共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 828 毫秒
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近年来,国内外学者越来越关注母猪营养与繁殖性能之间关系。随着现代育种技术的不断改进,母猪的繁殖性能不断提高,这给母猪的营养需求提出更高的要求。1维生素对母猪繁殖性能的调控维生素是维持母猪健康、正常发育所必需的微量营养成分,对母猪的繁殖性能具有重要意义。研究表明,给母猪提供充足的维生素可提高受胎率和胚胎成活率,保证胚胎和新生仔猪的良好发育。1.1维生素A维生素A对母猪繁殖性能具有重要影响。Coffey等发现,在断奶、发情及发情后7d给经产母猪注射维生素A或胡萝卜素可使窝产仔数增加0.6～1.5头。Whaley等报道,初产母猪在配… 相似文献
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配种前营养策略对母猪妊娠早期胚胎成活率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提高母猪妊娠早期胚胎成活率可以增加产仔数，提高经济效益。配种前营养对妊娠早期胚胎成活率具有重要的影响．这种影响的途径与卵泡发育和卵母细胞质量密切相关。本文综述了配种前营养．包括营养水平、能量来源、蛋白质、纤维等对后备母猪和哺乳母猪妊娠早期胚胎成活率的影响。 相似文献
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脂滴不仅是真核细胞内贮存甘油三酯和胆固醇酯等中性脂质的重要细胞器,也是细胞代谢和细胞器质量控制的中心调控者,参与细胞能量代谢、类固醇激素合成、内质网应激、线粒体功能以及生物膜结构形成等过程的调控。目前认为脂滴合成于内质网,并以出芽的方式进入细胞质。脂滴是呈动态分布的细胞器,其数量、大小以及分布受细胞获得营养物质和代谢状态影响。众所周知,哺乳动物卵母细胞含有脂滴,且卵母细胞中含有足够数量的脂滴与卵母细胞成熟和早期胚胎发育密切相关。更重要的是,最近的研究表明,脂滴在胚胎附植着床过程中发挥了至关重要的作用,即使卵母细胞中脂滴含量较低的哺乳动物,维持适量的脂滴对早期胚胎发育也很重要。因此,本文综述了脂滴的合成与分布,分析了脂滴的主要功能,重点阐述脂滴在动物卵母细胞成熟和早期胚胎发育期间的关键作用,并讨论脂滴卵母细胞和胚胎内脂滴含量与胚胎滞育持续时间的关系,以期为通过调控脂滴代谢而增强卵母细胞质量和胚胎发育能力,进而提高动物繁殖性能提供理论基础。 相似文献
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作者探讨短期限饲对初情期前母猪和初产母猪繁殖机能的影响及其机理。当体重和脂肪与肌肉比例无变化,短期限饲影响初情期前母猪卵巢繁殖功能。葡萄糖和胰岛素在初情期前母猪繁殖机能中有重要作用。胰岛素是营养与繁殖之间的一个媒介。无内源性激素影响时,短期限饲调节卵巢繁殖功能。在限饲期间,促性腺激素在白天出现明显节奏性释放。短期限饲通过胰岛素影响初产母猪卵泡发育、断奶后发情间隔和排卵率。胰岛素是营养与胚胎存活率之间的介质。短期限饲由于限饲时间不同对初产母猪胚胎存活率影响也不同。分析营养与繁殖机能关系,调节营养使母猪发挥最大繁殖潜力,促进养猪业发展。 相似文献
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这篇综述分别讨论了配种前营养水平对后备母猪、哺乳母猪以及配种后营养水平对母猪的繁殖性能的影响。论述了营养水平对母猪卵泡发育、排卵率、胚胎存活率等较重要繁殖性能的影响。配种前优饲、配种后劣饲被认为是提高母猪繁殖力较科学的策略。 相似文献
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1、选择优良猪种的杂种母猪,商品猪的母体大都采用长大或大长母猪,这是因为杂种母猪在繁殖性能上具有杂种优势。同时,体型应平直或微倾,奶头排列整齐均匀,一般在7对以上,奶头饱满不能有瞎头、副乳头等。外阴部大小适中、下垂。 2、初产母猪的饲养管理:母猪过肥或过瘦均会影响母猪的受胎、产仔数量、活仔数。初产母猪过肥使子宫周围沉积大量脂肪而影响子宫的生理功能,妨碍胎儿发育,多产弱仔、死胎,或在怀孕初期胚胎被化解吸收。母猪过瘦则营养不足或失调,使胎儿发育受阻,极易发生流产或产死胎。因此,在生产中一定要根据实际情况控制后备母… 相似文献
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HM Knijn W Fokker GC van der Weijden SJ Dieleman PLAM Vos 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2012,47(2):177-183
The objective of this study was to evaluate a new superovulation procedure with oFSH after temporary suppression of the endogenous LH surge by norgestomet followed by administration of GnRH, to collect bovine oocytes and embryos at specific developmental stages. Since 1999, our research group applies this superovulation procedure with controlled release of the endogenous LH surge. The objective of this study is to verify if this procedure is reliable for collection of oocytes and embryos at specific time points of development and if it produces a sufficient number of both oocytes and embryos of good quality. This procedure was validated regarding to hormonal characteristics, superovulatory response and both oocyte and embryo yield at different times of in vivo development. The results demonstrate that the procedure used to control the occurrence of the pre‐ovulatory LH surge was effective in 92% of the animals (n = 238) and even in 99% of the animals the oocytes and embryos were collected at the intended stage of development. The superovulatory response and both oocyte, embryo yield and quality were similar to the average yield in Europe reported by Association Européenne de transfert embryonnaire (AETE). In conclusion, this superovulation procedure provides a valid tool to collect oocytes and embryos at specific time points of development. 相似文献
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One-carbon metabolism (OCM) can be seen as integrated metabolic pathways centered on the metabolism of two nutritional substances, folate and methionine. Mammalian oocytes and preimplantation embryos express almost all enzymes that participate in OCM, suggesting that they can independently metabolize OCM nutrients. A deficiency or excess of OCM nutrients and their metabolites during in vitro culture affects preimplantation development of mammalian embryos. Recent in vivo studies have demonstrated that specific OCM dietary interventions during the periconceptional (mainly oocyte growth and preimplantation) period can cause epigenetic alterations in DNA of offspring and program the long-term consequences in their health in adulthood. The epigenetic processes are likely to be implicated in the effects of OCM nutrients; however, understanding their effects at the level of specific genes and their implications in assisted reproductive technology will require further investigations. 相似文献
