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为探讨铜缺乏对奶牛大脑、小脑及脊髓乙酰胆碱酯酶（ACHEase)组化特征（分布特点及活性）的影响，本实验选择铜缺乏症高发区自然发病的奶犊牛6头，剖杀后采集大脑、小脑、脊髓作冰冻切片及酶组化染色，以6头同年生健康奶犊牛为对照。实验结果表明，发病奶牛大脑、小脑及脊髓中ACHEase计数值均显著低于对照组奶牛（P＜0．05）；除大脑外，铜缺额奶牛脊髓上小脑中ACHEase的扫描值也显著低于对照组（P＜0．05）；发病奶牛脊髓小脑中ACHEase的扫描值也低于对照组（P＜0．05）；发病奶牛组织中ACHEase酶颗粒的分布也发生特征性的变化。结论：神经递质酶活性的改变是导致奶牛铜缺乏症病理过程的重要原因。 相似文献
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采用HRP逆行追踪法,研究了北京鸭小脑脊髓束的起源、细胞构筑及终止范围。分别在脊髓的颈部、胸部和腰部注射30%～50%HRP,灌注固定,冰冻连续切片。BDHC法显色,中性红复染。在颈前部脊髓注射HRP后,对侧小脑内侧核中出现了大量的标记细胞,对侧小脑皮质的蒲金野细胞层中也发现了一些标记细胞。当沿脊髓向后注射HRP,则标记细胞依次明显减少,而蒲金野细胞层中未见到标记细胞。在C9以后的各部注入HRP,小脑各核与蒲金野细胞层中都不再出现标记细胞。结果表明,北京鸭小脑核可划分为内侧核、中间核和外侧核,小脑脊髓束主要起始于小脑对侧深部的内侧核,其下行投射范围只能抵达脊髓的颈中部;小脑皮质的少量蒲金野细胞也可直接发出投射纤维到颈段脊髓。 相似文献
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本文用肉眼观察10例北京鸭小脑。6例小脑连续切片,Nissl染色,光镜下观察小脑核。25例在北京鸭小脑皮层及小脑内、外侧核内注HRP,10例在脊髓注入HRP,追踪脑干和小脑的标记细胞。明确小脑皮层及核的脑干传入神经元及小脑向脊髓投射的神经元。北京鸭小脑较小,占全脑长的40％。仅蚓部发达,没有小脑半球,而有一对小脑耳。小脑的分叶与鸡的相似。首裂前有舌,中央小叶,山顶三个部分;首裂与锥前裂间有山坡、蚓小叶与蚓结节;锥前裂后方有蚓锥,蚓垂和小结。蚓锥与蚓垂不十分后凸。用HRP追踪实验,在小脑皮层、蚓结节及蚓锥部注HRP,在桥核,F橄榄,螺旋内侧核,内侧网状核,中缝核等出现标记细胞。小脑耳部注HRP则在左右前庭核,被盖背侧核,F橄榄及内侧纵束核出现标记细胞。用HRP注入小脑内侧核在前庭各核,桥核,双侧螺旋内侧核,外侧网状核及F橄榄,Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ内侧1/3蒲金野氏细胞出现标记。在外侧核注HRP则在前庭各核,双侧螺旋内侧核,桥核,双侧蓝斑,F橄榄及三叉神经脊束核,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ叶小脑外侧部皮层出现标记。在颈中段脊髓注入HRP,在小脑皮层蒲金野氏细胞及小脑内侧核出现标记。本文讨论了视觉与小脑联系的结构,明确桥核在禽类是视顶盖传向小脑的中继站。小脑耳不仅有前庭的传入,还有视觉的通路。明确北京鸭小脑的皮层 相似文献
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测定了20只果子狸的体温和呼吸频率及22项血液生理生化指标。结果表明，果子狸的体温随着冬眠期的到未而相应下降，呼吸频率也变浅变慢，以后随着冬眠期的结束，逐渐恢复到恒温期的水平。所测果子狸的血液生理生化指标和猫的正常值相近，但低于犬的正常值。 相似文献
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北京鸭下行投射到脊髓的神经元在脑内的分布——用HRP逆行追踪法研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
用HRP法,逆行追踪了54例北京鸭下行投射到脊髓的神经纤维的起始部位。用乌拉坦麻醉,分别在脊髓的C_7、颈膨大或腰膨大部注射30～50％HRP,灌流固定,取脑做冰冻连续切片。蓝色反应显色,中性红复染,镜检。实验结果,各脑区出现的标记细胞主要位于同侧,对侧较少。而红核内的标记细胞绝大多数分布于对侧,同侧极少。在其它部位,同侧前庭外侧核中,标记细胞较多,双侧的前庭内侧核和对侧的前庭降核中标记细胞极少。对侧小脑内侧核中有较多的标记细胞,对侧小脑皮质的蒲金野细胞层也有少量标记细胞。脑桥和延髓的外侧网状核、巨细胞网状核及延髓中央核均有标记细胞。中缝核有大量标记细胞。另外,下丘脑室旁核及其腹侧和腹外侧的内细胞层和外细胞层,也有标记。在迷走背核、疑核、孤束核、蓝斑及蓝斑下核都有直接到脊髓的投射。在大脑各部和中脑顶盖内未见到标记细胞。本文结合哺乳类和某些禽类的资料与北京鸭的下行传导通路的起源进行了比较。结果表明:北京鸭具有与哺乳类相似的红核脊髓束、前庭脊髓束、网状脊髓束、小脑脊髓束、中缝脊髓束及孤束核脊髓束,而没有大脑皮质脊髓束和顶盖脊髓束。本文中的发现,迷走背核、疑核和小脑皮质向脊髓的直接投射,尚未见过报道。 相似文献
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果子狸也叫白鼻狗、花面狸，是珍贵的经济动物。果子狸肉味鲜美、营养丰富，是名贵的野味佳肴，名列山珍海味中的八珍。果子狸的毛皮称为青谣皮，是我国出口创汇的主要毛皮之一。果子狸是杂食性动物，人工养殖成本低、收益大，同时对这一珍贵资源的保护、开发和利用也有重要的意义。目前，广西、湖南等省区已有相当规模的饲养。１生物学特性在生物分类学上，果子狸属于哺乳纲、食肉目、灵猫科的动物。体长约５０～７０cm，被毛灰棕色，头面部有白条斑，尾长３５～４５cm，体重５～７kg。２生活习性果子狸适应性强，在我国长江、黄河流域大多… 相似文献
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本研究旨在对萱草根素中毒家兔中枢神经系统进行病理学研究。从北黄花菜根中提取萱草根素，用1％的淀粉溶液配制成2％混悬液，试验组家兔每只每天灌服萱草根素混悬液4mL／kg，对照组灌服等量的1％淀粉溶液。于处理后第4、7、10、13、16、19天进行常规病理学检查。试验第4天大脑、小脑、脊髓和视神经中的神经纤维出现脱髓鞘变化，在小脑从白质中央向两侧进行性扩展，在脊髓从边缘向中央扩展，最终呈丝瓜络样变；第7天起，蒲肯野氏细胞和脊髓神经细胞发生固缩、坏死；第10天，大脑神经细胞出现坏死、凋亡，并且数目逐渐增多，出现噬神经现象，视网膜萎缩，节细胞固缩、溶解消失。超微结构观察显示，髓鞘变薄，板层崩解、断裂、分离，失去原来的致密结构；神经细胞染色体边集，线粒体肿胀、消失并空泡化、粗面内质网扩张，结构模糊。结果表明，萱草根素可引起神经纤维脱髓鞘和神经细胞的广泛性坏死，并最终导致家兔失明和死亡。 相似文献
