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1.
本试验从瘤胃氢代谢生物化学过程的角度出发,研究硝酸钠和2-溴乙烷磺酸钠(BES)对瘤胃甲烷生成的抑制机制。选用2只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年湘东黑山羊作为瘤胃液供体,设对照组、硝酸钠组(添加剂量分别为0.10、0.20和0.40 mg/m L)和BES组(添加剂量分别为0.63、1.26和2.52 mg/L),采用全自动体外模拟瘤胃发酵设备,进行24 h体外瘤胃发酵试验,测定产气量、氢气和甲烷的产量和含量、挥发性脂肪酸产量及组成。结果表明:与对照组相比,添加硝酸钠和BES后,甲烷产量显著降低(P0.05),并且随添加剂量增加,呈现线性下降的变化趋势(P0.05)。低剂量硝酸钠(≤0.20 mg/m L)对产气量、起始底物降解速率、乙酸、丙酸产量和乙丙比无显著影响(P0.05);高剂量硝酸钠(0.40 mg/m L)显著提高了氢气产量及含量,显著降低了产气量、甲烷产量及含量、起始底物降解速率和总挥发性脂肪酸产量(P0.05);添加BES对产气量、起始底物降解速率和总挥发性脂肪酸产量没有显著影响(P0.05),但显著增加了氢气产量及含量(P0.05),显著降低了乙丙比(P0.05),发酵类型向丙酸型转变。由此可见,硝酸钠减少甲烷生成依靠其氢池和瘤胃微生物毒性作用,而BES减少甲烷生成依靠抑制甲烷产生,对气体生成和饲料的降解影响很小。  相似文献   

2.
本试验采用体外产气技术评定日粮中添加植物性脂肪酸钙添加水平对奶牛瘤胃发酵的影响。试验采用以玉米秸秆为基础日粮,其中精粗比为1∶1。试验设5个钙皂添加水平,由植物性脂肪酸钙分别取代0%、2%、4%、6%、8%的精料,来探讨日粮中不同水平植物性脂肪酸钙对奶牛瘤胃发酵参数的影响。试验研究表明,添加植物性脂肪酸钙6%水平以下对瘤胃pH值、产气量、氨态氮浓度、总挥发性脂肪酸量(TVFA)、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸及乙酸:丙酸影响不显著;8%添加水平显著降低瘤胃产气量、丙酸含量,显著提高乙酸含量。  相似文献   

3.
本试验旨在采用体外产气法研究4种天然植物精油(桉叶油、山苍子油、肉桂油和茴香油)对肉羊体外瘤胃发酵参数及甲烷(CH4)产量的影响。体外培养底物精粗比为60∶40,分别添加0(对照)、50、100、200和400 mg/L的桉叶油、山苍子油、肉桂油和茴香油,每种植物精油的每个浓度设置3个重复,体外模拟瘤胃发酵培养24 h,测定24 h产气量和气体中的CH4产量以及瘤胃发酵液的pH、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)和氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度。结果表明:1)添加山苍子油、茴香油显著影响了体外瘤胃发酵液pH(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,添加400 mg/L山苍子油、茴香油显著降低了总VFA浓度(P0.05),且随着山苍子油、茴香油添加浓度的增加呈线性下降趋势(P0.05);添加400 mg/L山苍子油和茴香油均显著增加了乙酸比例(P0.05),且随着山苍子油和茴香油添加浓度的增加呈先降低后升高的二次曲线趋势(P0.05);添加200 mg/L茴香油、400 mg/L桉叶油显著提高了丙酸比例(P0.05),而添加400 mg/L的山苍子油显著降低了丙酸比例(P0.05),且随着桉叶油、山苍子油、茴香油添加浓度的增加呈二次曲线变化趋势(P0.05);添加400 mg/L桉叶油、200 mg/L茴香油显著降低了乙酸/丙酸(P0.05),添加400 mg/L山苍子油显著增加了乙酸/丙酸(P0.05),且随着桉叶油、山苍子油、茴香油添加浓度的增加呈二次曲线变化趋势(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,添加400 mg/L茴香油显著降低了NH3-N含量(P0.05),且随着茴香油添加浓度的增加呈线性下降趋势(P0.05)。4)与对照组相比,添加400 mg/L山苍子油、茴香油均显著降低了产气量(P0.05),且随则山苍子油添加浓度的增加呈先增加后降低的二次曲线趋势(P0.05),随着茴香油添加浓度的增加呈线性下降趋势(P0.05);添加400 mg/L山苍子油、茴香油显著降低了CH4产量(P0.05),且随着山苍子油添加浓度的增加呈先增加后降低的二次曲线趋势(P0.05),随着茴香油添加浓度的增加呈线性下降趋势(P0.05)。由此可见,不同植物精油对体外瘤胃发酵参数和CH4产量的影响结果不同,且与植物精油浓度有关。  相似文献   