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H Naoi B Agung NWK Karja P Wongsrikeao R Shimizu M Taniguchi T Otoi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(2):157-161
This study was conducted to examine the effects of the reproductive cycle of donor cat on the quality of oocytes at recovery and developmental competence of oocytes after in vitro fertilization (IVF) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT). Based on the presence or absence of follicles and corpora lutea, the ovarian pairs collected were classified into inactive, follicular or luteal stages. After collection of oocytes, the oocytes were classified into four grades according to the morphological condition of oocyte cytoplasm and cumulus cells. A total of 16 558 oocytes were obtained from 198 ovarian pairs. The total mean numbers of oocytes and the mean numbers of oocytes with high quality (grade I) were significantly higher in ovarian pairs at the inactive stage (111.1 and 19.0 oocytes, respectively) than in ovarian pairs at the follicular stage (67.1 and 11.4 oocytes, respectively). A significant difference in the proportions of oocytes with grade I out of the total examined oocytes was observed between the follicular and luteal stages of ovaries (14.9% vs 20.2%, p < 0.05). The proportions of IVF embryos cleaved and developed to blastocysts significantly decreased with decreased quality of oocytes at recovery, irrespective of the reproductive status of ovaries. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the proportions of cleavage and development to the blastocyst stage of IVF and NT embryos among three oestrous stages of ovaries. These results indicate that the reproductive cycle stage of donor cat ovaries has no apparent effects on the in vitro development of oocytes after IVF and NT, but the quality of oocytes at recovery influences the development of IVF embryos. 相似文献
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HUA Zai-dong GUO Shuai XIAO Hong-wei REN Hong-yan ZHANG Li-ping GE Yao-wen 《中国畜牧兽医》2017,44(11):3143-3148
To investigate the impact of porcine oocytes in vivo and in vitro maturation (IVM) on the development of porcine somatic cell cloned embryos,the somatic cell cloned embryos cultured in vitro and the sows were treated with hormones to collect mature oocytes in vivo,and the cleavage rate, blastocyst rate and embryo implantation were compared. The results showed that the average number of ovulation in PGC+PMSG+HCG group was significantly higher than that of PGC+HCG,PMSG+HCG and the natural estrus groups (P<0.05). The oocytes collected in vivo could be used for the construction, and the available oocytes rate reached more than 90%,and there was no significant difference among the four groups (P>0.05),which indicated that groups treated by hormone could obtain more available oocytes and the quality of oocytes was not significant different. In vivo and in vitro matured oocytes were used as nuclear transfer embryos of recombinant receptor,the fusion efficiency (80.31% and 79.29%) and cleavage rate (90.40% and 86.51%) were not significant different (P>0.05), but the proportion of in vivo matured oocytes cloned embryos developed into the blastocyst stage was significantly higher (P<0.05). The reconstructed embryos made from in vivo and in vitro matured oocytes were transplanted into surrogate sows (transferred 30 or 60 embryos),10 piglets were born in in vivo maturation of cloned embryo transfer group,while there was no implantation in in vitro maturation of cloned embryo transfer group. The results showed that high quality oocytes obtained by superovulation could significantly increase the blastocyst rate of embryos,reduce the number of embryos transferred and improve the pregnancy rate of surrogate sows. 相似文献
