxillary CT midline sagittal fractures (through the infundibula) in 31 CT; and various other types of maxillary CT fractures in 15 CT. In the mandibular CT, lateral slab fractures (through the 4th and 5th pulp chambers) were found in 28 CT and a variety of other fracture patterns in the other 21 mandibular CT. Clinical signs included quidding in 33% of cases, bitting and behavioural problems (29%) and halitosis (12%), however 39% of horses with idiopathic CT fractures were asymptomatic. Treatments included oral extraction of the smaller dental fragment in 37% of cases, extraction of the entire fractured tooth (9%); removal of sharp edges on the remaining part of fractured tooth (14%); reduction of height of the opposite tooth (4%); other surgical or endodontic treatments, or referral of case for further investigation and treatment (10%); or no specific treatment (39%). Following treatment, 81% of cases were reported to be asymptomatic, 6% had ongoing clinical problems and the outcome was unclear in 13% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Idiopathic CT fractures are present in approximately 0.4% of horses and may variably cause none to severe clinical signs. Most idiopathic CT fractures respond well to treatment. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Understanding of the prevalence, clinical findings and treatment of idiopathic CT fractures will improve management of these disorders.  相似文献   

20.
Myotonia is a clinical sign characterized by the delay of skeletal muscle relaxation following the cessation of a voluntary activity or the termination of an electrical or mechanical stimulus. Recently, Miniature Schnauzers with myotonia congenita associated with defective chloride ion conductance across the skeletal muscle membrane were identified. Congenital myotonia in these dogs appears to follow an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Craniofacial and dental findings of eight Miniature Schnauzer dogs with myotonia congenita are described in the present paper. These findings include: delayed dental eruption of both deciduous and permanent dentition: persistent deciduous dentition; unerupted or partially erupted permanent teeth: crowding and rotation of premolar and or incisor teeth: missing teeth: increased interproximal space between the maxillary fourth premolar and first molar teeth: decreased interproximal space between the maxillary canine and lateral incisor teeth: inability to fully close the mouth due to malocclusion: distoclusion: and, decreased mandibular range of motion. A long narrow skull with a flattened zygomatic arch and greater mandibular body curvature were also consistent findings in the affected dogs. The small number of dogs studied prevents conclusive statements about the origin of these abnormalities, however it is interesting that only 1 of 45 unaffected Miniature Schnauzer dogs showed similar traits.  相似文献   

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