4.
本试验旨在研究玉米作为淀粉来源的低淀粉饲粮条件下不同瘤胃降解淀粉(RDS)水平对体外瘤胃发酵的影响。以3头安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康荷斯坦奶牛作为瘤胃液供体,各组分别以不同RDS水平饲粮作为发酵底物,体外产气法测定培养48 h时产气量和瘤胃发酵参数以及24 h时瘤胃微生物区系变化。结果表明:1)随着饲粮RDS水平的提高,体外培养48 h时产气量、潜在产气部分和产气速率呈线性升高(P0.05),快速发酵部分产气量呈线性下降(P0.05),干物质消失率呈线性升高(P0.05);2)随着饲粮RDS水平的提高,体外培养48 h时发酵液微生物蛋白、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度呈线性升高(P0.05),pH和氨态氮浓度没有显著变化(P0.05);3)随着饲粮RDS水平的提高,体外培养24 h时发酵液中白色瘤胃球菌和嗜淀粉瘤胃杆菌的相对数量呈线性升高(P0.05),黄色瘤胃球菌、琥珀酸丝状杆菌、溶纤维丁酸弧菌、牛链球菌和溶淀粉琥珀酸单胞菌的相对数量没有显著变化(P0.05)。综合考虑,低淀粉饲粮条件下提高RDS水平有利于瘤胃发酵。  相似文献   

5.
采用体外瘤胃发酵试验结合动态产气实时记录技术,分析了添加植酸酶对瘤胃微生物降解和利用糠麸饲料的功效。试验采集3头健康泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃液,以稻糠、玉米麸和麦麸为底物,测定对照组和加酶组(5 U/g植酸酶)发酵72 h的累积产气量、发酵动力学参数和和瘤胃发酵特性指标。结果表明,添加5 U/g植酸酶并不能显著影响稻糠、玉米麸和麦麸的体外干物质消化率、培养液中氨态氮浓度以及发酵的产气量(72 h累积产气量和理论最大产气量)(P>0.050 0),但却能显著降低发酵的产气速率及达到最大产气量1/2时的产气速率(P<0.050 0),显著提高培养液总挥发性脂肪酸浓度(P<0.050 0),总挥发性脂肪酸浓度增幅由高至低依次为麦麸(4.2%)、稻糠(3.3%)和玉米麸(1.7%),除可显著提高异丁酸含量(P<0.050 0)外,对乙酸、丙酸、丁酸等主要挥发性脂肪酸的含量的影响不显著(P>0.050 0)。总之,稻糠、玉米麸和麦麸间体外瘤胃发酵特性存在差异,添加植酸酶可在一定程度上促进瘤胃微生物发酵释放出更多的挥发性脂肪酸,提高瘤胃微生物对饲料中能量物质的发酵利用效率。  相似文献   

6.
利用体外产气法研究添加不同剂量延胡索酸二钠对绵羊瘤胃发酵的影响。采用单因素完全随机设计,发酵底物以可溶性淀粉和纤维素为碳源,以胰蛋白胨为氮源,对照组不添加延胡索酸二钠,试验1、2、3组分别添加占发酵底物干物质1.0%、2.0%和3.0%的延胡索酸二钠。结果显示,与对照组相比,添加1%的延胡索酸二钠（试验1组）可显著（P<0.05）提高瘤胃的总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸产量以及体外产气量和干物质降解率;添加2%的延胡索酸二钠（试验2组）可显著（P<0.05）提高瘤胃的总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸产量和干物质降解率;添加3%的延胡索酸二钠组（试验3组）的瘤胃氨氮浓度、总挥发性脂肪酸和乙酸产量、产气量、干物质降解率与对照组差异不显著（P>0.05）,但丙酸产量显著增加（P<0.05）。综上表明,添加1%和2%的延胡索酸二钠会显著提高绵羊瘤胃发酵性能,但添加3%的延胡索酸二钠,瘤胃发酵能力有所降低。  相似文献   