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为探讨猪体内、外成熟卵母细胞对核移植重组胚胎发育能力的影响,试验通过激素促排获得体内成熟卵母细胞和收集废弃卵巢获取体外成熟的卵母细胞,分别构建核移植重组胚,比较其卵裂率、囊胚率及胚胎移植受孕情况。结果显示,PGC+PMSG+HCG组的平均排卵数（27.8枚/头）显著高于PGC+HCG （12.5枚/头）、PMSG+HCG （13.7枚/头）及自然发情组（11.5枚/头）（P<0.05）,体内收集到的卵母细胞,可用于构建核移植重组胚的可用卵率均达到90%以上,与其他处理组差异不显著（P>0.05）,说明通过激素处理可获得更多的可用卵母细胞,而且卵母细胞的质量没有显著差异;以体内和体外成熟卵母细胞作为核移植受体构建的克隆胚胎,二者的胚胎融合率（80.31%和79.29%）和卵裂率（90.40%和86.51%）差异均不显著（P>0.05）,但来自体内成熟卵母细胞克隆的胚胎发育至囊胚期的比例显著升高（P<0.05）;将体内、外成熟卵母细胞构建的核移植重组胚分别移植代孕母猪,头平均移植30或60枚时,体内成熟卵母构建的克隆胚胎移植出生仔猪10头,而体外培养卵母细胞构建的克隆胚胎均未着床受孕,表明通过激素促排获得的卵母细胞质量更好,能显著提高克隆胚胎的囊胚率,减少胚胎移植数量,提高代孕母猪的怀孕率。 相似文献
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Mitochondria are important determinants of developmental competence for oocytes and embryos owing to their central role in cellular metabolism, yet mitochondrial activity and morphometry during early porcine development have not been quantified. In this study, we examined the membrane potential Δψ(m) and the surface density Sv(in,m) of the inner mitochondrial membrane in pig oocytes and pre-implantation embryos using fluorescent probes and confocal microscopy. Mitochondria and their cristae were also examined by transmission electron microscope. Δψ(m) was consistently low from immature oocytes up to morulae and increased significantly in the early blastocyst before decreasing at the expanded blastocyst stage. This stage-dependent pattern of Δψ(m) changes differs from that reported for other mammals. We also determined that Δψ(m) is lower in cultured when compared to non-cultured porcine early blastocysts. Sv(in,m) was higher in immature oocytes than mature oocytes and remained constant up to the 4- to 8-cell embryo stage. It increased significantly at morula and early blastocyst stages. No differences in Sv(in,m) were found between developmentally matched non-cultured and cultured embryos. These results indicate that the inner mitochondrial membrane potential and surface density change significantly during pre-implantation porcine development in relation to metabolic alterations of the embryo. It is possible that modification of Δψ(m) by manipulating culture conditions may improve the performance of embryos that develop in vitro. 相似文献
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本研究观察了不同超排处理方法对羔山羊卵母细胞体外成熟及体外受精的影响，并将体外受精胚胎进行了移植，以便探讨利用羔山羊卵母细胞生产体外受精胚胎的技术途径。对２～４月龄羔山羊用ＦＳＨ、ＦＳＨ＋ＬＨ（静脉注射）和ＦＳＨ＋ＬＨ（肌肉注射）三种方法进行超排处理，平均分别回收１６．０、２０．３和１５．０枚卵母细胞。将这些卵母细胞进行２０～２４ｈ的成熟培养后，其成熟率分别为４５．５％，４４．４％和７６．５％。成熟卵母细胞经体外受精，体外发育培养后其２～４细胞胚胎的发生率分别为５．６％ａ、６．７％和３１．７％ｂ（ｂ，ｖｓ，ａ，Ｐ＜０．０５）。将９枚２～４细胞期胚胎移植给６只受体母羊，结果有２只妊娠并产羔２只。 相似文献
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Pedro PB Yokoyama E Zhu SE Yoshida N Valdez DM Tanaka M Edashige K Kasai M 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2005,51(2):235-246
To assess the permeability of mouse oocytes and embryos, matured oocytes and embryos at various stages of development were placed in five cryoprotectant solutions at 25 C for 25 min. From the cross-sectional areas of the oocytes/embryos, the relative change in volume was analyzed. In oocytes, shrinkage was least extensive and recovery was quickest in the propylene glycol solution, showing that propylene glycol permeates the oocytes most rapidly. Dimethyl sulfoxide, acetamide, and ethylene glycol permeated the oocytes slightly more slowly than propylene glycol. The oocytes in glycerol shrunk extensively and then expanded marginally, indicating slow permeation. The volume changes of 1-cell and 2-cell embryos were similar to those of oocytes, showing little change in permeability. In 8-cell embryos, the volume recovered much faster than in the earlier stages especially in glycerol and acetamide. In morulae, the volume recovery was much faster in glycerol and in ethylene glycol; in ethylene glycol, the extent of shrinkage was small and the recovery was fast, indicating an extremely rapid permeation. Although the permeability of oocytes/embryos generally increased as embryo development proceeded, the degree of increase varied greatly among the cryoprotectants. Interestingly, the volume change in propylene glycol was virtually unaffected by the stage of development. Such information will be valuable for determining a suitable protocol for the cryopreservation of oocytes/embryos at different stages of development. 相似文献