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The spinal cords of 16 normal dogs were exposed via dorsal laminectomies and damaged with a known impact force. In eight dogs the injured portions of the spinal cords were irrigated, without durotomy, for 2 h with normothermic saline. The remaining eight dogs were used as controls and were not irrigated. The results showed that normothemic irrigation of damaged spinal cords, immediately after impact trauma, had a significant beneficial effect on the functional recovery of the spinal cords. 相似文献
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通过研究发现 ,果子狸的脾脏和淋巴结在大体解剖和组织结构上有着不同的特征。果子狸淋巴结的被膜较厚 ,皮质部位于淋巴结的中央 ,髓质部位于淋巴结的四周 ,淋巴小结的生发中心明显。脾脏的脾窦相对发达 ,脾小梁丰富 ,脾小体生发中心明显 ,脾脏的被膜及被膜内平滑肌发达。 相似文献
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Heechul Kim Changjong Moon Jeongtae Kim Meejung Ahn Jin Won Hyun Jae Woo Park Sung-Ho Kim Seungjoon Kim Taekyun Shin 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2007,8(4):323-327
Phosphorylation of caveolin-1 occurs during cell activation by various stimuli. In this study, the involvement of caveolin-1 in an irradiation injured spinal cord was examined by analyzing the phosphorylation of caveolin-1 in the spinal cord of rats after irradiation with a single dose of 15 Gray from a 60Co γ-ray source at 24 h post-irradiation (PI). A Western blot analysis showed that the phosphorylated form of caveolin-1 (p-caveolin-1) was expressed constitutively in the normal spinal cords and was significantly higher in the spinal cord of irradiated rats at 24 h PI. The increased expression of ED1, which is a marker of activated microglia/macrophages, was matched with that of p-caveolin-1. In the irradiated spinal cords, there was a higher level of p-caveolin-1 immunoreactivity in the isolectin B4-positive microglial, ependymal, and vascular endothelial cells, in which p-caveolin-1 was weakly and constitutively expressed in the normal control spinal cords. These results suggest that total body irradiation induces activation of microglial cells in the spinal cord through the phosphorylation of caveolin-1. 相似文献
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In this study, volume densities of white and grey matters of cervical segments of spinal cords of quail were investigated stereologically. In both sexes, mature, six quails were used as material of this study. All animals were fixed by perfusing in 10% buffered formalin. Tissue specimens were obtained from cervical spinal cords. These tissue specimens were cut every fiftieth section at 5 μm thickness by a microtome. And mean six or seven sections were examined from every block by this method at microscope. After that, these sections were stained by haematoxylin eosin and photographed. Densities of volumes of all tissues of cervical segments of whole spinal cords and white and grey matters were calculated with principle of Cavalieri. As a result, total volume of spinal cord, volumes of white and grey matters of cervical segment and volume rates of white and grey matters were calculated. 相似文献
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STEVEN F. SWAIM D.V.M. M.S. MARC VANDEVELDE D.V.M. † WILLIAM C. SAMMONS D.V.M. ¶ LINDA BAINE D.V.M. § JOHN A. McGUIRE Ph.D. ‡ 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1979,8(4):119-124
