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1.
湘西植烟土壤有机质含量分布及其影响因素 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
为了解湘西州植烟土壤有机质含量分布状况及其影响因素,测试了湘西州7个主要烟区488个土壤样本的有机质含量,采用传统统计学和地统计学方法分析了湘西州植烟土壤有机质含量分布及土壤类型、海拔高度、pH值等影响因素。结果表明:1湘西州植烟土壤有机质含量总体适宜,平均值为21.69g/kg,变幅为3.12~62.97g/kg,变异系数为40.64%,处于适宜范围内的样本占41.48%;2不同县之间的植烟土壤有机质含量差异达极显著水平,永顺县、凤凰县、龙山县植烟土壤有机质含量总体上处于适宜水平,其他各县总体处于较低水平;3湘西州植烟土壤有机质含量在空间分布上是从东北部、西部和西南部向州中部及东南方向减少,在永顺县东南部、保靖县的西部各有一个高值区;4不同植烟类型土壤的有机质含量差异达显著水平,灰黄棕土、水稻土、灰黄泥、浅灰黄泥、黄壤的有机质含量属适宜水平,其他类型土壤的有机质含量偏低;5不同海拔高度的植烟土壤有机质含量差异达极显著水平,湘西州植烟土壤有机质含量有随海拔升高而升高的趋势;6不同pH的植烟土壤有机质含量差异极显著,主要为pH>7.0的植烟土壤有机质含量较高。 相似文献
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喀斯特地区湘西州植烟土壤pH分布特征及其影响因素 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
为了解湘西州植烟土壤pH特征,于2015年采集湘西烟区1 242个土壤样本,采用传统统计学和地统计学方法分析了湘西州植烟土壤pH区域分布和空间分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)湘西烟区植烟土壤pH变幅为4.17~8.17,平均值为6.12,变异系数为18.30%;处于植烟土壤pH适宜范围内(pH为5.5~7.0)的样本占34.06%,pH小于5.0的植烟土壤样本为20.77%,pH大于7.5的植烟土壤样本为18.20%;(2)7个主产烟县植烟土壤pH平均值在5.44~6.84;不同县植烟土壤pH差异极显著;(3)植烟土壤pH有从西向东递减的分布趋势;(4)成土母岩、土壤类型、水土流失状况、灌溉能力、海拔高度、耕作层厚度、有机质含量、土壤颗粒组成显著影响植烟土壤pH;(5)水土流失严重、无灌溉能力和耕作层较浅的烟田、紫色砂页岩发育的土壤、红壤和红黄壤以及粘粒比例较大的土壤容易酸化;(6)土壤pH呈现出随海拔降低和有机质含量升高而升高的趋势。 相似文献
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喀斯特地区植烟土壤有效硼含量分布及其影响因素—— 以湘西州烟区为例 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
采集湘西州488个植烟土壤样本,采用传统统计学和地统计学方法分析了湘西州植烟土壤有效硼含量分布及其影响因素。结果表明：①湘西州植烟土壤有效硼含量总体上略偏高,平均值为0.728 mg/kg,变幅在0.05?～?2.21 mg/kg,变异系数为53.46%,处于适宜范围内的样本占30.00%。②植烟土壤有效硼含量在空间分布上呈斑块状分布态势,永顺县的西部为一个低值区,东部为一个高值区。③蔬菜和油菜前茬的土壤有效硼含量相对较高;黄棕壤土壤的有效硼含量极显著地高于红灰土和红壤土类型。④有效硼含量有随海拔、pH、土壤有机质含量升高而升高的趋势。 相似文献
4.
