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1.
以甜瓜属人工异源四倍体(Cucumis ×hytivus Chen and Kirkbride, 2n = 38) 与华南和华北两种生态型栽培黄瓜(C. sativus L. , 2n = 14) 进行杂交, 比较各个杂交组合的坐果率及结籽率情况, 并通过形态学和分子标记的方法研究这些后代群体的遗传变异。结果表明, 各种杂交组合的坐果率达到83% ～100% , 其中以异源四倍体×栽培黄瓜获得含有胚的果实比例较高, 为60% ～67% , 平均每个果实中约有10～20个胚, 通过胚胎拯救, 成活率接近100% , 染色体计数为26条, 为异源三倍体。在以栽培黄瓜×异源四倍体的杂交中, 获得3个果实, 其中1个果实含有大约180个胚, 胚胎拯救成活率接近80% , 染色体数为26条, 为异源三倍体; 另外2个果实分别含有60粒和15粒种子, 植株染色体数为14条, 与栽培黄瓜相同。异源三倍体与栽培黄瓜间杂交产生的含有胚或种子的果实极少。选择其中1个异源四倍体×栽培黄瓜后代含14条染色体的群体(HH1群体) 深入研究, 有4株表现野生种C. hystrix的多分枝习性, 6株的果刺颜色表现野生种C. hystrix的黑色性状, 且其果皮成熟颜色均为橘红色, 不同于两个原始亲本。通过SSR和RAPD两种标记对HH1 群体的遗传研究, 19 个SSR 标记共产生63 个等位基因, 其中24个(约38.1% ) 表现出变异, 有7个等位基因可能来自于野生种C. hystrix。在400余条随机引物中, 有24条引物产生变异位点, 在统计的186个位点中, 有56个(31.7% ) 位点出现遗传分离, 其中8个位点可能来自于野生种C. hystrix, 这表明通过远缘杂交及渐渗杂交过程可将野生种的基因导入栽培黄瓜中。 相似文献
2.
应用生物学软件分析四季橘染色体核型和带型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】为了改进以往人工方式观测染色体精准度的不足,【方法】采用MicroMeasure软件和Image-Pro Plus图像分析软件对4,6-联脒-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI)荧光染色的四季橘(Citrus madurensis Lour.Tseng)体细胞中期染色体分别进行核型分析和三维重建。【结果】得到四季橘的核型公式2n=18=16 m(2SAT)+2 sm,其核型类型为1B型,属于进化中较原始类型;获得四季橘染色体立体图,并依据每条前中期染色体(从短臂到长臂)DAPI荧光强度变化,构建出染色体带型模式图。【结论】该研究利用染色体图像分析软件对染色体进行识别,获得了较丰富的染色体核型数据信息,为柑橘细胞遗传学研究提供了新方法。 相似文献
3.
黄瓜单体异附加系的筛选与观察 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
将甜瓜属异源三倍体与栽培黄瓜‘北京截头’杂交，经胚胎拯救获得了两个2n=15 (14C+1H)的单体异附加系，编号分别为02—17和02—39。02一l7植株叶形为戟形，02—39为深陷的掌状形，并且果刺均为白色，不同于异源三倍体的掌状心脏形和黑刺，果形比异源三倍体黄瓜长而更接近普通黄瓜。细胞学研究发现，单体异附加系在终变期和中期I染色体构型主要是由7个二价体和1个单价体构成，出现三价体的频率为4％ ～5％ ，中期Ⅱ不均等分裂形成不同的两极，一极染色体为8条，另一极为7条。RAPD分析证明它们分刖附加了野生种Cucum／s hystrix的染色体。 相似文献
4.
