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微生态效应添加剂甘露寡糖应用研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
1 饲料用甘露寡糖的来源及代谢特点 甘露寡糖(Mannose-oligosaccharides,MOS),指由甘露糖和葡萄糖组成的寡糖,通过(1-6)、。(1-2)或。(1-3)糖苷键连接。和其他寡糖一样,其理化性质很大程度上取决于它的化学组成,一般在生理pH值和通常饲料加工条件下较为稳定,易溶于水和其他极性溶剂,当溶液中加入有机溶剂时会使其沉淀或结晶,它的甜度低于蔗糖。 饲料MOS主要来源于酵母细胞壁提取物(Mul和Perry,1994)。酵母细胞壁甘露寡糖及可溶性多糖的提纯方法见《复合多糖的生化技术》。目前可提出60种不同的甘露蛋白复合物,而作为饲料添加剂用的MOS多为二糖、三糖、四糖等结构的混合物。 相似文献
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<正>甘露寡糖(MOS)是一种从酵母细胞壁中提取的磷酸化葡萄糖甘露寡糖复合物,它广泛存在于魔芋粉、瓜儿豆胶、田菁胶及多种微生物细胞壁内。饲料用商品MOS主要来源于酵母细胞壁提取物,多 相似文献
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毕小艳 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2012,32(12):63-64
甘露寡糖(Mannose-OigoSaccharides,MOS)又称甘露低聚糖或葡甘露聚糖,是寡糖的一种。MOS是从富含MOS的酵母细胞壁中通过酶解法提取出来的磷酸化的葡甘露聚糖蛋白复合体,是甘露低聚糖的俗称。甘露寡糖应用到畜牧生产中具有减少大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌等致病菌数量,增加乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌数量,有效改善肠道内微生物环境,从而提高动物日增重和饲料 相似文献
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采用先进的微生物体外累积发酵产气法和分子生物学鉴定技术研究了天然多糖--香菇,银耳和黄芪多糖对鸡肠道微生物菌群及其发酵动力学的影响,观察了中药多糖作为抗生素替代品对鸡的抗病促生长作用以及它们对肠道微生态体系和免疫系统的影响。结果表明,中药多糖经微生物发酵产生挥发性脂肪酸(VFA),使有益菌大量增生,同时发酵产生的酸性物质降低整个肠道pH值,抑制有害菌的生长;多糖还可减少氨气等有害气体产生,减少对环境的影响;多糖能显著提高鸡的细胞和体液免疫应答,增强动物防御系统的作用,可以部分替代抗生素添加剂应用于肉仔鸡的生产。饲养试验表明,多糖和抗生素对健康鸡的促生长作用都不明显,而对感染鸡具有显著的抗病促生长作用。 相似文献
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天然免疫活性多糖替代抗生素添加剂的作用研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用先进的微生物体外累积发酵产气法和分子生物学鉴定技术研究了天然多糖一香菇，银耳和黄芪多糖对鸡肠道微生物菌群及其发酵动力学的影响，观察了中药多糖作为抗生素替代品对鸡的抗病促生长作用以及它们对肠道微生态体系和免疫系统的影响。结果表明，中药多糖经微生物发酵产生挥发性脂肪酸（VFA），使有益菌大量增生，同时发酵产生的酸性物质降低整个肠道pH值，抑制有害茼的生长；多糖还可减少氨气等有害气体产生，减少对环境的影响；多糖能显著提高鸡的细胞和体液免疫应答，增强动物防御系统的作用，可以部分替代抗生素添加刑应用于内仔鸡的生产。饲养试验表明，多糖和抗生素对健康鸡的促生长作用都不明显，而对感染鸡具有显著的抗病促生长作用。 相似文献
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酵母甘露寡糖(MOS)作为酵母细胞壁中的主要功能成分之一,其在调控肠道微生态区系,提高动物免疫方面的功效日益引起人们的关注.本文主要简述酵母甘露寡糖的生物学功能及其在生猪养殖中的应用情况. 相似文献
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蒋惠男刘影 《上海畜牧兽医通讯》2014,(1):50-51
<正>甘露寡糖(Mannose-oligosaccharides,MOS),又称甘露低聚糖或葡甘露寡聚糖,是寡聚糖中最具前景的一个。甘露寡糖不被单胃动物消化道酶分解,并且由酵母细胞壁提取而来的甘露寡糖能承受饲料加工的高温处理(121℃,20 min),从而保持其结构和功能的完整性不被破坏。甘露寡糖化学性质稳定,不被动物消化,也不能被有害菌利用,只能被消化道有益菌群如双歧杆菌和乳酸菌利用,通过优化肠道微生物生态系而对宿主起到有益的保健 相似文献
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Effects of mushroom and herb polysaccharides, as alternatives for an antibiotic, on growth performance of broilers 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Guo FC Kwakkel RP Williams BA Li WK Li HS Luo JY Li XP Wei YX Yan ZT Verstegen MW 《British poultry science》2004,45(5):684-694
