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1.
针对我国吉林地区碱化土壤的特点,通过田间小区试验,研究了水稻种植条件下不同用量脱硫石膏对碱化土壤的改良效果,同时进行了脱硫石膏配施聚马来酸酐(HPMA)增强改良效果的研究。结果表明,脱硫石膏可以显著降低碱化土壤pH值、碱化度,其中耕层土壤pH值最大降幅为1.59,碱化度(ESP)降幅在30%以上。施用脱硫石膏主要通过影响土壤水溶性Na~+、Ca~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)、HCO_3~-含量来调节土壤含盐量;适量施用脱硫石膏可以显著降低土壤含盐量,最大降幅为1.81 g·kg~(-1),过量脱硫石膏带入土壤的盐分不能及时淋洗反而会导致土壤含盐量增加。脱硫石膏配施聚马来酸酐对降低土壤pH值、碱化度无显著影响,但在一定程度可以降低土壤含盐量。从改碱与降低含盐量两方面综合考虑,建议东北碱化土壤改良过程中添加脱硫石膏的质量配比以2%为基础进行调整。 相似文献
2.
脱硫石膏对重度苏打盐化土中主要离子淋洗的影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
《水土保持学报》2016,(1)
通过土柱室内淋洗的方法,研究土壤施加不同量(0g/kg,5.5g/kg,11g/kg,22g/kg,33g/kg)的脱硫石膏后,土壤淋洗液中4种盐基离子(Na~+、Ca~(2+)、CO_3~(2-)、SO_4~(2-))动态变化规律,旨在为大同苏打盐化土改良提供理论依据。结果表明,土壤淋洗液中Na~+淋洗量与时间呈显著负相关(P0.05),CO_3~(2-)淋洗量与时间呈显著正相关(P0.05),Ca~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)淋洗量在30d出现峰值,淋洗液pH与时间呈显著正相关(P0.05),四大离子和pH随时间变化显示了苏打盐化土脱盐的过程。在5.5~22g/kg范围内,30d以前,随着土壤脱硫石膏用量逐渐增加,4种盐基离子的淋洗量均逐渐升高;30d以后,随着土壤脱硫石膏用量逐渐增加,4种盐基离子的淋洗量均逐渐降低。此外,和对照相比,施入脱硫石膏能提高苏打盐化土的导水能力。在试验范围内,22g/kg脱硫石膏用量的改良淋洗效果较好。 相似文献
3.
施用石膏对苏北滩涂盐渍土浸提液电导率换算关系的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用土壤饱和浸提液、土水比1︰1浸提液和土水比1︰5浸提液3种方法,测定了苏北滩涂地区施用石膏改良土壤样品的电导率和p H。结果表明:未用石膏改良的土壤饱和浸提液电导率与土水比1︰1及1︰5浸提液电导率之间存在显著相关关系,相关系数分别为0.988和0.979;在施用石膏情况下,土壤饱和浸提液和土水比1︰5浸提液电导率均随石膏添加有一定程度升高,且二者之间仍有良好的线性相关关系,其换算关系为:ECe=1.42+6.86×EC1︰5(r=0.980**);且施用石膏能显著改善土壤碱化程度,降低土壤p H。本实验研究条件下,建议研究区石膏施用量为3 g/kg(即0.6 kg/m2)。 相似文献
4.
脱硫石膏改良重度苏打盐化土的环境效应 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了解连续施用脱硫石膏改良苏打盐化土的持续效应及环境效应,以经过3a大田连续施用不同量脱硫石膏(0,15,22.5,30t/hm~2)改良的重度苏打盐化土为供试土壤,采用盆栽试验方法,研究2a盆栽试验后,脱硫石膏的持续效应对饲草玉米生长、土壤环境以及农作物中重金属累积的影响。结果表明:15t/hm~2用量的脱硫石膏可以显著提高饲草玉米的出苗率、株高、茎粗和生物量,较对照分别提高20.6%,16.8%,8.1%和10.1%,试验范围内改良效果最佳。脱硫石膏使土壤的pH、EC降低,Na~+减少,Ca~(2+)和SO_4~(2-)增加,且脱硫石膏用量越大,影响越大。土壤和饲草玉米地下部中的As、Hg、Ni含量随脱硫石膏用量的增加而增加,试验范围内土壤重金属含量均符合二级国家土壤环境安全标准(GB 15618—1995)。饲草玉米地上部重金属含量与脱硫石膏添加量无显著相关关系,根据饲料卫生标准(GB 13078—2001),各处理玉米中重金属含量均未超标。饲草玉米对重金属的富集作用地下部大于地上部,且对不同重金属富集能力CdHgAsNi。利用适量的脱硫石膏量改良苏打盐化土的持续效应良好,且对环境未造成不良影响。 相似文献
5.