Lumbar dorsal laminectomies were performed on 24 dogs, and exposed spinal cords were subjected to various time-temperature combinations of perfusion according to the following schedule: 1) 30 minutes of hypothermic perfusion—6 dogs; 2) 30 minutes of normothermic perfusion—6 dogs; 3) 120 minutes of hypothermic perfusion—6 dogs; and 4) 120 minutes of normothermic perfusion—6 dogs.
Surgery, cord perfusion, and exposure of the dorsal aspects of the spinal cord to the epaxial musculature for 5 days following surgery produced histopathologic changes in the dorsal aspects of the cord, especially around the dorsal root area. Hypothermic spinal cord perfusion for 120 minutes produced a marked deleterious effect on normal spinal cord function and spinal cord tissue. Spinal cords exposed to 30 minutes of hypothermic or normothermic perfusion or 120 minutes of normothermic perfusion had less severe clinical and histopathologic changes than those exposed to 120 minutes of hypothermic perfusion. Hypothermic perfusion for 30 minutes and 120 minutes affected not only dorsal aspects of the cord, but also the grey matter. The most severe change in grey matter occurred in cords perfused for 120 minutes. 相似文献
Surgery, cord perfusion, and exposure of the dorsal aspects of the spinal cord to the epaxial musculature for 5 days following surgery produced histopathologic changes in the dorsal aspects of the cord, especially around the dorsal root area. Hypothermic spinal cord perfusion for 120 minutes produced a marked deleterious effect on normal spinal cord function and spinal cord tissue. Spinal cords exposed to 30 minutes of hypothermic or normothermic perfusion or 120 minutes of normothermic perfusion had less severe clinical and histopathologic changes than those exposed to 120 minutes of hypothermic perfusion. Hypothermic perfusion for 30 minutes and 120 minutes affected not only dorsal aspects of the cord, but also the grey matter. The most severe change in grey matter occurred in cords perfused for 120 minutes. 相似文献
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20 0 1年 10月 ,在湖南省野生动物救护繁殖中心随机抽取果子狸血液样品 ,用血液检验的常规方法测定血液学和部分血液生化指标 ,统计结果表明 ,果子狸的红细胞 (RBC)为 (7 0 1± 1 0 7)× 10 1 2 /L ,血红蛋白含量(HB)为 (84± 13 2 7)g/L ,红细胞压积 (PCV)为 33 80 %± 4 86 % ,平均红细胞血红蛋白 (MCH)为 (12 1±2 0 2 )pg ,平均红细胞体积 (MCV)为 (48 6± 8 0 3)fL ,平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度 (MCHC)为 2 4 9%± 1 2 9% ,谷丙转氨酶 (GPT)为 35 8± 13 5赖氏单位 ,谷草转氨酶 (GOT)为 4 7 5± 2 1 0 3赖氏单位 ,乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)为710± 379 8活性单位 ,碱性磷酸酶 (AKP)为 2 14± 0 75布氏单位 ,此测定值可作为正常值供以后研究参考。 相似文献
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Meejung Ahn Heechul Kim Jeong Tae Kim Jeeyoung Lee Jin Won Hyun Jae Woo Park Taekyun Shin 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2006,7(4):309-314