7.
通过体外产气法研究了添加菊粉、甜菜颗粒以及酵母糖蜜(添加水平分别为0.75%、1.5%、3.00%)三种低聚糖复合物对苜蓿体外瘤胃发酵24 h的产气量、产气参数的影响。结果表明,三种低聚糖复合物的添加显著提高了苜蓿发酵24 h的产气量(P0.05),酵母糖蜜添加效果最明显,各添加水平下,与对照组相比分别提高了21.23%、28.58%和58.33%(P0.05)。低聚糖复合物的添加显著提高了瘤胃快速降解参数a(P0.05),但并未呈现出规律性变化。各添加水平下,慢速降解参数b值以酵母糖蜜添加效果最明显,各添加水平下与对照组相比分别提高了28.61%、54.52%和87.44%(P0.05),低聚糖复合物的添加对瘤胃p H值没有显著影响(P0.05),低聚糖复合物的添加提高了培养液中挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量(P0.05),对乙酸与丙酸比例的影响未呈现出规律性变化。  相似文献   

8.
本试验旨在探讨不同精粗比饲粮中添加酵母培养物(YC)对牦牛瘤胃体外发酵参数的影响。采用3×6两因素交叉分组试验设计,在3个精粗比(40∶60、50∶50、60∶40)饲粮中分别添加6个水平(0、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%和2.5%)的YC,制备出18底物进行体外发酵。结果表明:1)饲粮精粗比对产气量、干物质降解率(DMD)、粗蛋白质降解率(CPD)、酸性洗涤纤维降解率(ADFD)、中性洗涤纤维降解率(NDFD)有显著影响(P0.05),50∶50组和60∶40组DMD、CPD、NDFD、ADFD显著高于40∶60组(P0.05)。饲粮YC添加水平对产气量、CPD、NDFD和ADFD有显著影响(P0.05),0.5%组产气量和CPD显著高于其他各组(P 0.05)。饲粮精粗比和YC添加水平对CPD有显著的互作效应(P0.05)。2)饲粮精粗比对pH及氨态氮(NH3-N)、微生物蛋白(MCP)含量有显著影响(P0.05)。40∶60组pH显著高于50∶50组和60∶40组(P0.05),60∶40组NH3-N含量显著低于40∶60组和50∶50组(P0.05),40∶60组M CP含量显著低于50∶50组和60∶40组(P0.05)。饲粮YC添加水平对NH3-N和M CP含量有显著影响(P 0.05),0.5%组NH3-N和M CP含量显著高于其他各组(P 0.05)。3)饲粮精粗比和YC添加水平对总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)含量和乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸、戊酸比例及乙酸/丙酸均有显著影响和互作效应(P0.05)。60∶40组TVFA含量和丁酸比例显著高于40∶60组和50∶50组(P0.05),40∶60组乙酸、异戊酸比例以及乙酸/丙酸显著高于60∶40组和50∶50组(P 0.05),50∶50组异丁酸和戊酸比例显著高于40∶60组和60∶40组(P 0.05)。1.0%组异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸、戊酸比例显著高于其他各组(P0.05),乙酸/丙酸显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,饲粮精粗比和YC添加水平对牦牛体外瘤胃发酵产气量、养分降解率和发酵参数有一定影响。饲粮精粗比以50∶50和60∶40为宜,YC添加水平以0.5%和1.0%为宜。  相似文献   

