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1.
[目的] 植物品种特异性(distinctness)、一致性(uniformity)和稳定性(stability) 测试(简称：DUS测试)是品种保护、品种审定、品种登记的必要条件。研制茄子(Solanum melongena L.)品种DUS测试指南旨在为测试和品种权实质审查工作提供科学依据。[方法]以《植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南 总则》(GB/T19557.1)为总体原则,以国际植物新品种保护联盟颁布的《植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南 茄子》(TG/117/4)为参考,通过对243份茄子品种的田间试验和多次同行专家修订,完成茄子的DUS测试指南(国家标准报批稿)。[结果]指南确定了42个测试性状及描述方法,筛选出20个标准品种,明确了茄子特判定、一致性和稳定性判定的原则。[结论]指南为我国茄子DUS测试的品种描述和特异性、一致性、稳定性判定提供了技术标准。笔者重点介绍了指南的编制原则和过程、测试性状的选择和标准品种的选用,以及特异性、一致性、稳定性的判定标准。  相似文献   

2.
Basmati rice is highly susceptible to bacterial blight (BB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Transfer of BB resistance genes from non‐Basmati sources to Basmati through cross‐hybridization requires strict monitoring for recovery of the desirable Basmati quality traits in the recombinants, which show complex inheritance pattern. We integrated background analysis using mapped microsatellite markers with foreground selection to identify superior lines that combine useful genes from a non‐Basmati BB resistance donor line IRBB55 with grain and cooking quality characteristics of the popular Basmati rice variety ‘Pusa Basmati 1’ (PB 1) employing backcross pedigree strategy. Foreground selection using linked markers ensured presence of two genes, xa13 and Xa21 for BB resistance from IRBB55, and the recurrent parent PB 1 allele for the waxy locus giving intermediate amylose content and maintainer allele at fertility restorer locus in the BC1F5 recombinants. Background analysis enabled selection of recombinants with recurrent parent genome to the extent of 86.3% along with the quality traits. The extent of introgression of non‐Basmati donor chromosome segments in the superior selections was estimated to be < 7.8 Mb and < 6.7 Mb in the xa13 and Xa21 linked genomic regions, respectively. Association mapping identified three quantitative trait loci, one each for 1000‐grain weight, fertile grains/panicle and cooked kernel length. The backcross‐pedigree breeding strategy facilitated recovery of additional desirable characteristics from the donor in some of the selections. The elite selection Pusa 1460‐01‐32‐6‐7‐67 with maximum genomic background and quality characteristics of the recurrent Basmati parent gave resistance reaction against BB, similar to that of the non‐Basmati resistant check variety and recorded an yield advantage of 11.9% over the best check in the multiplication agronomic trial in the Basmati growing region of India. This line, which has been released as a new variety in the name of ‘Improved Pusa Basmati 1’ for commercial cultivation in India, is an example of successful application of marker assisted selection to variety development.  相似文献   

3.
Molecular markers provide novel tools to differentiate between the various grades of Basmati rice, maintain fair-trade practices and to determine its relationship with other rice groups in Oryza sativa. We have evaluated the genetic diversity and patterns of relationships among the 18 rice genotypes representative of the traditional Basmati, cross-bred Basmati and non-Basmati (indica and japonica) rice varieties using AFLP, ISSR and SSR markers. All the three marker systems generated higher levels of polymorphism and could distinguish between all the 18 rice cultivars. The minimum number of assay-units per system needed to distinguish between all the cultivars was one for AFLP, two for ISSR and five for SSR. A total of 171 (110 polymorphic), 240 (188 polymorphic) and 160 (159 polymorphic) bands were detected using five primer combinations of AFLP, 25 UBC ISSR primers and 30 well distributed, mapped SSR markers, respectively. The salient features of AFLP, ISSR and SSR marker data analyzed using clustering algorithms, principal component analysis, Mantel test and AMOVA analysis are as given below: (i) the two traditional Basmati rice varieties were genetically distinct from indica and japonica rice varieties and invariably formed a separate cluster, (ii) the six Basmati varieties developed from various indica × Basmati rice crosses and backcrosses were grouped variably depending upon the marker system employed; CSR30 and Super being more closer to traditional Basmati followed by HKR228, Kasturi, Pusa Basmati 1 and Sabarmati, (iii) AFLP, ISSR and SSR marker data-sets showed moderate levels of positive correlation (Mantel test, r = 0.42–0.50), and (iv) the partitioning of the variance among and within rice groups (traditional Basmati, cross-bred Basmati, indica and japonica) using AMOVA showed greater variation among than within groups using SSR data-set, while reverse was true for both ISSR and AFLP data-sets. The study emphasizes the need for using a combination of different marker systems for a comprehensive genetic analysis of Basmati rice germplasm. The high-level polymorphism generated by SSR, ISSR and AFLP assays described in this study shall provide novel markers to differentiate between traditional Basmati rice supplies from cheaper cross-bred Basmati and long-grain non-Basmati varieties at commercial level.The first two authors have equal contribution  相似文献   

