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<正>一、培育技术1.育珠蚌种选择为生产淡水优质珍珠,江西抚州洪门水库开发有限公司于1997年底成功地从日本引进了池蝶蚌原种,并于1998年繁殖成功。池蝶蚌原产日本琵琶湖,日本以该蚌培育优质淡水珍珠产品享誉世界珍珠市场。经过近十年研究,池蝶蚌的壳宽是三角帆蚌的1.23倍,外套膜的厚度是三角帆蚌的1.78倍,贝壳珍珠层的厚度是三角帆蚌的2.08倍,珍珠生长速度是三角帆蚌的1.62倍,大规格、优质珍珠的比例是三角帆 相似文献
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三角帆蚌种质资源研究进展 总被引：14，自引：4，他引：10
三角帆蚌是我国优良的淡水育珠蚌,具有重要的经济价值。本文从我国三角帆蚌种质资源调查、搜集与保护出发,介绍了三角帆蚌RAPD、SSR及线粒体基因片段等不同分子标记开发状况,重点讨论了这些分子标记分析三角帆蚌遗传多样性的情况。比较了我国五大淡水湖泊三角帆蚌种质及3个优秀种质9个F1后代的生长性能,比较了三角帆蚌雌雄生长差异。简述了三角帆蚌珍珠质形成相关基因、免疫相关基因、贝壳及珍珠颜色相关基因的研究现状。从三角帆蚌与其他蚌类种间杂交、三角帆蚌种内杂交,介绍了培育康乐蚌新品种的过程及三角帆蚌家系选育的进展情况。对今后进一步开展三角帆蚌种质资源研究提出了意见和建议,为三角帆蚌遗传改良提供了基础资料。 相似文献
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池蝶蚌和我国的三角帆蚌为同属不同种,出产于日本滋贺县的琵琶湖.池蝶蚌是的优质淡水育珠蚌,具有以下特点:①容易养殖,池蝶蚌的生活习性与三角帆蚌非常相近,其繁殖、幼蚌培育、成蚌饲养技术也与三角帆蚌相似;②成活率高,池蝶蚌内脏团大,软体部分的重量占蚌体总重量的比例达45%,体质好,生命力强;③手术插核难度小,池蝶蚌双壳鼓起,壳间距大,且闭壳肌也强壮,其直径比三角帆蚌大20%,开壳宽度可超过1 cm,有利于手术操作;④育珠品质高,珍珠光亮度、珠层厚度以及品质都比其它淡水蚌手术蚌的珍珠要好;⑤贝壳利用价值高,池蝶蚌的贝壳比三角帆蚌的贝壳厚50%以上,尤其是贝壳的珍珠层较厚,有利于加工珍珠层粉,也是制作珠核、雕刻的最佳材料.目前,池蝶蚌在江西省被广泛推广养殖,在该省临川、都昌、万年、泰和等县市建立起示范推广基地2000多亩,直接参与池蝶蚌养殖的农户达1500多户,取得了丰厚的经济效益.笔者通过实地走访调查,查阅相关资料并结合多年蚌类养殖研究,对池蝶蚌的人工繁育技术总结如下: 相似文献
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贝壳基质蛋白指导了珍珠形成过程中碳酸钙的成核、晶体生长和晶型选择等关键过程。为进一步研究珍珠形成的分子机理,本实验使用RACE-PCR技术克隆得到一个新的贝壳基质蛋白基因,并命名为silkmaxin。组织表达分析和原位杂交分析表明,该蛋白于外套膜缘膜部外上表皮组织特异性表达,证明silkmaxin基因所编码的蛋白属于珍珠层基质蛋白。silkmaxin基质蛋白氨基酸序列富含甘氨酸(Gly,33.0%)和丝氨酸(Ser,10.4%),蛋白结构由β-折叠构成,类似丝状蛋白结构。分析珍珠形成早期珍珠囊中该蛋白基因的表达发现,silkmaxin基因在珍珠囊内碳酸钙沉积物从无序到有序的转变过程中起了重要作用。通过RNA干扰实验可知,贝壳基质蛋白是珍珠层文石小片正常生长不可缺少的因子,当silkmaxin基因表达被抑制,文石小片的成核、大小和形状均发生了改变。 相似文献
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池蝶蚌是目前世界上培育淡水优质珍珠的首选蚌种。省级农业产业化龙头企业-抚州市洪门水库开发公司于1997年在全国首次引种成功。通过近几年的驯养、繁育和育珠性能研究，证实了池蝶蚌育珠性能优于我国的三角帆蚌，它具有壳宽大、个体重、外套膜和贝壳珍珠层厚、晶杆粗长等特点，具有广阔的推广应用前景。 相似文献
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三角帆蚌,隶属于瓣鳃纲,真瓣鳃目,蚌科,帆蚌属,是中国特有的优质淡水育珠蚌。三角帆所产的珍珠产量佳,珠质细腻、光滑、色泽鲜艳、形状较圆,但珍珠生长比较缓慢。池蝶蚌与三角帆蚌同属帆蚌属(日本称为池蝶蚌属),是中国大陆近年来从日本、台湾引进的优良珠贝类。与三角帆蚌相比,池蝶蚌具有壳、珍珠层、外套膜较厚,珍珠质分泌能力强等优点。 相似文献
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珍珠层粉的加工，选用优质的3—5龄三角帆蚌与褶纹冠蚌的贝壳均可，用砂轮磨出外面的黑色角质层和中间的棱柱层，保留珍珠层。珍珠层白色、无味、不溶于水，而溶于酸． 相似文献
8.