以蒙古黄芪种子根尖为试验材料,采用细胞化学染色与制片、C-分带、计算机及其软件辅助,测量鉴定与比对分析的方法,研究了中药草蒙古黄芪体细胞染色体数目、核型与带型。结果表明:蒙古黄芪体细胞染色体核型是2n=16=2L+4M1+6M2+4S,共有8对染色体,核型类型属于2B型,A.sK(核型不对称系数)=16.17/25.63×100%=63.09%,染色体总体积为69.0μm3;蒙古黄芪的体细胞染色体C-带带型为2n=16=8m+6sm+2sm+sat,第3号染色体短臂区段带有随体,该试验可为黄芪及其蒙古黄芪的鉴定识别与利用提供参考。 相似文献
5.
微型水仙染色体C—带带型研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用引自日本的微型水仙进行了ＣｉｅｍｓａＣ＿带带型分析，发现其４２条染色体均显带，其中除１条长染色体只在长臂上显示端带外，其余４１条染色体两臂均显端带；５条长染色体除具两个端带外，还在长臂上显出一个近端带，其中１条长染色体除显示上述带型外，还在长臂上多显示一个中间带；６条短染色体除两臂均显端带外，还显示有着丝粒带。从带型的多型性判断，该水仙可能是一个在进化过程中曾发生过染色体结构变异、基数为７的六倍体；根据中国水仙染色体显带者较少，且基数主要为１０推断，它和微型水仙的亲缘关系较远；也表明，Ｃ—带分析技术在水仙染色体组型分析、分类及起源研究中可提供有用信息。 相似文献
6.
《中国蔬菜》2021,(8)
根据21个已知萝卜染色体组成的标准材料及其基因组中萝卜染色体的组成信息,利用SSR分子标记技术,确定了萝卜C染色体的特异SSR标记RsSA078-170和RH148-190,并应用这2个标记对甘蓝型油菜-萝卜C染色体附加系CC与普通白菜559杂交获得的F_1进行外源萝卜C染色体鉴定,结果表明全部F_1单株都扩增出了萝卜C染色体的特异条带。同时,利用萝卜基因组特异探针pURsN对F_1基因组进行荧光原位杂交鉴定,结果显示F_1有杂交信号,表明F_1含有萝卜基因组,该结果佐证了SSR特异标记RsSA078-170和RH148-190鉴定结果的准确性。说明SSR特异标记RsSA078-170和RH148-190可以用于甘蓝型油菜-萝卜C染色体附加系与普通白菜杂交后代中外源萝卜C染色体的鉴定。 相似文献
7.
黄瓜老化种子基因组DNA的损伤与修复的RAPD研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
应用RAPD技术对人工老化和PEG处理的黄瓜种子进行扩增多态性DNA分析.建立了黄瓜种子基因组DNA的损伤及其修复的RAPD指纹图谱.在92条引物中有22条可应用于老化种子的研究.16条可应用于PEG处理种子的研究,并从中找出了6条引物S190、S300、S359、S475、S1140、S2144用来比较黄瓜老化种子及其修复的RAPD扩增带型的变化.结果发现,人工老化处理的黄瓜种子的DNA带减少甚至消失.而PEG渗调修复后的黄瓜老化种子DNA带重新出现或者与对照基本相同,从而建立了黄瓜老化种子基因组DNA的损伤与修复的RAPD指纹图谱. 相似文献
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9.
1材料与方法 1.1材料 供试材料为A(航天黄瓜2-2-华2)、B(航天黄瓜2-1-华3)、C(津优2号),并以C作为对照,以上品种分别由中国农科院原子能利用研究所和天津市黄瓜科学研究所提供. 相似文献
10.
不同栽培方式对设施黄瓜主要病害及品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用小麦、燕麦与黄瓜伴生,毛葱、白菜、芹菜与黄瓜套作,研究了不同栽培方式对黄瓜病害和品质的影响。结果表明:不同栽培方式均显著降低了霜霉病和角斑病的发病率和病情指数,其中芹菜-黄瓜和白菜-黄瓜处理效果最佳,霜霉病发病率分别降低42.8%和46.4%;小麦-黄瓜,燕麦-黄瓜和毛葱-黄瓜处理白粉病的发病率分别降低了66.3%、65.2%和83.2%。毛葱-黄瓜处理显著提高了黄瓜果实维生素C和可溶性蛋白的含量,但也提高了硝酸盐的含量;白菜-黄瓜处理显著降低了果实硝酸盐的含量,芹菜-黄瓜处理显著降低了维生素C的含量。小麦-黄瓜、燕麦-黄瓜、毛葱-黄瓜和芹菜-黄瓜均显著降低了可溶性固形物的含量。 相似文献
11.
