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1.
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of various NH4(+)-N/NO3(-)-N percentages on growth and mineral concentrations in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants using a non-recirculating nutrient film system in a controlled environment. The first experiment included six NH4(+)-N/NO3(-)-N percentages at 0/100, 20/80, 40/60, 60/40, 80/20, and 100/0 with the same total N concentration of 4 mM. The second experiment included six NH4(+)-N/NO3(-)-N percentages at 0/100, 4/96, 8/92, 12/88, 16/84, and 20/80 again with the same total N of 4 mM. In each experiment, plants were harvested 35 days after transplanting when tubers had been initiated and started to enlarge. Dry weights of shoots, tubers, and whole plant at the harvest were increased significantly with all mixed nitrogen treatments as compared with single NH4+ or NO3- form. The enhanced growth with mixed nitrogen was greatest at 8% to 20% NH4(+)-N. Also, the concentrations and accumulation of total N in the shoots and roots were greater with mixed nitrogen than with separate NH4+ or NO3- nutrition. With NH4+ present in the solutions, the concentrations of P and Cl in the shoots were increased compared to NO3- alone, whereas the tissue concentrations of Ca and Mg were decreased. It was concluded that nitrogen fertilization provided with combined NH4+ and NO3- forms, even at small proportions of NH4+, can enhance nitrogen uptake and productivity in potato plants. 相似文献
2.
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L., cv. 'Coker 319') plants were grown for 28 days in flowing nutrient culture containing either 1.0 mM NO3- or 1.0 mM NH4+ as the nitrogen source in a complete nutrient solution. Acidities of the solutions were controlled at pH 6.0 or 4.0 for each nitrogen source. Plants were sampled at intervals of 6 to 8 days for determination of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation. Specific rates of NO3- or NH4+ uptake (rate of uptake per unit root mass) were calculated from these data. Net photosynthetic rates per unit leaf area were measured on attached leaves by infrared gas analysis. When NO3- [correction of NO-] was the sole nitrogen source, root growth and nitrogen uptake rate were unaffected by pH of the solution, and photosynthetic activity of leaves and accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen in the whole plant were similar. When NH4+ was the nitrogen source, photosynthetic rate of leaves and accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen in the whole plant were not statistically different from NO3(-) -fed plants when acidity of the solution was controlled at pH 6.0. When acidity for NH4(+) -fed plants was increased to pH 4.0, however, specific rate of NH4+ uptake decreased by about 50% within the first 6 days of treatment. The effect of acidity on root function was associated with a decreased rate of accumulation of nitrogen in shoots that was accompanied by a rapid cessation of leaf development between days 6 and 13. The decline in leaf growth rate of NH4(+) -fed plants at pH 4.0 was followed by reductions in photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area. These responses of NH4(+) -fed plants to increased root-zone acidity are characteristic of the sequence of responses that occur during onset of nitrogen stress. 相似文献
3.
While it is known that superoptimal concentrations of the nitrate (NO3-) ion in solution culture do not increase NO3- uptake or dry matter accumulation, the same is not known for the ammonium (NH4+) ion. An experiment was conducted utilizing flowing solution culture with pH control to investigate the influence of superoptimal NH4+ concentrations on dry matter, nitrogen (N), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) accumulation by nonnodulated soybean plants. Increasing the NH4+ concentration in solution from 1 to 10 mM did not affect dry matter or N accumulation. Accumulations of K, Ca, and Mg were slightly decreased with increased NH4+ concentration. The NH4+ uptake system, which is saturated at less than 1mM NH4+, is able to regulate uptake of NH4+ at concentrations as high as 10 mM. 相似文献
4.
Tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv NC82) were supplied with (NH4)2SO4 or NH4Cl at root-zone pH of 6.0 and 4.5 in hydroponic culture for 28 days. Dry matter accumulation, total N and C content, and leaf area and number were not affected by the NH4+ source or root-zone pH. Plants supplied with NH4Cl accumulated up to 1.2 mM Cl g DW-1, but accumulated 37% less inorganic H2PO4- and 47% less SO4(2-) than plants supplied with (NH4)2SO4. The large Cl- accumulation resulted in NH4Cl- supplied plants having a 31% higher inorganic anion (NO3-, H2, PO4-, SO4(2-), and Cl-) charge. This higher inorganic anion charge in the NH4Cl-supplied plants was balanced by a similar increase in K+ charge. Plants supplied with NH4Cl accumulated greater concentrations of Cl- in leaves (up to 5.1% of DW) than plants supplied with (NH4)2SO4 (less than -% DW). Despite the high Cl- concentration of leaves in NH4Cl supplied plants, these plants showed no symptoms of Cl- toxicity. This demonstrates that toxicity symptoms are not due solely to an interaction between high Cl- concentration in tissue and NH4+ nutrition. The increase in root-zone acidity to pH 4.5 from 6.0 did not induce toxicity symptoms. 相似文献
5.
铵态氮/硝态氮对水稻铝吸收的影响及其机制研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选用两个水稻品种武运粳7号（耐铝品种）和扬稻6号（铝敏感品种）作为实验材料,利用水培试验,通过长期和短期处理相结合的方式研究了NH4+-N和NO3--N对水稻Al吸收的影响及其作用机制。结果表明,与NH4+-N相比,NO3--N促进了水稻对Al的吸收。而且随着NO3--N浓度的提高,水稻根中Al含量显著增加,随着NH4+-N浓度的提高,水稻根中Al含量显著降低。这些结果表明NH4+-N和NO3--N对水稻Al吸收的影响具有浓度效应。当向Al溶液添加pH缓冲剂后,NH4+-N和NO3--N对根尖Al累积的影响变小,表明NH4+-N和NO3--N处理下溶液pH的变化可能是NH4+-N和NO3--N对水稻Al吸收影响不同的一个原因。 相似文献
6.
Plants show different growth responses to N sources supplied with either NH4+ or NO3-. The uptake of different N sources also affects the rhizosphere pH and therefore the bioavailability of soil phosphorus, particularly in alkaline soils. The plant growth, P uptake, and P availability in the rhizosphere of oat (Avena nuda L.) grown in hydroponics and in soil culture were investigated under supply with sole NH4+-N, sole NO3--N, or a combination. Sole NO3--fed oat plants accumulated more biomass than sole NH4+-fed ones. The highest biomass accumulation was observed when N was suppliedw ith both NH4+-N and NO3--N. Growth of the plant root increased with the proportion of NO3- in the cultural medium. Better root growth and higher root/shoot ratio were consistently observed in NO3--fed plants. However, root vigor was the highest when N was supplied with NO3-+NH4+. NH4+ supply reduced the rhizosphere pH but did not affect P uptake by plants grown in soils with CaHPO4 added as P source. No P deficiency was observed, and plant P concentrations were generally above 2 g kg-1. P uptake was increased when N was supplied partly or solely as NO3--N, similarly as biomass accumulation. The results suggested that oat was an NO3--preferring plant, and NO3--N was essential for plant growth and the maintenance of root absorption capacity. N supply with NH4+-N did not improve P nutrition, which was most likely due to the absence of P deficiency. 相似文献
7.
Plants show different growth responses to N sources supplied with either NH4+ or NO3-.The uptake of different N sources also affects the rhizosphere pH and therefore the bioavailability of soil phosphorus,particularly in alkaline soils.The plant growth,P uptake,and P availability in the rhizosphere of oat (Arena nuda L.) grown in hydroponics and in soil culture were investigated under supply with sole NH4+-N,sole NO3--N,or a combination.Sole NO3-fed oat plants accumulated more biomass than sole NH4+-fed ones.The highest biomass accumulation was observed when N was supplied with both NH4+-N and NO3--N.Growth of the plant root increased with the proportion of NO3-in the cultural medium.Better root growth and higher root/shoot ratio were consistently observed in NO3--fed plants.However,root vigor was the highest when N was supplied with NO3-+NH4+.NH4+ supply reduced the rhizosphere pH but did not affect P uptake by plants grown in soils with CaHPO4 added as P source.No P deficiency was observed,and plant P concentrations were generally above 2 g kg-1.P uptake was increased when N was supplied partly or solely as NO3--N,similarly as biomass accumulation.The results suggested that oat was an NO3-prcferring plant,and NO3--N was essential for plant growth and the maintenance of root absorption capacity.N supply with NH4+-N did not improve P nutrition,which was most likely due to the absence of P deficiency. 相似文献
8.