4.
Aroma and cooked kernel elongation (CKE) are the two most important quality traits, which differentiate the highly valued Basmati rice from other rice types. Previous studies on genetic analysis have shown that genes/QTLs for these two traits are linked and present on chromosome number 8. We have evaluated the genetic diversity in 33 rice genotypes representative of the traditional Basmati (TB), cross-bred Basmati derived from indica × Basmati rice crosses and non-Basmati (indica and japonica) rice varieties for chromosome number 8 using 26 SSR markers including a specific marker (SCU-SSR1) for RG28 locus; the results have been compared with whole genome based SSR allelic data. The 26 SSR markers (24 polymorphic and 2 monomorphic) amplified a total of 106 alleles; 21 of these alleles were detected to be unique, present in only one genotype. The number and size of the alleles, and polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged between 1–8, 87–312 and 0–0.736 bp, respectively. SCU-SSR1 marker amplified a total of three alleles (128, 129 and 130 bp). All the TB varieties except Basmati 217 (129 bp) and 7/13 cross-bred Basmati varieties had the 130 bp allele. Alleles of 129 and 128 bp were present in majority of the indica and japonica varieties, respectively. The average pair-wise Jaccard similarity coefficients for TB, indica and japonica varieties were 0.512, 0.483 and 0.251, respectively. Average similarity coefficient between TB and japonica was higher (0.236) compared to that between TB and indicas (0.150). Genetic relationships as determined by Principal Component Analysis (PCA, NTSYS-pc), PowerMarker tree, and Structure analyses, clearly showed high-level differentiation between TB and indica rice varieties, which formed two distinct clusters. The cross-bred Basmati and japonica rice genotypes were placed between these two clusters. Basmati 217 and Ranbir Basmati were quite divergent from rest of the TB varieties. Some of cross-bred Basmati varieties including Super, CSR30 and kernel were closer to TB. Indica rice varieties, CSR10 (salt tolerant variety) and Pokkali (salt tolerant landrace) formed a separate distinct cluster. The Pritchard structure analysis divided the rice genotypes in four major sub-populations of TB, cross-bred Basmati, indica and japonica (including Ranbir Basmati and Basmati 217) rice varieties. Chromosome 8 data-set showed a positive correlation (Mantel test, r = 0.739) with the allelic data-set for 30 SSR markers well-distributed on 12 rice chromosomes indicating a higher level of similarity between the two. The study demonstrates the distinctness of TB from other rice types (indica and japonica) and also provides several novel markers for differentiation between TB rice supplies from cheaper cross-bred Basmati and long-grain non-Basmati varieties at commercial level.  相似文献   

5.
小白菜品种的SSR指纹图谱及遗传特异性分析   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
为研制我国小白菜品种的DUS测试标准,搜集和筛选了形态差异大、不同生态类型的地方品种和目前生产上栽培面积大的杂交一代品种80份,在植物学性状调查的基础上,利用SSR标记对80份小白菜品种进行了遗传特异性分析,构建了SSR指纹图谱.从131对SSR引物中筛选了20对多态引物组合,对80个品种进行了分析,共检测出56个多态性条带,多态性比率73.68%,平均每对引物组合产生2.8个多态性条带.用5对引物Na12E02、Na12A08、Ni4D09、BRMS-269和BRMS-296的组合获得了每个品种的SSR特征带,可以将80个品种区分开来,从而建立80份小白菜品种的SSR指纹图谱.基于SSR标记的聚类分析表明,形态相似或来源相同的品种遗传基础相近,以遗传距离为0.36为划分标准,87.50%的品种具有遗传特异性.  相似文献   