NAA对葡萄果实中糖酸含量及相关基因表达的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以‘里扎马特’葡萄为试材,于果实始熟期分别利用50、100和200 mg ? L-1的NAA喷施果实。结果表明：NAA处理可显著抑制果实中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖以及可溶性总糖的积累,阻碍酒石酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、草酸及总酸的降解,且以200 mg ? L-1处理最为显著,但处理并未改变果实中的糖酸组分。NAA处理还可显著抑制可溶性糖代谢关键基因SS和SPS的表达,但对NI表现为前、中期抑制,后期促进,对FRK表现为前、中期促进,后期抑制。对于有机酸代谢相关基因而言,NAA处理显著促进MDH和PEPC的表达,抑制ME基因的表达,但对IDH基因表达的影响并不显著。由此推断,外源NAA处理抑制果实成熟的原因可能在于其改变了部分糖酸代谢相关基因的表达,进而阻碍了可溶性糖的积累和有机酸酸的降解。 相似文献
12.
秋水仙素离体诱导同源四倍体青花菜 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以青花菜品种‘海兹’高频再生试管苗为外植体, 利用秋水仙素离体诱导四倍体。结果表明: 用含秋水仙素200 mg·L - 1的MS + 0.1 mg·L -1NAA + 6.0 mg·L - 1 6-BA液体培养基处理2 cm长的再生苗48 h, 每个外植体平均可产芽2.1个, 再生植株变异率为83.33% , 四倍体诱导率达79.17%。与二倍体相比, 四倍体植株叶片、花冠、气孔等均表现巨大性; 流式细胞仪倍性鉴定显示, 对照DNA相对含量为200, 四倍体再生植株为400。四倍体根尖染色体2n = 4x = 36。 相似文献
13.
培养料C／N和含N量对毛木耳生长发育的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
试验结果表明,商业化栽培毛木耳的培养料不需添加有机氮源,采用高C/N(60～100:1)和低含N量(0.4％～0.8％)的配方,干耳生物学效率(ABE％)为20％～24％,出耳后污染少,耳片商品率高。干耳产量(y_1=ABE％)、单袋经济效益(y_2,元/袋)、培养料C/N(x_1)及N％(x_2)的回归方程分别为: y_1=-15.1746 20.4322 lgx_1,r=0.9630,P>0.01; y_2=-3.5729 2.8329 lgx_1,r=0.9815,P>0.01; y_1=20.9942-20.7741 lgx_2,r=-0.9474,P>0.01; y_2=1.4202-2.4361 lgx_2,r=-0.8061,P>0.05。 相似文献
14.