三角帆蚌新发现的贝壳基质蛋白基因hic9的分离、鉴定及其在珍珠早期形成过程中的作用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为进一步研究珍珠质形成的分子机理,使用RACE-PCR技术从三角帆蚌外套膜中克隆到一个新的贝壳基质蛋白基因hic9。RT-PCR和原位杂交技术结果显示,hic9主要在闭壳肌和外套膜中表达,且在外套膜外褶的外表皮各部分都有信号,在壳皮沟中同样有信号,这些结果表明,hic9是一个同时参与了贝壳角质层、棱柱层和珍珠层形成的多功能基质蛋白基因。hic9富含甘氨酸(14.81%)、脯氨酸(13.58%)和丙氨酸(12.35%),在序列中部形成"Gly-X-X"的结构(X为任意氨基酸),与近C末端连续重复丙氨酸结构(polyA)一起使hic9具有类似蛛丝蛋白的结构特征。hic9 C末端由一段疏水性序列"LAWMLFV"组成,推测这段序列形成β折叠结构,紧邻该序列89～91位是"Asp-Leu-Asp"序列,这是一个典型的Ca2+结合位点。此外,通过实时定量PCR检测了珍珠形成早期阶段hic9在初生珍珠囊中的表达情况,插片后3～15 d hic9在珍珠囊中的表达水平维持在大致相同的表达水平,在碳酸钙沉积物从无序向有序转变时期(18～25 d),表达水平较第15天有显著的升高,这表明hic9参与了这一过程,在珍珠层的形成过程中发挥了关键作用。 相似文献
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目前,人工养殖的淡水珍珠,如何提高质量,已成为当前淡水育珠的重要课题。我们从几年来的淡水养殖珍珠的生产实践认识到,人工育珠的质量是受多种因素影响,如育珠蚌的种类,暂养蚌的饲养管理,制片与插片技术,育珠蚌的饲养管理好环等都影响人工淡水珍珠的质量。现就以上几方面谈点粗浅看法。一、育珠蚌的种类淡水育珠蚌的种类,生产上应用较多的是三角帆蚌,褶纹冠蚌,背角无齿蚌,圆背角无齿蚌,珍珠蚌,背瘤丽蚌等。一般来说,以三角帆蚌、褶纹冠蚌育成珠的质量比其他蚌的质量好,尤其是三角帆蚌 相似文献
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Freshwater nucleated pearl quality is influenced by host mussel growth traits in Hyriopsis cumingii 
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下载免费PDF全文 Hyriopsis cumingii is one of the most important freshwater pearl mussels in China. Recently, this species can produce freshwater nucleated pearls of high quality. Here, we investigated whether nucleated pearl quality is influenced by the growth traits of the host mussel or other factors like cultivation period. We implanted host mussels with a spherical nucleus consisting of a small piece of mantle tissue from donor mussels. After 24 and 36 months of culture, host mussel growth traits including body weight and shell length, height, width and weight were recorded. These factors were then correlated with the quality traits of the pearls they produced, such as nacre thickness, size, weight, lustre and colour. Results indicated pearls obtained at 36 months after seeding were significantly larger in terms of nacre thickness, size and weight compared to those harvested at 24 months. In particular, nacre thickness (r = 0.33–0.48, P = 0.00), pearl size (r = 0.39–0.43, P = 0.00) and pearl weight (r = 0.35–0.47, P = 0.00) were showed to be significantly correlated with host mussels shell length, body weight and shell weight at 24 or 36 months. Larger and heavier host mussels tended to produce bigger pearls. In contrast, host mussels did not affect pearl colour. Cumulatively, our results suggest that longer culturing times and a larger host mussel may help produce better quality nucleated pearl. This information can help guide selective breeding programs designed to improve pearl quality produced by H. cumingii. 相似文献
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三角帆蚌生长性状和内壳色与所产无核珍珠质量的相关性分析 总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2