9.
研究旨在评价百脉根(Lotus corniculatus L.)对瘤胃发酵特性和消化率的影响,并确定其所含缩合单宁的作用。利用体外发酵系统,设置六组发酵底物,分别为燕麦(O)、燕麦和百脉根混合(OL,干物质比例为11)、百脉根(L)、燕麦+聚乙二醇(PEG)(OP)、燕麦干草和百脉根+聚乙二醇(OLP)、百脉根+聚乙二醇(LP),发酵72 h后测定产气量、干物质消化率和发酵参数。结果表明,在4～24 h和6～24 h之间,百脉根组和百脉根燕麦混合组的产气量明显低于燕麦组(P0.05),添加聚乙二醇后的百脉根组与相应的未添加组相比,产气量降低(P0.05);百脉根组的干物质降解率明显高于燕麦组(P0.05);百脉根组的瘤胃液pH值、总挥发性脂肪酸含量和乙酸浓度明显高于燕麦组(P0.05);添加聚乙二醇的百脉根组和未添加组相比,pH值、氨态氮和挥发性脂肪酸浓度都没有变化(P0.05)。综上所述,与燕麦相比,百脉根瘤胃发酵产气量较低,干物质降解率和总挥发性脂肪酸含量较高,其体内的缩合单宁对瘤胃产气有促进作用,但对其他瘤胃发酵特性没有影响。  相似文献   

10.
试验旨在探究添加不同水平蔗糖对泌乳奶牛体外产气和瘤胃发酵的影响。以泌乳中期奶牛为瘤胃液供体,设置0%、2%、4%、6%、8%共5个蔗糖添加水平,使用微生物发酵微量产气自动记录仪(AGRS-Ⅲ)记录发酵48 h产气量(GP48 h)并拟合产气动力学参数、计算体外干物质消失率(IVDMD)和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量;测定体外发酵0.5、1、2、3、6、48 h的发酵液pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)含量。结果表明：GP48 h、理论最大产气量(A)、达到1/2产气量的产气速率(AGPR)随蔗糖添加水平提高线性增加(P<0.01),蔗糖添加水平对发酵48 h的IVDMD、发酵液pH、VFA和NH3-N含量无显著影响;但体外发酵1、2h的发酵液pH线性下降(P<0.01);6%、8%组乙酸和丙酸比例低于其余3组(P<0.01)。本试验条件下,较对照组而言,4%蔗糖组在不改变瘤胃发酵模式的同时,提高了体外产气速率和底物降解速率。  相似文献   

11.
研究大豆油和莫能菌素对绵羊血液脂质代谢参数及脂肪酸含量的影响,为提高畜产品品质寻找合适的途径。选择4只体重接近、带有永久性瘘管的健康无疾病的绵羊作为试验动物,采用4×4拉丁方试验(对照组、大豆油组、莫能菌素组、莫能菌素+豆油组)设计,每期试验从试验羊颈静脉采血分离血清和血浆。结果表明:添加大豆油、大豆油+莫能菌素复合处理能提高血液中甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(CHOL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量,添加莫能菌素组能显著提高血液中瘦素(Leptin)水平(P<0.05),大豆油和莫能菌素均有提高动物体抗氧化水平的作用;大豆油和莫能菌素复合处理组能提高血液中不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)含量,特别是t11-C18:1、n6-C18:3和n6-C20:3含量显著提高(P<0.05)。结果提示,莫能菌素对大豆油在提高血液抗氧化水平、共轭亚油酸(CLA)前体物t11-C18:1和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的含量方面具有促进作用。  相似文献   

12.
饲粮中添加燕麦干草对绵羊体外发酵的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为明确燕麦干草不同添加量对绵羊瘤胃体外发酵的影响,选用6头体况相似、体重 (70.24±2.03) kg且装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的杂种(美利奴♂×蒙古羊♀)公羊作为瘤胃液供体动物进行体外发酵试验,按粗饲料中燕麦干草和青贮玉米比例(干物质基础)将饲粮分为C1组(精料+100%玉米青贮),C2组(精料+50%玉米青贮+50%燕麦干草)和C3组(精料+100%燕麦干草)。饲粮精粗比为35∶65。结果表明:1)饲粮中加入燕麦干草显著提高了体外发酵的产气量和甲烷产量(P<0.05);2)饲粮中加入燕麦干草对体外培养液pH没有明显影响,但显著提高了培养液NH3-N浓度(P<0.05),未明显改变试羊瘤胃丙酸摩尔比,但TVFA浓度、乙酸、丁酸摩尔比以及乙酸/丙酸上升;3)燕麦干草的加入显著提高了绵羊瘤胃体外发酵的IVDMD和IVCPD,对饲粮中营养物质的降解有促进作用;4)多项指标综合指数以C2组最高,C1组最低。由此可知,在精料水平相同的条件下,燕麦干草与青贮玉米1∶1混合作为粗饲料能改善绵羊的瘤胃内环境,提高瘤胃发酵能力,得到最大组合效应。  相似文献   