6.
Growing numbers of candidate varieties, decrease of their variability for morphological traits, and internationalization of the national list all contribute to excessive increase of the trial costs, thus creating the need for the improvement of current variety evaluation procedures, especially regards their distinctness, Uniformity, and Stability (DUS) component. Due to rapid advancement in molecular techniques, the use of molecular markers in DUS testing as a complement to, or replacement of, morphological observations became the subject of great interest in scientific studies, and consequently topic for discussion within International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). In order to explore the potential of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for distinctness tests, present study involved set of 41 maize inbred lines that were scored for 32 DUS characters prescribed by UPOV and genotyped at 28 SSR loci. Results were largely in favor of the use of molecular markers, revealing or confirming their already known advantages over morphological markers like better consistency with the pedigree, and relatively higher discriminative power. However, their integration into DUS testing protocols still depends upon resolving of several important issues.  相似文献   

7.
蝴蝶兰新品种DUS测试指南的研制   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  
植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性(DUS)测试是新品种保护的基础和依据,为适应中国蝴蝶兰的发展以及与国际接轨的需要,研制了蝴蝶兰DUS测试指南。蝴蝶兰DUS测试指南共78个性状,22个标准品种,笔者就测试指南研制的原则、性状表的构建、标准品种的选择以及DUS判定标准进行阐述。  相似文献   

8.
海南不同季节对水稻新品种DUS测试性状表达的效应分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
为了探究海南不同季节对水稻新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性（简称DUS）测试性状表达的影响效应,为优化海南水稻DUS测试的操作规程提供参考,为海南水稻新品种DUS测试技术的完善提供实践经验与理论支撑,根据水稻植物新品种DUS测试指南,按照相关原理和技术规则,通过对4份水稻材料进行4个独立的生长周期的测试,研究其相关性状的表达与季节及年度间的效应,结果表明：除穗芒外,不同季节的4个独立测试周期中,质量性状观测结果稳定一致;14个假质量性状的表达结果不影响对申请品种的DUS判定;10个量测性数量性状在方差分析中出现显著性差异,但是申请品种与近似品种的变化和差异保持相对不变,不影响其DUS的判定结论;17个目测数量性状的表达无显著差异。因此,在海南进行不同季节的水稻测试对其DUS的判定无显著影响,可考虑多点多季节测试,加快水稻实质审查的进程。  相似文献   

9.
The growing number of candidate varieties presented every year at each national Plant Variety Protection Office and their decreasing genetic variability forces strategies to be adopted that will reduce costs without losing rigour when deciding about the acceptance or rejection of a candidate variety. Molecular markers have been envisaged as a reliable tool to establish differences, but can molecular markers be used for assessing distinctness? A comparison between a molecular and a morphological characterization of 41 seed samples belonging to 36 cucumber varieties and including several external controls has been carried out to investigate the applicability of molecular markers in the context of distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) tests and the protection of new varieties. Both types of character indicate the same relationships among main groups, Dutch and Beth‐Alpha types, and Gerking and Slice types, the correlation between distance matrices being only 0.6489. Varieties considered uniform for morphological traits proved not to be so for molecular markers. Therefore, molecular characterization is not offering the same estimates of uniformity and relatedness between varieties as does morphological characterization. External controls were used to establish distinction limits with morphological and molecular dendrograms to focus on those varieties, which were suspiciously similar. The results with cucumber show that molecular identity could be used to assess any lack of distinctness and so corroborate the morphological assessment of candidate varieties. The morphological trait ‘type’ provides distinct characterization of varieties and the molecular characterization of candidate varieties could be used to design better field experiments to assess distinction within each group of morphological cucumber type.  相似文献   

10.
Tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) are an essential component of variety registration and granting plant breeders’ rights. This study, performed on industrial chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), included (1) an evaluation of the discriminating power of the UPOV characteristics and (2) a comparison of the root shape between the UPOV-based characteristics and characteristics determined via image analysis. Five consecutive growing periods were studied to assess the long-term stability of the parameters. Lack of discriminating power of characteristics for examining distinctness may impede breeding progress by failing to discriminate novel candidate varieties. However, a balance needs to be set so that newly introduced characteristics or new evaluation methodologies are not too powerful as to damage the protection of registered varieties. The results showed great differences in the discriminating power of the UPOV characteristics. The elimination of some of these low-discriminating characteristics would probably result in savings, but would have no consequences on the decisions taken by DUS testing authorities. Image analysis-derived characteristics could either replace currently-used parameters or provide additional characteristics with good discriminating power, determined in an objective and standardized way. Here we discuss possible implications for variety registration.  相似文献   