为了研究供片蚌和育珠蚌对无核珍珠质量的影响,以三角帆蚌紫色选育系F5为材料,在插植无核珍珠前,测量了供片蚌和育珠蚌的壳长、壳高、壳宽、体质量等生长性状,检测了供片蚌内壳色颜色参数L、a、b、dE。经过18个月育珠,测量了育珠蚌的壳长、壳高、壳宽、体质量,计算其特定生长率,检测了育珠蚌内壳色颜色参数L、a、b、dE,测量了育珠蚌所产无核珍珠的颜色、大小、圆度、光泽和产珠量。结果发现,供片蚌生长性状与所产无核珍珠大小、圆度和产珠量相关性不显著(P>0.05)。供片蚌内壳色与无核珍珠颜色相关性极显著(r=-0.400~0.376,P<0.01),供片蚌dE值越大所产紫色珍珠比例越高、dE值越小所产白色珍珠比例越高。育珠蚌特定生长率与所产无核珍珠大小、光泽和产珠量相关性极显著(r=0.237~0.516,P<0.01),相关程度为体重> 壳长> 壳宽> 壳高,育珠蚌特定生长率与所产无核珍珠圆度相关性极显著(r=-0.284~-0.256,P<0.01),相关程度为壳长>体质量>壳宽>壳高。育珠蚌内壳色与所产无核珍珠颜色、大小、圆度、光泽和产珠量相关性不显著(P>0.05)。综合各性状相关性分析,改良供片蚌内壳色可以改良珍珠颜色,改良育珠蚌的生长性状可以改良珍珠大小、光泽、圆度和产珠量。 相似文献
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为了筛选优质的珍珠蚌插片组合,探究不同种类珍珠蚌相互插片后生长性状间的差异和相关性,以及各组合无核珍珠成珠率和大小的差异,利用三角帆蚌(S)、池蝶蚌(C)和褶纹冠蚌(Z)分别作为供片蚌和育珠蚌,获得9个育珠蚌组合,测量各育珠组合的体质量、壳长、壳高和壳宽,比较9个育珠蚌组合及3个未插片的三角帆蚌、池蝶蚌和褶纹冠蚌对照组在1年后生长性状的差异,对各生长性状相关性进行分析。测量每个育珠蚌所产无核珍珠的数量和大小,计算成珠率和圆度,分析不同组合之间无核珍珠的差异。结果显示,无核育珠手术影响珍珠蚌的生长性能,以三角帆蚌和池蝶蚌为育珠蚌的组合生长性状均优于对照组,S-S育珠组合在以三角帆蚌为育珠蚌组合内生长最优,S-C和C-C育珠组合在以池蝶蚌为育珠蚌组合中生长最优,而以褶纹冠蚌为育珠蚌的组合插片后生长性状指标均小于对照组。其中除了池蝶蚌同种插片组合(C-C育珠组合)外,其余各育珠组合壳长与体质量间相关系数均高于其他生长性状间相关系数,C-C育珠组合壳宽与体质量相关系数最大;三角帆蚌和池蝶蚌之间的插片组合（S-S、C-S、S-C和C-C育珠组合）及褶纹冠蚌同种插片组合（Z-Z育珠组合）成珠率较高(91.67%~100%)。S-S、S-C和C-C育珠组合所育珍珠较圆但珍珠大小在各育珠组合内处于中等。研究表明,无核育珠手术改变珍珠蚌的生长性能,不同育珠组合生长性能存在差异,S-S、S-C和C-C育珠组合插片后生长性能较好,成珠率高,珍珠较圆但珍珠大小在各育珠组合中处于中等,该结果为探索不同珍珠蚌生长性状差异和相关性及其所产无核珍珠成珠率、大小的比较提供重要依据。 相似文献
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Ziman Wang Linda Adzigbli Zhe Zheng Chuangye Yang Yuewen Deng 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(10):3925-3934
Round nucleated pearls are produced through a surgical operation, where a round nucleus and a mantle tissue ‘saibo’ from donor oyster are inserted into the gonad of the host oyster. The epithelial cells in the mantle tissue proliferate around the nucleus, and thus, the pearl sac is formed. Pearl sac secrets nacre and forms a pearl. The quality and economic value of pearls are assessed by pearl features such as colour, brightness, lustre and shape. Among all these features, colour has been reported as an important economic indicator and has been widely studied by researchers. Generally, pearl colour is affected by the donor oyster which is determined genetically and biological pigments (melanin and carotenoid). Organic matrices, metal ions and other factors have also been reported to influence the colour of a cultured pearl. Recently, multi‐omics methods have been used to study the colour formation of pearl, and some key genes and signal pathways related to the colour formation of pearls have been identified. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism of pearl formation needs further research. The review combines both fresh and sea water pearls focusing on Hyriopsis cumingii and pearl oysters to provide a general overview and understanding for pearl colour formation. 相似文献
15.