13.
本试验旨在研究饲粮n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)比值对冬毛期北极狐生长性能、肝脏脂肪酸组成及肝脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(L-FABP)和脂肪酸转运蛋白(FATP)基因表达的影响。试验选取48只157日龄、平均体重为(5 658±47)g的健康雄性北极狐,随机分成4组,每组12个重复,每个重复1只。Ⅰ组饲粮中添加12.00%鱼油和2.00%豆油,n-6/n-3 PUFA比值为3.00;Ⅱ组饲粮中添加9.38%玉米油和4.62%豆油,n-6/n-3 PUFA比值为18.03;Ⅲ组饲粮中添加12.00%玉米油和2.00%豆油,n-6/n-3 PUFA比值为40.83;Ⅳ组饲粮中添加1.50%鱼油和12.50%玉米油,n-6/n-3 PUFA比值为136.36。各组饲粮除油脂组成和配比不同外,其他原料一致。预试期7 d,正试期40 d。结果表明:1)饲粮n-6/n-3 PUFA比值对冬毛期北极狐的平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)和料重比(F/G)有极显著影响(P0.01)。Ⅰ和Ⅳ组的ADG极显著高于Ⅱ和Ⅲ组(P0.01),Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅳ组的ADFI极显著高于Ⅲ组(P0.01),Ⅳ组的F/G极显著低于Ⅱ和Ⅲ组(P0.01)。2)饲粮n-6/n-3 PUFA比值对冬毛期北极狐肝脏单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)、PUFA、n-3 PUFA和n-6 PUFA的含量有显著或极显著影响(P0.05或P0.01),对肝脏饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量无显著影响(P0.05)。Ⅰ和Ⅳ组肝脏n-3 PUFA含量极显著高于Ⅱ和Ⅲ组(P0.01),Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肝脏n-6 PUFA含量极显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅳ组(P0.01)。3)饲粮n-6/n-3 PUFA比值对冬毛期北极狐肝脏L-FABP mRNA相对表达量无显著影响(P0.05),但极显著影响肝脏FATP mRNA相对表达量(P0.01)。Ⅰ和Ⅳ组肝脏FATP mRNA相对表达量极显著高于Ⅱ和Ⅲ组(P0.01)。由此可见,饲粮添加1.50%鱼油与12.50%玉米油的混合油脂,即饲粮n-6/n-3 PUFA比值为136.36时,上调了肝脏中FATP基因的表达,增加了肝脏长链脂肪酸的转运及利用效率,促进了冬毛期北极狐的生长。  相似文献   

14.
本试验旨在研究添加不同水平复合酶制剂对瘤胃发酵及奶牛生产性能的影响。试验一以奶牛全混合日粮作为底物进行体外瘤胃发酵试验,分为4组,即对照组不添加酶制剂,试验1、2和3组的酶制剂添加量分别为日粮浓度的0.10%、0.15%和0.20%,每组设9个重复。每个重复准确称取0.500 g底物,在体外发酵产气自动记录装置上发酵48 h,测定其发酵参数和营养物质降解率。结果表明:复合酶制剂显著提高发酵液中总挥发性脂肪酸和乙酸浓度(P<0.05);试验组中粗蛋白(P<0.05)和中性洗涤纤维(P<0.01)降解率显著高于对照组。试验二选择体重、胎次、泌乳天数和产奶量相近的泌乳早期荷斯坦奶牛36头,采用随机区组设计分为4组,即对照组和试验1、2和3组,对照组不添加酶制剂,试验1、2和3组分别添加0.10%、0.15%和0.20%的酶制剂,每组9个重复,试验期8周,测定产奶量和乳成分含量,计算3.5%乳脂校正乳。结果表明:复合酶制剂显著提高3.5%乳脂校正乳产量(P<0.05),0.10%、0.15%和0.20%组比对照组分别提高3.88、4.27和2.26 kg·d-1。0.15%组的乳脂率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),比对照组高12.7%。结论添加复合酶制剂有利于瘤胃发酵和提高生产性能,且添加量为0.15%时效果较好。  相似文献   