以胡敏酸为研究对象,通过光散射技术比较土壤中常见盐基离子(Na~+、Ca~(2+)和Na~+-Ca~(2+)混合三种电解质)不同浓度条件下胡敏酸胶体凝聚动力学过程,明确不同价态离子界面行为和陪补离子效应对胡敏酸分散稳定性和凝聚体结构的影响。结果发现,Na~+和Ca~(2+)对胡敏酸胶体聚沉能力的差异远远大于舒尔策-哈迪(Schulze-Hardy)规则中因其化合价不同所引起的差异;Na~+-Ca~(2+)混合体系中Ca~(2+)主导凝聚过程,且Na~+-Ca~(2+)混合与Ca~(2+)两种离子体系中凝聚现象的差异随离子浓度的降低而增大;混合离子体系中Na~+作为陪补离子,其陪补离子效应对临界聚沉浓度、颗粒间活化能和胡敏酸凝聚体结构均有一定影响,尤以对凝聚体的结构特征影响显著;Na~+-Ca~(2+)混合体系中胡敏酸凝聚体的结构紧实程度介于单纯离子体系之间,因此可通过调节溶液中的离子组成实现对凝聚体结构紧实程度的调控。上述结果表明,Ca~(2+)对胡敏酸的聚沉不仅依赖于静电作用,还有Ca~(2+)在强电场中的极化诱导其与胡敏酸表面含氧官能团之间发生的共价键和桥键的贡献;此外,陪补离子Na~+与Ca~(2+)在胡敏酸胶体表面的竞争吸附抑制了Ca~(2+)对胡敏酸的聚沉作用,从而形成紧实程度适中的结构体。研究结果为探究胶体界面反应及土壤胶体凝聚机制提供新的思路和理论。 相似文献
6.
通过土柱淋洗试验的方法,研究了脱硫副产物在改良碱性土壤过程中对碱性土壤化学指标(代换性钠、ESP、SAR、pH值)的影响。本研究采用两种碱性土壤(强度碱化土和碱土),两种土壤各分两个脱硫副产物施用水平(强度碱化土为3 g kg-1和3 6 g kg-1;碱土为7 g kg-1和8 4 g kg-1)。结果表明,经过施加烟气脱硫副产物和淋洗各种试验处理的代换性钠、ESP、SAR和pH值都有了明显的降低,碱性土壤得到了改良;同时,高烟气脱硫副产物施加水平的碱性土壤改良效果要优于低施加水平的碱性土壤;强度碱化土和碱土分别施加3 6 g kg-1、8 4 g kg-1烟气脱硫副产物后,在强度碱化土表层(0~40 cm)和碱土表层(0~20 cm)ESP<15、SAR<13和pH<8 5,已经降至中度碱化土水平,改良效果显著。 相似文献
7.
腐解秸秆和脱硫石膏添加对苏打盐渍土淋洗脱盐效率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《土壤与作物》2020,(1)
苏打盐渍化土壤胶体吸附大量交换性Na~+,造成土壤团聚体崩解,粘粒分散,阻塞土壤孔隙。改良苏打盐渍土需两步:一是提供钙源替换交换性Na~+,二是排出盐分。本文研究了腐解玉米秸秆和脱硫石膏不同改良组合对苏打盐渍土淋洗脱盐效率影响。结果表明,所有改良处理均能改善土壤入渗,入渗速率大小为:脱硫石膏脱硫石膏+腐解秸秆腐解秸秆对照;含脱硫石膏处理显著提高土壤饱和导水率(Ks),在短时间内腐解秸秆处理不能改善土壤导水性,在70 d后才有效果;腐解秸秆处理土壤含水率最高,材料保水性好;淋出液化学性质显示,各改良处理均能促进钠离子的淋洗;土壤化学性质显示,淋洗后各处理土壤盐分均显著下降;脱硫石膏和脱硫石膏+腐解秸秆处理与对照相比,土壤pH降低更显著;各改良处理土壤可溶性钠离子含量显著低于对照,并且土壤中可溶性钙镁等二价阳离子显著高于对照;各改良处理土壤钠吸附比(SAR)均显著低于对照组。 相似文献
8.