Pearl oyster shell consists of two layers: a calcite prismatic layer (outer layer) and an aragonite nacreous layer (inner layer). Calcite and aragonite are CaCO3 polymorphs, and their formations are controlled by shell‐forming tissue called mantle. Pearl sacs originating in the mantle form cultured pearls. Therefore, it has been widely accepted that pearl and shell are produced by the same process. However, this idea has been called into question by some recent mineralogical studies indicating microstructural and crystal‐polymorphic diversity in pearls. The pearl biomineralization process is still not fully understood in detail. Thus, in this study, we focused on the diversity of CaCO3 polymorphism of non‐nacreous structures (NNSs) underlying the nacreous layer in pearl and regenerated shell, to reveal the biomineralization process of the Japanese pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata). Using Meigen's stain and scanning electron microscope‐energy dispersive X‐ray (SEM‐EDX), NNSs polymorphs in valuable and valueless pearls, in addition to regenerated shell, were compared. Aragonite was exclusively observed in the NNSs of valuable pearls, whereas calcite was dominant in those of valueless pearls. The same analysis of NNSs of regenerated shells was carried out. As in valueless pearls, almost all regenerated shell NNSs consisted of calcite, but one NNS was composed of aragonite. Accordingly, it seems that pearls are formed by the same biomineralization process as shell regeneration rather than shell formation. 相似文献
16.
Xilei Li Zhiyi Bai Hongrui Luo Guiling Wang Jiale Li 《Aquaculture International》2014,22(5):1577-1585
The freshwater pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii is the most important mussel species for freshwater pearl production in China. Mussel shell color is an important indicator of pearl quality. The objective of this study was to assess whether total carotenoid content (TCC) in H. cumingii is related to shell color. TCC of different tissues (gonad, gill, hepatopancreas, kidney, axe foot, mantle, and adductor muscle) of purple and white inner-shell H. cumingii was determined by UV–Vis spectrophotometry. The results revealed that TCC ranged from 12.91 ± 0.78 to 56.30 ± 0.74 μg/g. In general, TCC was higher in the hepatopancreas, followed by the mantle, gonad, gill, kidney, axe foot, and adductor muscle. TCC in gonad, gill, hepatopancreas, kidney, and mantle of purple mussels was significantly higher than that of white mussels. TCC in mussel tissues of H. cumingii was significantly different (P < 0.001) with respect to shell color. There were significant positive correlations between TCC in mussel mantle and shell color intensity. Future studies will assess the biological roles of carotenoids in shell color formation. 相似文献
17.
鲢鳙混养对三角帆蚌生长和养殖水质影响的围隔实验 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
2008年4月23日—9月21日通过围隔实验,研究了不同鲢鳙混养比例对三角帆蚌生长及水化学指标的影响。实验中鲢鳙混养比例设置了6个水平,分别为0/0(对照组),100/0,70/30,50/50,30/70和0/100。实验开始和结束时测量三角帆蚌湿重,壳长和壳宽。每个月上下旬测量围隔水化学指标包括NO3N、NO2N、NH3N、TN、TP、PO4P和COD。实验结果表明,鲢鳙混养比例100/0的围隔蚌壳长相对生长率显著低于混养比例0/0,50/50和0/100的围隔(P<0.05),而不同混养比例下蚌的成活率、蚌壳宽及蚌重增长均无显著差异(P>0.05)。从水质来看,混养比例30/70围隔TP显著低于100/0(P<0.05),COD显著低于100/0及70/30(P<0.05),NH3N显著低于100/0(P<0.05)以及PO4P显著低于70/30(P<0.05)。因此,综合蚌生长及水质指标,混养比例30/70围隔对三角帆蚌养殖最有利。 相似文献
18.