为了研究龙山县植烟土壤有效硼分布状况及影响因素,以期为龙山县植烟土壤硼素的养分管理及特色优质烟叶开发提供理论依据;在龙山县采集植烟土壤样本294个,采用地统计学、多元统计学方法研究植烟土壤有效硼的空间分布及其影响因素,从描述性统计结果来看,龙山县植烟土壤有效硼含量总体丰富,平均值为0.792mg/kg,但变异较大,适宜样本比例为33.33%;从地统计分析结果来看,龙山县北部及东南部有效硼含量丰富,西部较为缺乏;影响因素研究的结果显示,随着海拔高度上升土壤有效硼呈先上升后下降的趋势;土壤有效硼与交换性钙及交换性镁呈极显著正相关关系;土壤有效硼含量随土壤有机质含量升高而升高;土壤有效硼含量随土壤pH值升高而升高。龙山县植烟土壤有效硼含量较为丰富,海拔高度、土壤质地和类型、有机质、pH值、交换性钙镁都影响土壤有效硼含量,土壤有效硼区域差异较大,建议在西部缺硼区域适当增施硼肥。 相似文献
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以四川凉攀区植烟土壤为研究对象,研究了不同海拔高度、土壤类型、植烟年限和前茬作物下植烟土壤酚酸类物质的含量分布和变异特征。结果表明:(1)植烟过程显著增加了土壤酚酸类物质的累积,变异系数均超过了50%,单类酚酸物质中以对羟基苯甲酸的含量最高(66.18μg/g);(2)除阿魏酸、肉桂酸外,1 600～2 000 m海拔高度的植烟土壤中酚酸类物质含量高于1 200～1 600 m海拔高度;海拔高度超过2 000 m后,土壤酚酸类物质(除水溶性酚外)的含量反而下降。(3)植烟水稻土酚酸类物质含量高于紫色土和红壤;对同一土壤不同区域而言,仁和区红壤的总酚和复合态酚平均含量和变异系数均明显高于盐源县,平均含量增幅分别为10.23%和20.51%。(4)植烟土壤酚酸类物质含量明显高于非植烟土壤,除土壤水溶性酚以及会东县土壤的苯甲酸、肉桂酸平均含量的最大值均在植烟年限为1～3 a的土壤外,该烟区土壤的酚酸类物质含量随植烟年限的增加呈增加趋势。(5)前茬未种植作物时(即冬闲),植烟土壤酚酸类物质含量较高,促进了酚酸类物质的累积;光叶紫花苕为前茬作物时,对植烟土壤酚酸类物质有一定的消解作用,降低了土壤中酚酸类物质的累积,尤其对总酚、复合态酚和对羟基苯甲酸的消减作用最为明显。总体上,海拔高度较低、种植年限较短、前茬作物为光叶紫花苕的红壤中酚酸类物质含量较低,因此在凉攀区,在红壤中种植光叶紫花苕这类绿肥可以消减植烟土壤酚酸类物质的累积。 相似文献
6.
曲靖植烟土壤pH分布特征及其影响因素研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探明曲靖植烟土壤pH状况,在曲靖烟区采集土壤样品3 456份,分析其土壤pH空间变异情况及影响因素。结果表明,曲靖植烟土壤pH均值为6.28,变幅为4.16~8.50,pH值<5.5的土壤样品所占比例为24.36%,pH值>7的土壤样品所占比例为22.56%;各县植烟土壤pH均值在5.43~6.57之间。曲靖植烟土壤pH空间结构为指数模型,其空间变异由结构因子和随机因子共同决定,不同等级呈插花状分布。海拔高度、地形地貌、土壤类型、土壤质地、有机质含量、盐基阳离子和阴离子均显著或极显著影响植烟土壤pH;随着海拔升高,土壤pH呈下降趋势;不同土壤类型以黄壤土pH最高,红壤土pH最低;不同质地土壤以中壤土pH最低,以砂壤土pH最高;土壤pH与土壤有机质含量、速效钾、有效钙含量、有效镁含量和阳离子总量等均符合对数函数模型;土壤pH与土壤有效硫符合“Ⅴ”字型分段线性模型,与水溶性氯符合对数函数模型。本研究结果为曲靖烟区土壤保育提供了科学依据。 相似文献
7.
