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近年来,由炭疽菌引起的苹果炭疽病已成为阻碍苹果产业健康发展的重要病害之一。苹果与炭疽菌的互作研究有助于苹果炭疽病的科学防治和抗病育种。笔者从苹果炭疽病病菌的致病机制、苹果种质资源对炭疽菌的抗性表现和苹果对炭疽菌的抗病机制等方面对苹果与炭疽菌的互作研究进行系统综述,并对炭疽菌的致病机理和苹果抗病基因等研究前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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简要介绍了贵州省茶产业发展、茶树主要病害发生及防控现状,指出了贵州茶树病害控制中的短板问题,如茶树病害的种类调查不够系统,茶树病害与寄主植物互作机制的研究不够深入,茶树病害发生、流行和成灾机制研究不够完整,茶树病害综合控制技术的应用推广力度不足等。基于对贵州省茶树病害及控制情况的调查、总结和分析,提出了贵州省茶树病害的可持续控制的路径,未来要加大茶树病害的种类调查和普查力度,开展茶树病害与茶树寄主互作机制的研究,茶树病害的发生、流行和成灾机制研究,并推广以"生态调控为基础"的茶树病害可持续控制技术。 相似文献
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茶树是我国重要的经济作物, 而真菌病害是造成茶叶品质下降和经济损失的主要因素之一。因缺乏安全、有效、经济的绿色防控措施, 限制了我国茶产业的高质量发展。为破解我国茶树病害绿色防控的难题, 推动茶产业高质量发展, 本文概述了茶树叶部主要真菌病害的发生流行、病害病原的鉴定和致病机制的研究工作, 系统梳理了茶树健康栽培、病害免疫诱抗、生物防治和化学防治等技术的现状, 重点探讨了我国茶树真菌病害治理所面临的挑战, 并展望了我国茶树真菌病害绿色防控的对策和实现路径。 相似文献
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瓮安县为把地域优势转化为经济优势．使茶叶真正成为农民致富的支柱产业．茶树种植面积逐年扩大．年种植面积由2008年的1540hm2上升到2011年的5733hm2。随着茶叶生产的快速发展．茶树上的病虫害发生种类增多．为害加重．瓮安县发生较严重的茶苗茎枯病就是其中一种。2010—2011年瓮安县茶树茎枯病发生面积541．8hm2．病株率7．9％～32．8％．严重影响茶叶生产的发展。为了找出相应的防控对策．保证茶叶生产安全,笔者对茶苗茎枯病的发生和为害进行了调查和防治．并取得了较好的效果。 相似文献
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茶叶是重要的经济作物之一,茶叶的产量与品质是衡量茶叶好与坏的一个重要标准。茶树是常绿植物,叶部病害种类较多,尤其是近几年茶饼病对茶树的为害较为严重。该病害使茶叶产量降低,品质明显下降。江南茶区、华南茶区、西南茶区和江北茶区均有发生,以西南云、贵、川三省茶区发病最重。 相似文献
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由辣椒胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides导致的辣椒炭疽病是辣椒生产上最为严重的真菌病害之一。本文以辣椒胶孢炭疽菌CSLL11为供试菌株,采用PEG-CaCl_2介导的原生质体转化法,将含有潮霉素B抗性基因和eGFP表达基因的DNA片段成功转入辣椒胶孢炭疽菌的原生质体中,获得了稳定表达绿色荧光的转化子,从而成功建立了辣椒胶孢炭疽菌的遗传转化体系。试验结果表明,可有效筛选阳性转化子的潮霉素B浓度为500 mg/L;PCR及Southern blot结果显示,eGFP表达基因已单拷贝整合至辣椒胶孢炭疽菌转化子的基因组中;使用荧光显微镜观察第一代及继代培养后的转化子,菌丝与分生孢子均表现出强烈的绿色荧光信号,说明GFP能在转化子中稳定遗传;将转化子与野生型菌株相比,菌落形态、生长速率及致病力水平无明显差异。本研究建立了辣椒胶孢炭疽菌遗传转化体系并获得了稳定表达绿色荧光蛋白的转化子,对辣椒炭疽菌与寄主互作的研究及病害防治具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Chili anthracnose is caused by Colletotrichum species mostly associated with the acutatum, truncatum and gloeosporioides complexes. Since 2009 the Colletotrichum taxonomy has been extensively revised based on multigene phylogenetics, which has had a large impact on the number of species known to cause anthracnose disease of chili. This review discusses (i) the taxonomy of Colletotrichum spp. infecting chili, and (ii) the impact of Colletotrichum pathotypes on breeding for resistance to anthracnose. To date, 24 Colletotrichum species have been identified as pathogens of chili anthracnose, with the three main pathogens being C. scovillei, C. truncatum and C. siamense. Identification of several pathotypes within these three Colletotrichum species, particularly pathotypes that can overcome resistance in the related Capsicum species, Ca. chinense and Ca. baccatum, will be of major concern to plant breeders as they develop resistant chili genotypes from the transfer of resistance genes from these Capsicum species into Ca. annuum. Accurate identification of the Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose and improved understanding of the biology of the Colletotrichum species and their interaction with the host will enable the application of improved integrated disease management techniques. 相似文献
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Kei Sugawara Ayako Matsudate Yoko Ito Tsuneo Namai 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(2):163-166
Leaf spots were found on Christmas rose (Helleborus niger) in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan, in October 2006. The morphology of the causal fungus was very close to that of Colletotrichum truncatum. Classifying the species from the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions of ribosomal DNA was inconclusive,
and the isolates were identified only as Colletotrichum sp. Artificial inoculation confirmed the pathogenicity of isolates to the host plant and some legumes. We propose the name