清道夫受体(SR)是一类对化学修饰的脂蛋白具有很强结合活性的糖蛋白家族。本研究通过RACE方法克隆得到三角帆蚌hcSRCR1基因cDNA序列,该序列全长1 000 bp,其中开放阅读框819 bp,编码272个氨基酸,预测分子量为28.16 ku,理论等电点为5.55;预测含有2个SRCR结构域和6个保守的半胱氨酸残基。qRT-PCR和Western blot结果显示,hcSRCR1 mRNA和蛋白表达模式基本相同,均在三角帆蚌外套膜中表达量最高,在其他组织中的表达量普遍较低,且在紫色选育系外套膜组织中的表达量显著高于白色选育系。外套膜原位杂交结果显示,hcSRCR1基因主要在外套膜外褶的内、外上皮细胞层以及腹膜处的上皮细胞层中表达。研究表明,三角帆蚌hcSRCR1基因与贝壳珍珠质颜色形成具有一定相关性,可为进一步研究该基因在珍珠颜色形成过程中的调控机理提供基础资料。 相似文献
19.
Haibo Wen Ruobo Gu Zheming Cao Xin Zhou Zhijuan Nie Xianping Ge Pao Xu Xin Zhou Zhijuan Nie Xianping Ge Pao Xu Dan Hua 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2013,44(1):154-160
The variation and inheritance of juvenile shell color and pigmentation pattern in the freshwater mussel, Hyriopsis cumingii, were reported in 1‐yr‐old progeny of eight families. There were three distinctive phenotypes of shell color and pigmentation patterns observed, including a greenish‐brown shell with radial rays, yellowish‐brown shell with radial rays, and yellowish‐brown shell without radial rays. There were no greenish‐brown individuals without radial rays. The shell color phenotypes showed variation with the growth in juvenile Stage I (1–3 cm in shell length), and the percentage of individuals with radial rays increased once they reached a shell length of 11 mm and then stabilized after reaching 20 mm in shell length. Shell color differentiation became more apparent at a shell length of 26 mm. Results of chi‐square tests of the segregation ratio of shell color or ray phenotypes obtained from eight families at juvenile Stage II (6–9 cm in shell length) suggested that greenish‐brown is controlled by a dominant allele (G) and yellowish‐brown‐shell phenotype is by a recessive allele (y); the ray pattern phenotype is controlled by a recessive (r) and a dominant allele (R) at a single locus. Shell color phenotypes may be a useful genetic marker for future selective breeding of triangle pearl mussels. 相似文献
20.
利用马氏珠母贝4个壳色系F3培育厚层优质珍珠 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了评价红、金黄、白和黑壳色系F3育珠性状,设立两个实验,分别利用马氏珠母贝红、金黄、白和黑壳色系F3作为植核(受体)贝和小片(供体)贝进行植核育珠。实验Ⅰ:利用红、金黄、白和黑壳色系F3为插核贝和小片贝建立16个组合,另外利用以普通养殖群体为插核贝、金黄壳色系F3为小片贝建立了1个组合,共建立17个组合,育珠期为24个月;实验Ⅱ:分别利用红、金黄、白和黑壳色系F3为植核贝和小片贝建立16个组合,育珠期为18个月。结果表明,育珠期结束后实验Ⅰ和Ⅱ的4个壳色系F3平均壳高和成活率均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),实验Ⅰ和Ⅱ的黑壳色系F3具有最大的平均壳高,实验Ⅰ金黄壳色系F3具有最高的成活率,实验Ⅱ黑壳色系F3具有最高的成活率。实验Ⅰ:各组合间的留核率、商品珠率、优良珠率和育珠绩效均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),珍珠层厚度差异不显著(P>0.05);BW组具有最大的留核率、商品珠率、珠层厚度和育珠绩效值,RB组具有最大的优良珠率;实验Ⅱ:各组合的留核率、商品珠率、优良珠率、珍珠层厚度和育珠绩效均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。黑壳色系F3作为插核贝具有较好的育珠效果,经进一步测试其育珠性能,可在珍珠生产中推广应用。 相似文献