11.
基于DUS测试的标准品种形态性状稳定性和重要性分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
为了进一步提高水稻品种特异性(Distinctness)、一致性(Uniformity)和稳定性(Stability)(简称DUS)测试的准确性,以水稻DUS测试指南中列出的49份水稻标准品种为材料,应用AMMI模型对水稻品种50个DUS测试性状进行了稳定性分析,并采用随机森林算法对测试性状的重要性进行了评价。结果表明,不同性状的稳定性差异较大,以质量性状和假质量性状为主的目测性状稳定性高,而以数量性状为主的量测性状稳定性较低。不同性状的重要性参数差异甚大,总体上,以数量形式表示的量测性状的重要性参数较大,而以分级代码表示的目测性状重要性参数相对较小。对于茎节包露、穗类型、穗立形状、外颖茸毛和叶茸毛等稳定性较低、重要性参数不高的性状,可从水稻DUS测试指南中去除;对成熟期、抽穗期等稳定性较低但在生产实践中很重要的农艺性状,宜安排在申请者所在地参试点测试,使其表达状态真实表现;或者采用标准品种进行校正,从而提高测试的准确性。  相似文献   

12.
小麦区试品系DUS测试的分子标记   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  
为了确定测试小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)区试品系特异性、一致性、稳定性(DUS)的分子标记,采用156个来自我国不同麦区的品种对SSR、EST-SSR和AFLP-SCAR标记的1334对引物进行筛选,根据在染色体上分布均匀、多态性信息指数较高、带型清晰、不同等位变异的带型易于区分及PCR产物稳定的原则,筛选出105对小麦品种DUS测试的分子标记引物,包括63对SSR引物、21对EST-SSR引物和21对AFLP-SCAR引物,可以检测122个位点的754个等位变异,平均每条染色体上被检测位点5.8个,平均每个位点包含7.2个等位变异。根据DUS测试的需求、引物的染色体分布、PIC值大小和带型特点,将105对引物分为21对核心引物、29对一级备用引物和55对二级备用引物。核心引物分辨力较高,可以完成约80%品系的特异性检测,约95%品系的种子纯度检测和约60%品系的一致性、稳定性检测;备用引物用于确定品系DNA位点纯合率和相似品种(品系)之间的遗传相似系数,以判断DNA指纹相同或相似的品种(品系)之间的相似性和特异性,评价核心标记中具有非纯位点的品系的DNA位点纯合度,同时完成核心引物未能完成的少数品系的种子纯度检测。通过在2006-2007、2007-2008、2008-2009年度对464个冬小麦区试品系DUS测试中的应用,证明105对引物具有很好的代表性和实用性,可以完成90%以上参试品系的DUS检测。  相似文献   

13.
Microsatellite markers were used for fingerprinting of hybrids, assessing variation within parental lines and testing the genetic purity of hybrid seed lot in rice. Ten sequence tagged microsatellite sites (STMS) markers were employed for fingerprinting 11 rice hybrids and their parental lines. Nine STMS markers were found polymorphic across the hybrids and produced unique fingerprint for the 11 hybrids. A set of four markers (RM 206, RM 216, RM 258 and RM 263) differentiated all the hybrids from each other, which can be used as referral markers for unambiguous identification and protection of these hybrids. Cluster analysis based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient using UPGMA grouped the hybrids into three clusters. Within the cluster all the hybrids shared a common cytoplasmic male sterile line as female parent. The genetic similarity between the hybrids ranged from 0.33 to 0.92 with an average similarity index of 0.63. The analysis of plant-to-plant variation within the parental lines of the hybrid Pusa RH 10, using informative markers indicated residual heterozygosity at two marker loci. This highlights the importance of STMS markers in maintaining the genetic purity of the parental lines. The unique value of the restorer gene linked marker for testing the genetic purity of hybrid seeds is demonstrated for the first time.  相似文献   

14.
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15.
龙眼新品种DUS测试指南的研制   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
植物新品种特异性(distinctness)、一致性(uniformity)和稳定性(stability)（简称DUS）测试指南是审查机关开展植物新品种实质审查工作的基础和技术手册。国际植物新品种保护联盟(UPOV)技术文件《TGP/7 植物新品种测试指南的研制》是各国研制植物新品种测试指南的依据与标准。龙眼DUS指南在严格遵循TGP/7文件的基础上,通过借鉴现有的龙眼种质资源描述方法并结合育种实际,最终确定了45个性状、26个标准品种和DUS判定标准。笔者主要叙述了龙眼DUS测试指南的研制原则、测试性状的选择与确定、性状分级标准、DUS判定标准以及标准品种的选择,并指出将分子标记技术与形态测试技术相结合是今后DUS测试指南研制的发展方向。  相似文献   