毕节烟区土壤pH值分布状况及与土壤养分的关系 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
分析了贵州省毕节市植烟土壤pH的分布状况及与土壤养分的关系。研究表明,毕节市植烟土壤pH平均值为6.39,变异系数为11.87%,pH值处于最适宜范围(5.5~6.5)的土壤样本数占总样本数的44.83%;各县(市)pH最适宜的土壤样本数占各地总样本的比例由高到低顺序为:金沙(67.44%)>织金(64.29%)>大方(54.84%)>七星关(47.54%)>黔西(36.59%)>威宁(35.19%)>赫章(24.24%)>纳雍(15.38%)。不同土壤类型pH平均值高低顺序为:石灰土>紫色土>潮土>黄壤>黄棕壤;毕节烟区土壤pH与全氮含量呈极显著正相关,与有效硼和有效锌的含量呈显著正相关,而与铵态氮、有效锰、有效铁的含量呈现极显著负相关。毕节市植烟土壤的有机质、全氮、有效硫、铜、锰、铁的含量丰富,但全磷、有效硼、水溶性氯的含量偏低或极低。 相似文献
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9.
湘西植烟土壤pH和主要养分特征及其相互关系 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
为了解湘西烟区植烟土壤pH和主要养分特征及其相互关系,于2015年采集烟区1 242个土壤样本,研究了植烟土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的适宜性分布、县域分布以及pH与这些养分指标的量化关系。结果表明:1湘西烟区植烟土壤pH平均值为6.12,有20.77%样品偏酸和18.20%的样品偏碱;有机质和碱解氮含量的平均值分别为28.42 g/kg和145.63 mg/kg,总体上处于适宜水平;有效磷含量的平均值为28.94 mg/kg,有近40%样品偏高;速效钾含量平均值为198.76 mg/kg,有近45%的样品偏低。2主产烟县植烟土壤pH和养分差异极显著。3土壤主要养分含量与pH之间呈现曲线关系;当pH5.5时或pH8.0时,随土壤pH变化,主要养分含量变化较大;当pH在5.5~8.0时,随土壤pH变化,主要养分含量变化平缓。当pH5.5时,随土壤pH升高,有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量快速下降;当pH在5.5~8.0时,随土壤pH升高,有机质、有效磷和速效钾含量缓慢升高,碱解氮含量缓慢下降;当pH8.0时,随土壤pH升高,有机质、碱解氮、有效磷含量快速下降,速效钾含量快速升高。 相似文献
10.
分析昆明烟区5个年度（2012—2020年）共4 888份植烟土壤pH和中微量营养元素的年际变化特征，为预测和阻控土壤酸化及科学配施中微量营养元素提供理论基础。结果表明，2012—2020年：①pH均值介于6.0~6.4，主要分布在微酸性至中性范围，随种植年限的增加，强酸性土壤频度增加，微酸性和中性土壤减少；②有机质均值变幅为29.7~32.2 g/kg，自2018年后有所下降；③交换性镁均值介于240.6~270.7 mg/kg，整体较丰富，随种植年限增加略有降低；④有效锌主要分布在很高等级，有效硼和水溶性氯主要分布在低和很低等级；⑤除pH外，5个年度的土壤有机质、交换性镁、有效锌、有效硼和水溶性氯样本的空间变异性较高。综上所述，在常规施肥管理模式下，昆明烟区植烟土壤酸碱度、有机质和交换性镁含量整体适宜，近年来有缓慢下降趋势；有效硼和水溶性氯含量整体偏低，均表现出一定的时空异质性。因此，基于昆明烟区常规施肥水平上，在注重提高有机肥和硼肥施用量，降低锌肥施用量的同时，应保持土壤交换性镁和水溶性氯的平衡。 相似文献
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低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
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Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
15.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
16.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
17.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
18.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
19.
Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells. 相似文献
20.
Yoav Bashan Bernardo Salazar Ma. Esther Puente Macario Bacilio Robert Linderman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,45(6):585-594
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse
trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus
were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB;
the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons
reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened
later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons
growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants,
no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi,
enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant.
In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after
30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination
only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity
to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as
compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it. 相似文献