对2种不同磷效率基因型小麦幼苗水培结果表明,NO3-N和NH4NO3-N对小麦植株地上部生长的影响无明显差异,但是对根系生长的影响明显不同。NH4-N对小麦幼苗的生长有明显的抑制作用,且对根系生长的抑制程度显著大于对地上部;对磷低效基因型Jing411的抑制程度明显大于对磷高效基因型Xiaoyan54。NH4NO3-N处理有利于提高植株地上部氮含量和植株的氮吸收效率。Xiaoyan54的植株吸氮量在NH4NO3-N处理中最高,Jing411在NO3-N处理中最高。不同处理对营养液pH值的影响明显不同。NH4NO3-N和NH4-N处理导致营养液pH值降低,NO3-N处理使营养液pH值升高,不同磷效率基因型小麦使营养液pH值降低或升高的程度不同。小麦磷效率基因型差异的表现与否和氮素形态有关,以植株地上部干重为磷效率指标的基因型差异在供应NO3-N时不表现。磷高效基因型Xiaoyan54的生长显著优于磷低效基因型Jing411。 相似文献
9.
水稻根系形态与氮素吸收累积的相关性分析 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
10.
Two separate experiments were conducted to investigate plant growth and mineral composition of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) at varied solution concentrations of nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+). Each experiment evaluated five nitrogen (N) concentrations of 0.5, 2, 4, 8, and 12 mM, which were maintained with a non-recirculating nutrient film system in controlled environment. Plants were harvested on day 42 with NO3-; and day 35 with NH4+ after transplanting of tissue culture plantlets, and growth measurements were taken as leaf area, tuber number, and dry weights of different parts. With NO3-, plant growth was greatest and similar at 2, 4, and 8 mM of N whereas with NH4+, plant growth was best only at 2 and 4 mM of N. At 12 mM of N, plants exhibited interveinal ammonium toxicity with NH4+ nutrition, but healthy growth appearance with NO3- nutrition. With either N form, total N concentrations in tissues tended to increase with increased N concentrations, and tissue phosphorus (P) concentrations were reduced at 0.5 and 2 mM of N. Tissue concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) changed only slightly at particular N concentrations, yet changed substantially with different N forms. The data indicate that the optimal ranges of N concentrations in both solution and tissues are wider and higher with NO3- than with NH4+ nutrition, and thus a careful control of NH4+ concentrations is necessary to minimize possible ammonium toxicity to potato plants. 相似文献
11.
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. Mill. 'Vendor') plants were grown for 21 days in flowing solution culture with N supplied as either 1.0 mM NO3- or 1.0 mM NH4+. Acidity in the solutions was automatically maintained at pH 6.0. Accumulation and distribution of dry matter and total N and net photosynthetic rate were not affected by source of N. Thus, when rhizosphere acidity was controlled at pH 6.0 during uptake, either NO3- or NH4+ can be used efficiently by tomato. Uptake of K+ and Ca2+ were not altered by N source, but uptake of Mg2+ was reduced in NH4(+)-fed plants. This indicates that uptake of Mg2+ was regulated at least partially by ionic balance within the plant. 相似文献
12.