15.
Six Hereford steers (295 kg) cannulated in the proximal duodenum were used to evaluate the effects of forage and sunflower oil level on ruminal biohydrogenation (BH) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) outflow. Steers were fed one of six treatment diets in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (grass hay level: 12, 24, or 36% of DM; and sunflower oil level: 2 or 4% of DM) in a 6 x 6 Latin square design. The remainder of the diet was made up of steam rolled corn and protein/mineral supplement. Duodenal samples were collected for 4 d following 10-d diet adaptation periods. Data were analyzed with animal, period, forage level, sunflower oil level, and two-way interaction between forage and sunflower oil level in the model. Dry matter intake showed a quadratic response (P < 0.04), with an increase in DMI as forage level increased from 12 to 24% followed by a decrease in DMI when 36% forage was fed. Flow of fatty acids at the duodenum was higher (P < 0.03) for 4 vs. 2% sunflower oil diets, and similar among forage levels. Apparent ruminal digestibility of NDF increased in a linear manner (P < 0.04) as dietary forage level increased. Ruminal BH of dietary unsaturated 18-C fatty acids, oleic acid, and linoleic acid increased linearly (P < 0.05) as dietary forage level increased. Linoleic acid BH tended (P < 0.07) to be greater for 4 than 2% sunflower oil level. Duodenal flow of pentadecyclic, stearic, linolenic, and arachidic acids increased linearly (P < 0.05) as dietary forage level increased from 12 to 36%. Duodenal flow of linoleic acid decreased in a linear manner (P < 0.03) with increasing dietary forage level. Flow of trans-10 octadecenoate decreased linearly (P < 0.03) as dietary forage level increased, whereas trans-11 vaccenic acid flow to the duodenum increased (P < 0.01) linearly with increased dietary forage. Dietary forage or sunflower oil levels did not alter the outflow of cis-9, trans-11 CLA. Flows of cis-11, trans-13, and cis-9, cis-11 CLA increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increased dietary forage. Flows of cis-11, cis-13, and trans-11, trans-13 CLA decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with increased dietary forage. Increasing dietary forage levels from 12 to 36% in beef cattle finishing diets increased BH of unsaturated 18-C fatty acid and outflow of trans-11 vaccenic acid to duodenum without altering cis-9, trans-11 CLA outflow.  相似文献   

16.
本试验旨在通过体外产气法研究象草与皇竹草不同比例组合对山羊瘤胃降解率的影响,为南方粗饲料资源的科学应用提供理论依据和数据支持。试验将象草与皇竹草按干物质比为100∶0,75∶25,50∶50,25∶75,0∶100分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组,通过体外产气法培养4、8、12、24和48 h,每个时间点3个重复,培养结束后终止发酵并测定各时间点发酵液pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度、总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度和发酵滤渣的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量。结果表明:1)象草和皇竹草组合影响了瘤胃pH和NH3-N浓度,随皇竹草添加比例的增加,pH逐渐降低,显著低于单一象草组(P<0.05);NH3-N浓度呈先降低后升高的趋势(P>0.05),数值在正常变化范围内,有利于瘤胃发酵;随皇竹草比例的增加,瘤胃TVFA浓度逐渐增加,在发酵8~48 h组Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ显著高于单一象草组(P<0.05)。2)随皇竹草比例增加,DM、NDF和CP降解率增高,显著高于单一象草组(P<0.05),添加75%皇竹草组较其他组高,较为理想。3)象草和皇竹草组合产生了正组合效应,添加50%皇竹草组DM降解率组合效应达到最大值、NDF降解率组合效应均为正值;添加75%皇竹草组在发酵12 h NDF降解率组合效应达到最大值(P<0.05);在发酵4和48 h添加皇竹草组CP降解率组合效应为正。综合得出,象草和皇竹草组合能提高DM、NDF和CP降解率,产生正组合效应;象草和皇竹草以25∶75组合效果较好。  相似文献   

