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生物炭肥料对河套灌区耕层土壤肥力及含水率影响的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了研究生物炭肥料对河套灌区耕层土壤肥力及含水率的影响,试验设置以当地常规施肥为对照(CK),分别采用与CK处理等养分(C3)、70%养分(C2)和40%养分(C1)的生物炭肥料处理,共计4个处理。结果表明:在有灌水的情况下,生物炭肥料对耕层土壤含水率提高显著。生物炭肥料的施用对耕层土壤有机质、速效磷及速效钾含量均有显著提高,而碱解氮含量随着生物炭肥施用量的增加有所下降,但未出现显著变化。试验结果初步表明,在河套灌区施用生物炭肥料,能够减少肥料投入,对增加耕层土壤肥力有着积极的作用。 相似文献
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水炭运筹对寒地黑土区稻田土壤肥料氮素残留的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为揭示水炭运筹下肥料氮素在稻田土壤中的残留情况,采用田间小区试验与微区试验相结合的方法,应用15N示踪技术,以传统淹水灌溉作为对比,研究水分管理模式和生物炭施用量二因素全面试验构成的不同水炭运筹模式下水稻收获后基肥、蘖肥、穗肥和肥料整体在稻田土壤中的残留情况,以及各阶段施用的肥料氮素残留在不同深度土层的分布规律。试验结果表明,稻作浅湿干灌溉模式不同生物炭施用水平下施用的氮肥在稻田土壤中的总残留率为28.16%~34.42%,其中基肥、蘖肥和穗肥氮素的残留率分别为27.53%~41.35%、34.32%~43.50%和11.58%~25.67%。当生物炭施加量在0~12.5 t/hm^2时,水稻收获后两种灌溉模式下基肥和蘖肥氮素在土壤中的残留量均随着生物炭施入量的增加而增大,而穗肥氮素在土壤中的残留量随生物炭施入量的增加而减小,相同生物炭施用水平下稻作浅湿干灌溉模式各阶段肥料氮素在土壤中的残留率显著高于传统淹水灌溉(P<0.05),且两种灌溉模式肥料氮素在相同土层深度中的残留量差异显著(P<0.05),不同生物炭施用水平下稻作浅湿干灌溉模式各阶段施用的氮肥在稻田0~20 cm土层中的残留量均高于传统淹水灌溉,而在40~60 cm土层的残留量均低于传统淹水灌溉;施加25 t/hm^2生物炭时,对稻作浅湿干灌溉模式的基肥、蘖肥和穗肥氮素在稻田土壤中的残留产生负效应。合理的水炭运筹模式能够增加耕层土壤(0~20 cm)肥料氮素残留量,减少肥料氮素损失,抑制肥料氮素向深层土壤运移,降低残留在土壤中的肥料氮素对稻田生态环境造成污染的风险。 相似文献
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炭—肥互作对芥菜产量和肥料利用率的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
进行了生物质炭-化肥互作试验,探究炭-肥互作对红壤养分、芥菜产量、肥料利用率的影响。采用盆栽试验,设置空白对照组CK(不加炭,不施肥)、加炭组(施加5%的稻壳炭),按照化肥投入量的递减率为0、15%、30%、45%,依次标记为RFC0、RFC1、RFC2、RFC3,对应的不加炭处理依次记为RF0、RF1、RF2、RF3。结果表明,添加5%的稻壳炭、化肥施用量为常规施肥量的55%(RFC3)时,氮肥表观利用率最高,炭-肥互作处理的氮肥利用率均显著高于常规施肥处理,平均提高161.42%,而加炭处理(RFC0、RFC1、RFC2、RFC3)的芥菜产量分别比对应的不加炭处理平均提高79.28%。炭-肥互作组的红壤有机质含量比单施化肥组平均高出241.42%;RFC3处理的红壤碱解氮、有效磷含量均高于RF0处理,说明炭可以增加土壤养分,当施肥量为常规施肥量的55%时,生物质炭与化肥互作,保持了土壤的有效养分。另外,炭-肥互作的种植模式也促进了芥菜对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收和贮藏。在本试验条件下,降低肥料投入时,生物质炭发挥其对红壤的综合改良效应及其对养分的吸收和固持作用,从而表现出显著的增产效应;炭-肥互作模式可以在低肥料投入时通过提高肥料表观利用率、氮肥利用率来保证作物的养分供给,保持土壤的肥力,使作物增产。 相似文献
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生物炭基肥料在水稻上施用效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
生物炭基肥料研制是生物炭在农业中的重要应用方向。为摸清生物炭基肥料在水稻上的应用效果,采用田间小区试验对水稻生育性状和产量情况进行调查。结果表明:生物炭基肥料能够改善水稻生育性状、提高产量,适宜在水稻上推广应用。 相似文献
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保护性耕作核心是对土壤和水的管理,其目的是控制土壤水分的损失和不断给土壤以水分和养分的补充.本文应用生物黑炭转化原理对作物秸秆进行处理,将其转化成生物黑炭对农田进行养分的补充.原理就是将秸秆在无氧的条件下进行热裂解（400℃～500℃）,产物主要为秸秆炭及相应的附属物可燃气和多烃油,其中秸秆炭可直接还田使农田的碳平衡扭亏为盈,达到保护耕作的目的,还可将其压块成型可实现炭用燃料、作物培养基等多种用途. 相似文献
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为初步探讨生物质炭基肥对土壤肥力及玉米产量的影响,通过随机区组试验,探究复合肥、商品有机肥、炭基有机肥以及复合肥与两种有机肥不同配比对土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性以及玉米产量的影响。试验设置CK(对照,不施肥)、CF(常规施肥,复合肥)、OM(商品有机肥)、BBF(炭基肥)、2/3OM(商品有机肥:复合肥=2∶1)、2/3BBF(炭基肥:复合肥=2∶1)、1/3OM(商品有机肥∶复合肥=1∶2)、1/3BBF(炭基肥∶复合肥=1∶2)共8种处理方式,每种处理方式重复3次。结果表明,商品有机肥,复合肥=2∶1对于玉米产量提升和土壤速效钾最为显著;商品有机肥,复合肥=1∶2对于土壤有机质含量提升最为显著;炭基肥,复合肥=2∶1对土壤酶活性的提升最为显著。多种肥料的合理配比有助于改善南方红壤有机质含量低、缺乏氮素肥力以及速效磷的情况。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献