增铵营养对番茄幼苗生长和有机酸含量的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
A hydroponic experiment was conducted to study the effect of partial replacement of NO(3^-)-N by NH -N on theseedling growth and organic acid content of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). A completely randomized designwas established with three replications and five treatments, i.e., NO(3^-)-N/NH(4^ )-N of 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and0/100. Results showed that 25% replacement of NO(3^-)-N by NH(4^ )-N significantly (P = 0.05) improved fresh and dryweight, revealing that a proper percentage of NH -N was important for tomato nitrogen nutrition. This could increasethe plant growth even though tomato was a crop that preferred nitrate nutrition. Also an increase in the proportion ofNH -N in the nutrient solution led to a significant decrease (P=0.05) in malate, citrate and fumarate. However, the25% NH(4^ )-N plus 75% NO(3^-)-N treatment had no significant effect (P = 0.05) on the 2-ketoglutarate, succinate or oxalicacid content, showing that only some organic acids in tomato plants were affected. Only pyruvate increased significantly(P=0.05), and it only increased for 25% and 50% replacement of NO(3^-)-N by NH(4^ )-N. Metabolism of these organicacids, especially malate, citrate and fumarate, should be further studied at the molecular level in vegetables applied withdifferent nitrogen forms. 相似文献
13.
不同水稻品种对铵态氮和硝态氮吸收特性的研究 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：17
采用水培方法研究了不同形态氮素对武育粳 3号 (常规粳稻 )和扬稻 6号 (常规籼稻 )生长的影响及其水稻苗期对NH 4 N和NO-3 N的吸收动力学特征。结果表明 :不同形态氮素对水稻生长影响差异显著 ,铵硝混合营养下水稻的生长最优 ;扬稻 6号比武育粳 3号具有更强的氮素吸收能力 ;不论武育粳 3号或是扬稻 6号 ,单一氮源时NO-3 的Km 值均大于NH 4 ,说明水稻对NH 4 的亲和力大于NO-3 ,武育粳 3号对NH 4 的最大吸收速率小于NO-3 ,而扬稻 6号则极为接近 ;NH 4 的存在均显著降低两个水稻品种对NO-3的吸收速率 ,武育粳 3号和扬稻 6号的NO-3 的Vmax分别比单一硝营养减小 1/ 2和 2 / 3,NO-3 的存在不影响武育粳 3号对NH 4 的吸收速率 ,但使扬稻 6号对NH 4 的吸收速率减小 相似文献
14.
硝态氮和铵态氮供应比例对雷竹碳、氮、磷化学计量的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
15.
16.
不同氮源对烤烟漂浮育苗氮素利用及烟苗生长的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用水培漂浮育苗的方法,研究4种氮源（硝态氮、铵态氮、酰胺态氮、硝酸铵）对烤烟漂浮育苗系统中氮的利用状况。结果表明,在烤烟漂浮育苗系统中,氮的表观利用率由高到低依次为:硝态氮源＞酰胺态氮源＞硝酸铵＞铵态氮源;氮的实际利用率表现为前三种氮源之间无显著差异,但它们均显著高于铵态氮;烟苗根系活力、光合色素含量、木质化程度等壮苗指标是以硝酸铵、酰胺态氮为氮源的效果显著高于单纯的硝态氮。尿素添加少量的硝态氮是烤烟漂浮育苗培养壮苗最佳的氮源选择。 相似文献
17.
铁和不同形态氮素对玉米植株吸收矿质元素及其在体内分布的影响 Ⅱ.对铁、锰、铜、锌等营养元素的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
用营养液培养方法研究了铁和两种形态氮素对玉米植株吸收铁、锰、铜、锌等微量元素及其在体内分布的影响。结果表明:与硝态氮(NO3--N)相比,铵态氮(NH4+-N)显著提高了玉米对铁的吸收,降低了对锰、铜及锌的吸收。供铁也明显提高了植株地上部铁的吸收总量,降低了锰及锌的吸收量,尤其是在供应No3--N时这种作用更为明显。在缺铁条件下,NH4+-N处理的玉米新叶中铁的含量明显高于NO3--N处理;而新叶、老叶、茎中锰、锌、铜含量以及根中锰、锌含量都明显低于NO3--N处理。但使用NH4+-N时,根中铜的含量较高。在供铁条件下,NH4+-N处理的玉米植株四个不同器官中锰和锌的含量显著低于NO3--N处理的植株,而铜的含量正好相反。在缺铁条件下,玉米新叶中活性锰、活性锌的含量显著高于供铁处理;与NO3--N相比,NH4+-N的供应也显著降低了玉米新叶中活性锰以及活性锌的含量。 相似文献
18.