17.
本文旨在研究饱和脂肪酸对高温环境条件下泌乳中期奶牛产奶性能和牛奶中脂肪酸组成的影响.选择产后150～210 d的中国荷斯坦奶牛48头,根据产奶量、分娩时间和胎次分为对照组(SFA 0)、1.5%(SFA 1.5)和3.0%(SFA 3.0)饱和脂肪酸试验组.试验期间牛舍最小湿热指数(THI)在72以上.试验结果,日粮添加饱和脂肪酸提高4%乳脂校正产奶量(P＜0.05),SFA 1.5与SFA 3.0脂肪组之间差异不显著(P＞0.05).乳脂和总固形物含量,SFA 3.0组高于对照组(P＜0.05),SFA 1.5组与对照组和SFA 3.0组间差异均不显著(P＞0.05).乳蛋白、乳糖、乳尿素氮和乳中体细胞评分各组间差异均不显著(P＞0.05).日粮添加饱和脂肪酸的量对乳脂和乳总固形物呈线性增加(P＜0.05),对乳蛋白的含量呈二次曲线增加(P＜0.05).中链、长链、长链不饱和、总不饱和、t10c12CLA、总饱和脂肪酸、长链不饱和与总不饱和脂肪酸的比例各组间差异均不显著(P＞0.05).SFA 3.0组短链脂肪酸低于对照组(P＜0.01)和SFA1.5组(P＜0.05),SFA 1.5组与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05).日粮添加饱和脂肪酸呈线性降低乳中短链脂肪酸含量(P=0.03)和c9t11CLA含量(P＜0.01),SFA 0、SFA1.5和SFA 3.0组乳中c9t11CLA含量分别为0.72、0.64和0.55 g/100 g脂肪.结果表明,泌乳中期热应激奶牛日粮添加饱和脂肪酸可显著提高产奶量、乳脂率和乳中总固形物含量;对乳中脂肪酸组成无明显影响;c9t11CLA含量显著降低,但仍在正常范围之内.  相似文献   

18.
In vitro digestion and growth studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of level of soybean oil inclusion in forage-based diets. In Exp. 1, diets were bromegrass hay (H), bromegrass hay and corn-soybean meal supplement (C), C with 3% added soybean oil (O3), and C with 6% added soybean (O6). Diets containing supplements were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Treatment means were compared using a single-degree-of-freedom contrast (H vs C, O3, and O6) and orthogonal polynomial contrasts within diets C, O3, and O6. Diet H had the lowest (P = .0003) IVDMD and a linear decline (P = .0001) in IVDMD was observed from C to O6, but 24-h IVDMD disappearance was greatest (P = .001; quadratic) for O3. Total VFA increased from C to O3 and then decreased from O3 to O6 (quadratic; P = .001), and acetate:propionate ratio decreased linearly (P = .0001) from C to O6. Changes in long-chain fatty acids reflected biohydrogenation by ruminal microbes; however, only 18:3 was hydrogenated to the same extent across all diets. In Exp. 2, 36 Angus x Gelbvieh heifers (260.0 +/- 6.0 kg initial BW) were individually fed C, O3, or O6 as mixed rations for 104 d. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and provide ADG of .91 kg. Feed efficiency and ADG was greatest (P < .02; quadratic) for O3 heifers. Serum NEFA increased linearly (P = .02) and serum glucose (P = .02), cholesterol (P = .002), and GH (P = .04) showed a quadratic response to level of dietary soybean oil. Plasma proportions of 16:0, 16:1, 18:0, and 18:1 increased quadratically (P < .03), and 18:2 increased linearly (P < .001) from C to O6. In Exp. 3, 42 Angus x Gelbvieh heifers (288.7 +/- 6.6 kg initial BW) were divided into six pens (two pens/treatment) in a randomized complete block designed experiment. Rations were delivered as hay plus a top-dressed supplement (C, O3, or O6). Heifers fed O3 conceived 10 d earlier (quadratic; P = .06) than heifers fed C and O6. Other production estimates did not differ (P > or = .10) among dietary treatments. Inclusion of soybean oil at 3% of a forage-based diet increased total VFA, many blood metabolites, ADG, and feed efficiency, and it decreased time to conception. Adding soybean oil as 3% of a forage-based diet is an acceptable feeding strategy for developing beef heifers.  相似文献   