不同灌水量对黄河三角洲盐碱地改良效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过室内土柱模拟试验,研究不同灌水量对盐渍土的改良效果。试验共设计3个不同灌水量,分别为S1 (200 mm)、S2 (300 mm)、S3 (400 mm)。结果表明:(1)灌溉淋洗对0—40 cm土壤盐分淋失影响较大,其中0—20 cm脱盐率最高,表现为S3S2S1,不同处理在剖面上均出现积盐,S1、S2在40—60 cm出现积盐,说明低灌水量对土壤表层盐分具有淋洗作用,但会造成底层土壤盐分累积;(2)K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)、HCO_3~-含量在灌水后有较大幅度的下降,且整体溶脱率随灌溉水量的增加而增加。各离子在0—20 cm随灌水量增加表现为不同的变化规律,Ca~(2+)先溶脱后积累,HCO_3~-变化规律与Ca~(2+)相反,表现为先积累后溶脱,其他离子均随灌水量的增加而减少;(3)灌水后,S1、S2的pH在剖面上的分布与灌水前相似,0—40 cm土壤总碱度随灌水量增加呈先增后减的趋势,表现为先碱化再脱碱,与土壤pH变化一致。研究成果可为盐碱地改良和节水灌溉提供参考。 相似文献
9.
淋洗水质和水量对宁夏龟裂碱土水盐运移的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
《水土保持学报》2015,(6)
为了探明龟裂碱土土壤剖面盐分分布与淋洗水质和水量的定量化关系,为宁夏引黄灌区龟裂碱土改良提供科学依据,通过室内土柱淋洗试验,开展了脱硫石膏施用下水质和水量对宁夏龟裂碱土水盐运移影响的研究。结果表明:脱硫石膏施用下龟裂碱土随着入渗时间的增加,累积入渗水量和湿润锋深度呈先急剧增加再缓慢增加的趋势,同一淋洗水量下入渗历时表现为黄河水沟水农田排水,淋洗水中的Na~+对龟裂碱土土壤入渗能力的影响较大;与土壤初始值相比,各处理0—20cm土层土壤pH值均有不同程度的降低,土壤脱盐率在79.53%~90.83%之间,阳离子溶脱率均表现为Mg~(2+)Na~+;利用农田排水淋洗龟裂碱土在降低0—40cm土层土壤全盐和主要盐分离子Na~+、Cl~-、Mg~(2+)、HCO_3~-含量方面效果较黄河水更为明显,淋洗水质对0—40cm土层Mg~(2+)和HCO_3~-溶脱率的影响表现为黄河水沟水农田排水。由于所用农田排水矿化度较低,农田排水淋洗处理土壤下层盐分聚积现象并没有比黄河水处理更明显。 相似文献
10.
脱硫石膏糠醛渣对碱化盐土入渗及盐分离子的影响研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
《土壤通报》2017,(5):1210-1217
针对甘肃白银碱化盐土质地黏重、透水性差、难以改良利用等瓶颈问题,在统一施用有机肥30 t hm-2的基础上,采用灌溉淋洗及施用脱硫石膏、糠醛渣进行改良。通过室内土柱入渗试验,研究施用改良剂对碱化盐土的入渗率、累积入渗量、湿润锋随时间的变化规律及盐分离子的影响。试验结果表明:改良措施对土壤入渗和盐分离子动态影响显著,在统一施用脱硫石膏30 t hm-2、糠醛渣7.5 t hm-2和有机肥30 t hm-2的条件下,处理后土壤任意时刻入渗率、湿润锋推进距离、累积入渗量与入渗时间呈幂函数关系;pH值、碱化度、全盐含量显著降低,Na+、CO32-、HCO3-含量显著降低。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
19.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
20.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献