anthracnose of Christmas rose for this disease by Colletotrichum sp. 相似文献
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Emily R. Grace Mojgan Rabiey Ville-Petri Friman Robert W. Jackson 《Plant pathology》2021,70(9):1987-2004
Trees and woody plants can be attacked by many pests and pathogens either individually or as polymicrobial infections. In particular, infections caused by tree-specific bacterial pathogens have become more common during the last decade, causing serious concern for important tree and woody plant species in horticulture, urban environments, and forests. For example, Xylella and Pseudomonas bacteria are causing significant economic and ecological devastation throughout Europe in olive, cherry, and other stone fruits, mainly because of lack of efficient control methods and the emergence of bacterial resistance to traditional antimicrobial compounds such as copper and antibiotics. Hence, there is an urgent need for innovative approaches to tackle bacterial plant diseases. One way to achieve this could be through the application of biological control, which offers a more environmentally friendly and targeted approach for pathogen management. This review will explore recent advances in use of pathogen-specific viruses, bacteriophages (or phages), for the biocontrol of bacterial tree diseases. Phages are an important component of plant microbiomes and are increasingly studied in plant pathogen control due to their highly specific host ranges and ability to selectively kill only the target pathogenic bacteria. However, their use still poses several challenges and limitations, especially in terms of managing the bacterial diseases of long-lived trees. A particular insight will be given into phage research focusing on controlling Pseudomonas syringae pathovars, Erwinia amylovora, Xanthomonas species, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Recent milestones, current challenges, and future avenues for phage therapy in the management of tree diseases are discussed. 相似文献
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Masayuki Nakamura Masahiro Ohzono Hisashi Iwai Kei Arai 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(4):253-256
A Colletotrichum sp. was isolated from water-soaked lesions on sansevieria (Sansevieria trifasciata Prain cv. Laurentii) in Japan. Classifying the species only from the morphology of the fungus was difficult; therefore, host
range was tested and the ribosomal DNA ITS2 region was phylogenetically analyzed. The fungus was pathogenic only on sansevieria
among 20 test plants belonging to 11 families. In a phylogenetic analysis with the neighbor-joining method, the two isolates
used formed a single-isolate clade. The fungus is thus proposed to be a new species, Colletotrichum sansevieriae. This report is the first of anthracnose on sansevieria. 相似文献
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S. M. Salazar A. P. Castagnaro M. E. Arias N. Chalfoun U. Tonello J. C. Díaz Ricci 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,117(2):109-122
In the strawberry crop area of Tucumán (north-west Argentina) the three species of Colletotrichum causing anthracnose disease (C. acutatum, C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides) were detected. Among all isolates characterized, one of them identified as C. acutatum (M11) and another as C. fragariae (F7) were selected due to their conspicuous interaction with the strawberry cultivar Pájaro. Whereas isolate M11 produced
a strong compatible interaction in cv. Pájaro with clear disease symptoms (DSR = 5.0), the isolate F7 brought about a typical
incompatible interaction (DSR = 1.0). When plants of cv. Pájaro were inoculated with F7 prior to the inoculation with M11,
the former avirulent strain prevented the growth of the latter virulent pathogen. Experimental evidence indicated that the