(1) This in vivo trial was conducted to study the effects of polysaccharide extracts of two mushrooms, Lentinus edodes (LenE) and Tremella fuciformis (TreE), and a herb, Astragalus membranaceus (AstE) on growth performance, and the weights of organs and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broiler chickens. (2) Three extracts (LenE, TreE and AstE) were supplemented at inclusion rates of 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g/kg from 7 to 14 d of age and compared with an antibiotic treatment group (20 mg/kg, virginiamycin (VRG) as well as a group of non-supplemented birds. (3) Body weight (BW) gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the extract-supplemented groups were not significantly different from those of the antibiotic group. Significant effects of type of extract and concentration on growth performance were found from 7 to 28 d of age. Generally, birds fed with LenE showed higher BW gain and lower FCR from 7 to 28 d of age than those fed with TreE and AstE and 2 g/kg LenE was considered the optimal inclusion rate for enhanced broiler growth. However, the extracts had no significant effect on the relative weights of organs and GIT compared with the antibiotic group. (4) The birds fed the extracts showed better growth performance than the non-supplemented birds, but were not significantly different from those fed VRG. Of the three extracts, LenE appeared to be a potential growth promoter. Future studies are needed to investigate whether the extracts can be used as alternatives for antibiotic growth promoters in challenged birds, and to elucidate the mechanisms for potentially enhanced growth performance in poultry. 相似文献
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An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of polysaccharide extracts (E) of two mushrooms, Lentinus edodes (LenE) and Tremella fuciformis (TreE), and an herb, Astragalus membranaceus (AstE), on the immune responses of chickens infected with Eimeria tenella. A total of 180 broiler chickens were assigned to nine groups: three groups were fed with each of the extracts (LenE, TreE, and AstE), three groups were fed with the extracts and immunized with live oocyst vaccine (LenE+V, TreE+V, and AstE+V), a group was immunized with the vaccine only, and there were two controls (E. tenella-infected and noninfected groups). The oocyst vaccine was given at 4 days of age, and the extracts (1 g/kg of the diet) were supplemented from 8 to 14 days of age. At 18 days of age, all birds except those in the noninfected group were infected with 9 x 10(4) sporulated oocysts. The results showed that at 7 days postinfection (p.i.), birds fed the extracts without vaccination had lower body weight (BW) gain than those given the vaccine only. However, the extracts in conjunction with the vaccine significantly enhanced BW gain of the infected chickens compared with the vaccine group. Of the three extracts, LenE and TreE showed a better growth-promoting effect. The extracts largely increased oocyst excretion of droppings during the primary response postvaccination. The cecal