We studied the expression of caveolin-1 in the spinal cords of rats using 60Co γ-ray irradiation (single dose of 8 Gray (Gy)) in order to determine the possible involvement of caveolin-1 in the tissues of the central nervous system after irradiation. Spinal cords sampled at days 1, 4, and 9 post-irradiation (PI) (n = 5 per each time point) were analyzed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of caveolin-1 was significantly increased at day 1 PI (p < 0.05), and returned to the level of normal control rats on days 4 and 9 PI. Immunohistochemistry showed that caveolin-1 immunoreactivity was enhanced in some glial cells, vascular endothelial cells, and neurons in the spinal cords. The increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker for an astroglial reaction, was consistent with that of caveolin-1. In addition, caveolin-1 was co-localized in hypertrophied GFAP-positive astrocytes. Taking all these facts into consideration, we postulate that irradiation induces the increased expression of caveolin-1 in cells of the central nervous system, and that its increased expression in astrocytes may contribute to hypertrophy of astrocytes in the spinal cord after irradiation. The precise role of caveolin-1 in the spinal cords should be studied further. 相似文献
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The spinal cords of 20 normal dogs were exposed via dorsal laminectomies at L1 and damaged with a direct impact force of 440 g cm. One hour later treatment with dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) was started on 10 dogs and with epsilon amino caproic acid (EACA) on the other 10 dogs. Administration of the DMSO ceased at 41 h after trauma and EACA at 49 h. The results showed that neither drug had a significant beneficial effect on the functional recovery of the spinal cords, when compared to a control group of similarly traumatised dogs. 相似文献
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Equine chronic back pain (CBP) has been linked to different pathologic processes, which directly or indirectly involve spinal structures. Thus, making diagnosis and management very challenging with most horses with the condition recommended for early retirement from athletic activity. This study described the spinal cord lesions and the development of reactive microgliosis and astrocytosis in the spinal cords of horse with CBP. Thoracolumbar spinal cord segments from three horses euthanized because of unresolved CBP were dissected and grossly and histopathologically examined. The expression of activated microglia and astrocytes were demonstrated immunohistochemically using polyclonal rabbit anti-Iba-1 and anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein antibodies, respectively. All horses had radiological evidence of varying degrees of kissing spine involving six to nine vertebrae with the majority of the lesions graded between 2 and 5. Grossly, there was myelomalacia with intramedullary hemorrhages. The gray matters of the spinal cords were characterized by hemorrhagic malacic lesions with medullary disintegration. Reactive microgliosis and astrocytosis were evident in the spinal dorsal horns. White matter lesions include axonal swollen and/or loss, satellitosis, and varying degrees of dilation of myelin sheaths with some containing macrophages. In conclusion, the presence of reactive microgliosis and astrogliosis in the spinal dorsal horn indicates that they are possible precipitating factors in the development of equine CBP. 相似文献