AIM: To evaluate the changes and clinical significance of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH). METHODS: Forty-eight patients with CHD and left-to-right shunt were selected randomly from cardiac surgery in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University. Forty-eight patients were divided into 3 groups according to the pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) by Doppler echocardiography before operation: group A was normal (PASP<30 mmHg, n=15); group B was mild PH (PASP 30-49 mmHg, n=15); group C was moderate-severe PH (PASP≥50 mmHg, n=18). The radical operation was performed successfully under complex intravenous anesthesia in all 48 patients. The radial arterial blood was collected immediately before operation, 1 h and 24 h after operation. The concentration of plasma H2S was measured by optical absorbance method at 670 nm and HO-1 activity in serum was detected by dual wavelength spectrophotometer at different time points. RESULTS: Plasma level of H2S in all groups after operation was higher than that in the same group before operation. Significant difference of the plasma H2S level was observed between pre-operation and 24 h post-operation in the same group (P<0.05). The plasma level of H2S in group C and group B at time points of pre-operation, 1 h post-operation or 24 h post-operation was significantly lower than that in group A, the plasma level of H2S in group C was significantly lower than that in group B. Compared to the values in each group before operation, the activity of serum HO-1 among groups after operation was not obviously and statistically different (P>0.05). No obvious difference of HO-1 activity in blood among 3 groups was observed (P>0.05). There was a negative correlation between PASP and the level of H2S in 3 groups at time points of pre-operation, 1 h and 24 h post-operation (pre-operation, r=-0.66, P<0.01; 1 h post-operation, r=-0.458, P<0.01; 24 h post-operation, r=-0.730, P<0.01). No correlation between PASP and HO-1 activity in blood serum was found. CONCLUSION: H2S plays an important role in the formation of PH and remodeling of pulmonary vasculature. There is no correlation between PASP and HO-1 activities in blood, but HO-1 may play an indirect action in the formation of PH and remodeling of pulmonary vasculature. Measuring the level of H2S may be a reliable method to follow the change of pulmonary pressure and worsened PH. 相似文献
15.
三倍体狗牙根染色体数变异的分子细胞学鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对三倍体狗牙根‘矮生百慕大’进行细胞学研究,结果表明,其细胞内染色体数存在非整倍性变异,变化范围为2n=27~30。进一步利用荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术以45S rDNA为探针进行鉴定,发现在三倍体狗牙根‘矮生百慕大’细胞中有3条染色体含有45S rDNA,并且都位于着丝粒部位。这3条染色体上的杂交信号强弱不一,两个染色体在45S rDNA区杂交信号较强,且易伸长呈线状结构,杂交信号较弱的一条染色体可能由于45S rDNA含量比较少,所以这一区域染色体很易在分裂中"拉长"并断裂,形成非整倍体。 相似文献
16.
QI Ben-ling LIU Hong-zhi CAO Lin-sheng CHENG Pei GUAN Si-ming LIU Cheng-yun ZHANG Hu-ping HE Ping WU Jian-ping 《园艺学报》2007,23(4):689-692
AIM: To investigate whether and how AT1 receptor blocker， valsartan， attenuates left ventricular remodeling and failure in a rat model of adriamycin（ADR）-induced dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS: Weight-matched adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups as follows: 1) the ADR group, in which 2.5 mg/kg of ADR was weekly injected via a tail vein for 10 weeks (n=25); 2) concomitant AT1 receptor blocker valsartan and ADR, in which valsartan was administered by daily gavage at a dose of 30 mg·kg-1·d-1 (n=10); 3) control group (n=10). Hemodynamics and echocardiographic measurements were obtained at 12 weeks after treatment. Finally, left ventricle (LV) samples were collected at 12 weeks. The hydroxyproline content was determined by the methods of chloramines T. The expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were measured by Western blotting. MMP-2 and -9 gelatinolytic activities were measured by gelatin zymography. RESULTS: Mortality was significantly lower in valsartan -treated rats than that in ADR rats (20% versus 40%, P<0.01). The dilatation of LV cavity was significantly attenuated in ADR-induced dilated cardiomyopathy rats given valsartan. Valsartan partially normalized LV contractile function, which was significantly reduced in ADR rats. The hydroxyproline content was increased in ADR-DCM group and significantly reduced by valsartan treatment (P<0.01). The protein levels of LV MMP-2 and MMP-9 were increased in ADR rats and attenuated by valsartan treatment (both P<0.01). However, no change in TIMP-1 was observed (P>0.05). The activities of LV myocardial MMP-2 and -9 gelatinolytic were increased significantly in ADR rats (both P<0.01) and attenuated by valsartan treatment (both P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with AT1 receptor blocker valsartan attenuates left ventricular remodeling and failure in a rat model of adriamycin-induced dilated cardiomyopathy. 相似文献
17.