peak oocyst output and lesion scores measured at 7 days p.i. were higher in the groups fed the extracts than in the group immunized with the vaccine only, whereas those of the groups fed with the extracts and immunized with the vaccine were not significantly different from the vaccine group. Of the three extracts, both LenE- and AstE-fed groups showed lower cecal oocyst output. Thus, as compared with the extracts, the live, attenuated vaccine showed better results with significantly increased immune response in coccidial infected birds. The polysaccharide extracts may prove useful against avian coccidiosis, and, particularly when they are used in conjunction with vaccine, they have shown preliminary promise against the experimental coccidial infection. 相似文献
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益生菌FGM株发酵黄芪后,产物粗多糖得率显著提高。为进一步提高FGM株发酵黄芪转化多糖的稳定性,本试验将连续传代的FGM株种子液接种黄芪进行液体发酵,采用细菌平板计数法和苯酚-硫酸法分别测定发酵前、后的细菌总数和发酵后黄芪多糖的含量,并对结果进行了统计学分析。结果表明菌种在多次连续传代后会产生菌种退化现象,发酵产物中多糖含量与种子液细菌总数呈极显著相关（P=0.007）,其中第4代种子液发酵黄芪转化多糖的性能最高。 相似文献
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为确定益生菌FGM发酵黄芪多糖的最佳提取工艺,本试验以发酵黄芪多糖含量为考察指标,采用响应面法对工艺的提取参数进行优化,并建立回归模型。结果显示,提取时间、提取温度和料液比对发酵黄芪多糖的含量影响显著,并且两两因素间存在一定的交互作用;影响发酵黄芪多糖提取含量的工艺因素按主次顺序排列为：料液比 > 提取温度 > 提取时间;乳酸菌发酵黄芪液多糖提取最佳工艺为：提取时间65 min、提取温度80℃、料液比为1：9,在此条件下,发酵黄芪多糖的含量为6.72 mg/mL。试验证明该工艺可行,可为新兽药开发提供参考。 相似文献
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酵母细胞壁多糖的主要活性成分是β-葡聚糖和甘露聚糖,在动物机体内与肠道受体竞争吸附病原菌以及在肠道降解提供能量,改善动物肠道环境;也会利用其结构与Fe2+离子螯合抑制羟自由基的产生以及防止脂质过氧化连锁反应等,提高抗氧化能力;其特有的化学位点会通过多种分子间作用力吸附霉菌毒素;β-葡聚糖和甘露聚糖通过作用于巨噬细胞调节多种细胞因子,通过多个途径增强机体的特异性和非特异性免疫力。目前在养殖业中酵母细胞壁多糖可用于替代金霉素、硫酸黏杆菌素等抗生素控制鸡的坏死性肠炎、减少水产动物细菌感染、降低猪、牛等幼畜腹泻率、预防各种老化性疾病以及促进动物生长发育。对酵母细胞壁多糖现有的提取方法进行比较,提取酵母细胞壁β-葡聚糖,选用超声辅助酶解产率最高、效果最好;用低浓度的氢氧化钠（NaOH）溶液提取甘露聚糖以及酶碱法提取酵母细胞壁多糖效果最好。分离纯化技术包括有脱蛋白、脱色、单一多糖的分离,将其分离纯化效果分别比较,除去酵母细胞壁多糖中蛋白质的最佳方法是Sevage法;脱除色素的最佳方法是颗粒活性炭吸附法;单一多糖分离纯化采用DEAE-纤维素A52阴离子交换柱和Sephadex G-100柱联用的方法最佳。酵母细胞壁多糖结构鉴定一般采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定多糖的单糖组成,高效凝胶渗透色谱测定多糖的均匀性和分子质量,傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）和核磁共振（NMR）测定多糖的精细结构。文章通过对酵母细胞壁多糖的作用及应用、提取、分离纯化和鉴定技术进行阐述,为酵母细胞壁多糖作为抗生素替代品在畜牧业生产中的推广应用提供理论依据,为抗生素替代品的研发提供新的思路。 相似文献
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黄芪多糖对小鼠免疫细胞信号转导相关分子的影响 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：20
为探讨黄芪多糖(APS)免疫调节的作用机理，观察了黄芪多糖对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞一氧化氮(NO)生成、对体外培养的小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞内游离钙离子水平和蛋白激酶C(PKC)活性的影响。结果显示黄芪多糖能明显促进小白鼠腹腔巨噬细胞NO生成，显著升高小鼠脾淋巴细胞内游离钙离子的水平，引起细胞PKC活性明显升高。提示黄芪多糖通过NO介导信号传递通路，调节脾淋巴细胞内游离钙离子的浓度，升高细胞蛋白激酶活性而影响机体免疫细胞的信号转导，发挥其免疫调节作用。 相似文献
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黄芪化学成分及其有效成分黄芪甲苷含量测定的研究现状 总被引：24，自引：1，他引：24
黄芪的化学成分众多,主要含皂苷类、黄酮类、多糖类及氨基酸类等.本文综述了黄芪和部分其他品种黄芪化学成分的研究进展及其有效成分黄芪甲苷含量测定方法的研究现状. 相似文献
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