16.
By analysing a number (20–38) of individuals from selected varieties of wheat and tomato, we have been able to assess intra-varietal uniformity at certain micro satellite (simple sequence repeat, SSR) loci. In total, 45 varieties of wheat were analysed at between 7–9 different SSR loci, and 10 varieties of tomato were analysed at six loci. The results showed that there was variation both between varieties and between microsatellites in the degree of non-uniformity observed, and it was possible to identify a number of different probable sources of non-uniformity. Twenty-four of the wheat varieties and nine of the tomato varieties were sufficiently uniform to meet the standards currently applied for distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) testing using phenotypic characteristics. The implications for the potential future use of SSRs in DUS testing are discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

17.
This research was undertaken to find an efficient tissue culture system and Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation method for recalcitrant indica rice cultivars. For this, mature seeds of commercially important indica rice varieties, ASD16, ADT43, IR 64, and Pusa Basmati were cultured on MS and N6 medium supplemented with 2 mg l-1 2, 4-D + 30 g l-1 sucrose. The calli grown in N6 medium showed better friability and embryogenic response. Out of the four varieties tested, ASD16 and IR64 showed better callusing and embryogenic capacity as compared to ADT43 and Pusa Basmati. For genetic transformation studies, embryogenic calli of all the cultivars were co-cultivated with the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404 harboring the binary vector pCambia 1305.1 with GUS gene. GUS assay was performed for the putative transformed calli and its activity was found to be qualitatively higher in ASD16 and IR64 than the other two varieties. The best responsive ASD16 transformed calli was regenerated and the putative transgenic lines were regenerated. ASD16 transformed calli were confirmed by GUS assay. PCR analysis confirmed the presence of both GUS and HPT genes in ASD16 transgenic lines.  相似文献   

18.
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19.
为了分析水稻DUS测试指南中标准品种在上海地区的性状表达差异，为长江下游平原丘陵地区的水稻品种审定和保护提供完善、准确的测试标准品种，通过对水稻测试指南中39份标准品种2015—2017年的田间测试试验，用符合系数对标准品种在上海地区的性状表现与水稻测试指南中的代码进行了差异性分析，并进一步对部分性状的标准品种进行了优化。结果表明，水稻测试指南中的52个测试性状中有40个性状的符合系数为1，占76.9%，数量性状的表现受环境条件的影响较大，符合系数小于1的12个性状中有10个为数量性状；水稻测试指南中的39个标准品种中有26个品种的符合系数为1，其性状表达状态非常稳定。‘广陆矮4号’的符合系数最低，‘Heuknambyeo’次之，其他品种的符合系数均大于0.99。大部分品种可以作为标准品种应用于上海地区的水稻DUS测试，并对某些性状的标准品种给予了优化。  相似文献   

20.
Increasing crop productivity is one of the prime goals of crop breeding research. Rice grain yield is a complex quantitative trait governed by polygenes. Although several QTLs governing grain yield traits have been reported and limited attempts have been made to map QTLs for grain yield parameters in Basmati rice. A population from the cross Sonasal and Pusa Basmati 1121 comprising 352 RILs was generated through the single seed descent method. A total of 12 QTLs governing yield and yield-related traits were mapped on six chromosomes, namely, 1, 2, 3, 7, 8 and 9, of which five QTLs were novel. We identified a novel and robust epistatic QTL (qPH1.1 and qPL1.1) governing plant height and panicle length, flanked by the markers RM5336-RM1 on chromosome 1. The gene encoding brassinosteroid insensitive 1-associated receptor kinase 1 precursor is the putative candidate gene underlying this epistatic QTL. Another novel QTL, qNT3.1, governing tiller number was bracketed to a region of .77 Mb between the markers RM15247 and RM15281 on chromosome 3. Of the 57 annotated gene models, Os03g0437600 encoding alpha/beta-fold hydrolase, a homologous to AtKai2 is a putative candidate gene underlying the novel QTL qNT3.1. The other QTLs such as qDFF1.1 governing days to 50% flowering co-localizes with the gene Ghd7, QTL for plant height qPH1.2 co-localizes with the gene sd1, the QTLs for panicle length co-localizes with FUWA and DEP2, the QTL for tiller number co-localizes with OsRLCK57 and QTLs for thousand-grain weight co-localize with the major gene GS3. The QTLs identified in the current study can be effectively used in marker-assisted selection for developing Basmati rice varieties with a higher yield.  相似文献   

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