Erythrina poeppigiana, a woody tropical plant, was inoculated with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungiGlomus etunicatum Becker and Gerdeman,G. mosseae Nicol. and Gerd. Gerdeman and Trappe, orG. intraradices Schenk and Smith. Growth, N uptake, and nutrition were evaluated in VAM-inoculated plants and controls fertilized with two levels (3 or 6 mM) of either NH
inf4
sup+
-N or NO
inf3
sup-
-N. The response by the mycorrhizal plants to N fertilization, according to N source and/or level differed significantly from that of the control plants. In general, the growth of the mycorrhizal plants was similar to that of the non-mycorrhizal plants when N was provided as NH
inf4
sup+
. When the N source was NO
inf3
sup-
the control plants grew significantly less than the VAM plants. Inoculation with VAM fungi gave yield increases of 255 and 268% forG. etunicatum-colonized plants, 201 and 164% forG. mosseae-colonized plants and 286 and 218% forG. intraradices-colonized plants fertilized with 3 and 6 mM NO
inf3
sup-
-N, respectively. The increased growth and acquisition of nutrients by plants fertilized with NO
inf3
sup-
-N and inoculated with VAM shows that VAM mycelium has a capacity for NO
inf3
sup-
absorption. The results also showed thatE. poeppigiana seedlings preferred NH
inf4
sup+
as an N source.G. etunicatum was the most effective endophyte, not only increasing N, P, Ca, Mg, and Zn uptake in the presence of NO
inf3
sup-
fertilizer but also P and Mg in the presence of NH
inf4
sup+
applications. From these results we conclude that VAM symbiosis affects N metabolism inE. poeppigiana plants and that this species can overcome limitations on the use of NO
inf3
sup-
-N by the mediation of VAM fungi. 相似文献
19.
生物质炭对不同pH值土壤矿质氮含量的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了揭示生物质炭作为土壤调理剂添加后对土壤矿质氮形态、含量等土壤性质的影响,该研究利用芒草分别在350和700℃裂解制得生物质炭,发现2个温度尤其是700℃制得的生物质炭,对NH4+有很强的吸附能力,但对NO3-的吸附能力很弱。将生物质炭分别加入到酸性(pH值为3.8)和碱性(pH值为7.6)土壤中,25℃下室内培养180d。结果表明,生物质炭提高了土壤全氮含量,酸性和碱性土壤分别平均提高了22%和17%;但使土壤铵态氮含量大幅降低至接近仪器检测限水平;生物质炭对土壤硝态氮含量的影响因生物质炭和土壤类型而异。生物质炭对土壤矿质氮形态和含量的影响,显然与生物质炭对铵的吸附作用、提高土壤pH值、增强氨挥发损失,以及形成微生物量氮等密切相关。该研究可为开展生物质炭基氮素新型肥料及制剂等方面的科学研究提供参考。 相似文献
20.
秸秆还田下氮肥用量对稻田养分淋洗的影响 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
通过田间试验,研究秸秆还田配施氮肥对稻田土壤养分淋洗的影响。结果表明,随氮肥用量增加,田间渗漏水中NH4+-N、NO3--N、全氮浓度随之增加;与秸秆未还田相比,秸秆还田降低了田面水与渗漏水中NH4+-N、NO3--N的浓度;秸秆还田下各处理30cm土层渗漏水中全氮和NO3--N浓度最高,其浓度范围分别为1.09~12.76mg·L-1和0.76~3.74mg·L-1;全磷浓度范围为0.02~0.79mg·L-1,田面水中全磷浓度随施氮量增加而增加,30cm渗漏水中全磷浓度大于60cm渗漏水。氮肥用量180kg·hm-2时,施肥后5~10d内30cm、60cm渗漏水中的养分以NH4+-N为主,其后均以NO3--N为主。氮肥与秸秆配合施用,可降低田面水和渗漏水中的氮磷浓度,改善肥料利用效率。 相似文献