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Shun TAKEO Hiroya GOTO Takehito KUWAYAMA Yasunori MONJI Hisataka IWATA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(2):174-179
Age-associated deterioration in both the quality and quantity of mitochondria occurs in
older women. The main aim of this study was to examine the effect of age on mitochondrial
DNA copy number (mtDNA number) in early developmental stage bovine embryos as well as the
dynamics of mtDNA number during early embryo development. Real-time PCR was used to
determine mtDNA number. In vitro-produced embryos 48 h after insemination
derived from Japanese black cows, ranging in age from 25 to 209 months were categorized
based on their cleavage status. There was an overall negative relationship between the age
of the cow and cleavage status, to the extent that the ratio of embryos cleaved over the
4-cell stage was greater in younger cows. The mtDNA number did not differ among the
cleaved status of embryos. In the next experiment, oocytes collected from each donor cow
were divided into 2 groups containing 10 oocytes each, in order to compare the mtDNA
number of mature oocytes and early developmental stage embryos within individuals. Upon
comparing the mtDNA number between oocytes at the M2 stage and early developmental stage
48 h post insemination, mtDNA number was found to decrease in most cows, but was found to
increase in some cows. In conclusion, age affects the cleaving ability of oocytes, and
very old cows (> 180 months) tend to have lower mtDNA numbers in their oocytes. The
change in mtDNA number during early development varied among individual cows, although
overall, it showed a tendency to decrease. 相似文献
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Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza Ayman H. Abd El-Aziz Sameh A. Abdelnour Ahmed A. Easa Mahmoud Alagawany Mayada R. Farag Mohsen G. Al-Mutary Ahmed Elfadadny Rajwali Khan Guobo Quan Gong Cheng Linsen Zan 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2021,56(12):1486-1496
Cryopreservation is a modern technique which assists in the preservation of genetic material from oocytes and embryos for a long time. However, elevated vulnerability to cryopreservation due to the large accumulation of intracellular lipids within oocytes or embryos avoids success of this method. These lipids remain the main crucial factor limiting survival rates of oocytes and embryos after thawing. Lipid ingathering in the oocyte cytoplasm augments lipid peroxidation (LPO) and oxidative stress increases the apoptosis process, declines the viability after thawing, declines cytoskeleton actin filament injuries, lowers the blastocyst rates and reduces cryotolerance in the early stages of embryo development. There have been several attempts to reduce the ingathering of intracellular lipids in oocytes or embryos during the cryopreservation process, in that way enhancing the competence of cryopreserved oocytes or embryos and increasing their viability. One of the most applied agents for chemical delipidation is forskolin. Forskolin exhibited a possible part in improving the oocytes cryopreservation through stimulating cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production. The main purpose of cAMP modulation is to provide energy to sustain the mammalian oocytes´ meiotic arrest. The purpose of the existing article is to assess and offer more evidence concerning the forskolin utilization as a modulator of cAMP during the cryopreservation of oocytes and its influence on meiosis completion and the reorganization of cytoplasm, which are prerequisites for the development of oocytes in addition to the contribution to fertilization and subsequently, the development of embryos. 相似文献