19.
The effects of dietary algal supplementation, a source of docosahexaenoic acid, on the fatty acid profile of rumen lipids in cattle were evaluated, with special emphasis on CLA and trans fatty acids produced by rumen microbes. A diet based on corn silage was fed with supplements containing the following: 1) no algal meal and fed at 2.1 kg of DM/d (control), 2) algal meal and fed at 1.1 kg of DM/d (low algal meal), 3) algal meal and fed at 2.1 kg of DM/d (medium algal meal), and 4) algal meal and fed at 4.2 kg of DM/d (high algal meal). A modified lipid extraction procedure was developed to analyze the lipid changes in rumen fluid. The percentage of stearic acid (18:0) in rumen fluid was decreased by algal meal supplementation (P < 0.001) compared with control and was linearly dependent on the level of algal meal supplementation (P = 0.005). Total trans-18:1 in rumen fluid of cattle fed the control diet was 19% of total fatty acids. Addition of algal meal increased (P < 0.001) total trans-18:1 up to 43%, mostly due to 18:1 trans-10 that increased (P = 0.002) to 29.5% of total rumen fatty acids. This increase in 18:1 trans-10 seems to suggest a change in the rumen microbial population. Vaccenic acid (18:1 trans-11) increased quadratically (P = 0.005) with increasing level of algal meal supplementation in the diets. The total CLA content was low in the control (<0.9%) and increased with dietary algal meal addition, although not significantly; the greatest level was 1.5% with the medium algal meal diet. The increase of rumenic acid (cis-9, trans-11 CLA) was quadratic (P = 0.05) with algal meal supplementation, whereas trans-10, cis-12 CLA increased linearly with increased level of algal meal from 0.08 to 0.13% (P = 0.03). The ratio of trans-11 (cis-9, trans-11 CLA + 18:1 trans-11) to trans-10 (trans-10, cis-12 CLA + 18:1 trans-10) decreased from 2.45 to 0.77, 0.87, and 0.21 for the control, low algal meal, medium algal meal, and high algal meal diets, respectively. The content of docosahexaenoic acid in rumen fluid increased (P = 0.002) from 0.3 to 1.4% of total fatty acids with increasing level of algal meal supplementation in the diets. Our results suggest that algal meal inhibits the reduction of trans-18:1 to 18:0, giving rise to the high trans-18:1 content. In conclusion, algal meal could be used to increase the concentration in rumen contents of trans-18:1 isomers that serve as precursors for CLA biosynthesis in the tissues of ruminants.  相似文献   

20.
Dietary supplementation of stearidonic acid (SDA; 18:4n-3) has been considered a possible strategy to increase n-3 unsaturated fatty acid content in ruminant products; however, little is known about its metabolism in the rumen. In vitro batch incubations were carried out with bovine ruminal digesta to investigate the metabolism of SDA and its biohydrogenation products. Incubation mixtures (4.5 mL) that contained 0 (control), 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, or 1.50 mg of SDA supplemented to 33 mg (DM basis) of commercial total mixed ration based on corn silage, for dairy cows, were incubated for 72 h at 39°C. The content of most fatty acids in whole freeze-dried cultures was affected by SDA supplementation. Branched-chain fatty acids decreased linearly (P < 0.01), and odd-chain fatty acids decreased quadratically (P < 0.01), particularly from 1.00 mg of SDA and above, whereas most C18 fatty acids increased linearly or quadratically (P ≤ 0.04). Stearidonic acid concentrations at 72 h of incubation were very small (<0.6% of total fatty acids and ≤0.9% of added SDA) in all treatments. The apparent biohydrogenation of SDA was extensive, but it was not affected by SDA concentration (P > 0.05). Biohydrogenation followed a pattern similar to that of other C18 unsaturated fatty acids up to 1.00 mg of SDA. Stearic acid (18:0) and vaccenic acid (18:1 trans-11) were the major fatty acids formed, with the latter increasing 9-fold in the 1.00 mg of SDA treatment. At greater inclusion rates, 18:0 and 18:1 trans isomers decreased (P ≤ 0.03), accompanied by increases in unidentified 18:3 and 18:4 isomers (P = 0.02), suggesting that the biohydrogenation pathway was inhibited. The present results clearly indicate that SDA was metabolized extensively, with numerous 18:4 and 18:3 products formed en route to further conversion to 18:2, 18:1 isomers, and 18:0.  相似文献   

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