大白菜—结球甘蓝1号染色体二体异附加系的获得与鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以大白菜附加结球甘蓝1号和6号染色体的双单体异附加系为材料,从其自交后代38个植株中筛选出3株2n = 22的植株。通过核型分析及SSR鉴定确定这3个植株为大白菜—结球甘蓝1号染色体二体异附加系,其外观性状在营养生长时期与二倍体大白菜没有明显的差异,在生殖生长期具有部分结球甘蓝的特征,其减数分裂终变期染色体联会时,11个二价体的比率达90.10%,后期Ⅱ以11-11-11-11分离的比例为83.50%,从而证明了具有很高的遗传稳定性。 相似文献
18.
茎瘤芥瘤茎增长过程的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以茎瘤芥涪杂1号为试材,研究了瘤茎膨大后瘤茎性状的变化过程。结果表明:用Logistic方程y=k(1+e(a+bt)-1能很好地描述瘤茎纵径、横径、鲜样质量、干样质量的增长过程,而菜形指数的变化过程符合二次回归方程)y=a+b1t+b2t2。瘤茎纵径、横径、干样质量、鲜样质量线性增长始期分别出现在膨大后2.1-9.6d、17.8-19.7d、45.7～48.0d、46.0～50.5d,线性增长持续时间分别为61.6-78,1d、56.1～70.6d、32.9～34.8d、31.6～35.2d;增长高峰期出现在膨大后32.9-48.7d、45.8-55.0d、63.1～64.5d、63.5-66.3d,其最大增长速率分别高达每株每天0.17cm(纵径)、0.16cm(横径)、1.05g(Dw)、16.24g(Fw)。播种晚则瘤茎横径线性增长持续时间短,纵径、干鲜质量增长速率低,而菜形指数的变化由慢到快的递增演变为由快到慢的递减。 相似文献
19.
REN Su-wei CUI Zhi-hui HUANG Tuo-fu FAN Hai-ling CHEN Jiang-fan WANG Xiao-tong CHEN Xiang 《园艺学报》2013,29(1):36-42
AIM： To study the expression of p-p38 MAPK in partial cerebral tissues after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) in the neonatal adenosine A2A receptor knockout (A2AR-/-) mice. METHODS：Base on the modified Rice method, the model of HIBD was established. The total 64 C57/BL6 neonatal mice (7 days old) of A2AR-/-(KO) and corresponding wild type (A2AR+/+, WT) were randomized into sham-operated group and model group. The mice in model group were divided into 3 subgroups： 1 d after HIBD, 3 d after HIBD and 7 d after HIBD (n=8 for each group). The cortex and hippocampal CA1 region were used as the study areas. The neuronal apoptosis was detected using TUNEL assay combined with Nissl staining. The expression of p-p38 MAPK and activated caspase-3 was determined by the method of immunohistochemistry. The KO mice and WT mice were also taken from sham-operated group (SKO and SWT, n=10) and model group (MKO and MWT, n=30) 1 d after HIBD to assess the early neurological behavior. RESULTS：The apoptotic neurons, activated caspase-3 and p-p38 MAPK increased after HIBD and peaked at 1 d after HIBD in the cortex and the hippocampal CA1 region. The apoptotic neurons and the expression of activated caspase-3 in KO mice were significantly higher than those in WT mice at the same time point after HIBD. The expression level of p-p38 MAPK in KO mice were significantly higher than that in WT mice at 1 d and 3 d after HIBD. The expression of activated caspase-3 was positively correlated with the expression of p-p38 MAPK in neonatal mice after HIBD (in the cortex：r=0.957, P<0.01; in the hippocampal CA1 region： r=0.939, P<0.01). CONCLUSION：p-p38 MAPK might be involved in the aggravated neuron apoptosis and brain damage induced by A2AR knockout after neonatal HIBO. 相似文献