time elapsed between the first inoculation with the avirulent pathogen and the second inoculation with the virulent one was
crucial to inhibit the growth of the latter. The growth of F7 on the plant without provoking damage and the fact that there
was no in vitro antagonistic effect between the pathogens, suggests that the avirulent strain triggers a plant defensive response against
M11. The defense response was further confirmed by the detection of an early oxidative burst occurring within 4 h after the
first inoculation and by the observation of anatomical changes associated with defense mechanisms that lasted 50 days after
the inoculation with F7. Results obtained support the hypothesis that the plant resistance against the virulent strain M11
is elicited by one or more diffusible(s) compound(s) produced by the avirulent strain F7. 相似文献
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Angeles Aroca Francesc García-Figueres Lilian Bracamonte Jordi Luque Rosa Raposo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,115(2):195-202
Grapevine trunk disease pathogens, and specifically Petri disease pathogens, can be spread by planting infected plants. Due to the increasing incidence of Petri disease and other young grapevine declines reported lately in Spain, a sampling of plants used before for new vineyards were carried out in 2002 and 2004. A total number of 208 plants (grafted and non grafted) were collected, of which 94 plants (45.2%) were infected with at least one of the following pathogens: Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, and species of Phaeoacremonium, Botryosphaeria, Cylindrocarpon, and Phomopsis. Species of the genera Phaeoacremonium and Botryosphaeria isolated in 2004 were identified using morphological and molecular characters. Species of Phaeoacremonium identified were P. aleophilum and P. parasiticum; and those of Botryosphaeria were B. obtusa, B. dothidea and B. parva. This is the first report of P. parasiticum and B. parva occurring on grapevines in Spain. Distribution of pathogens within the plants was studied in 2004. Phaeomoniella chlamydospora was not detected in the graft union of any plant; however, species of Botryosphaeria and Phomopsis were detected along the plant, but mainly in the graft union; Phaeoacremonium aleophilum was detected along the grafted plants, but not in rooted rootstocks. The results suggest that infected plants used for new plantings in Spain are an important source of primary inoculum of the pathogens associated with grapevine trunk diseases in the field. 相似文献
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Acquired resistance triggered by elicitins in tobacco and other plants 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
Philippe Bonnet Eva Bourdon Michel Ponchet Jean -Pierre Blein Pierre Ricci 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1996,102(2):181-192
Elicitins are a family of proteins excreted byPhytophthora spp. They exhibit high sequence homology but large net charge differences. They induce necrosis in tobacco plants which then become resistant to the tobacco pathogenPhytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae. In stem-treated plants, resistance was not restricted to the site of elicitin application, but could be demonstrated by petiole inoculation at all levels on the stem. Resistance was already maximum after two days and lasted for at least two weeks. It was effective not only towardsP. p. var.nicotianae infection, but also against the unrelated pathogenSclerotinia sclerotiorum. In contrast to dichloroisonicotinic acid, an artificial inducer of systemic acquired resistance, which was increasingly effective with doses ranging from 0.25 to 5mole per plant, the basic elicitin cryptogein exhibited a threshold effect, inducing near total resistance and extensive leaf necrosis above 0.1 nmole per plant. Between 1 and 5 nmole, acidic elicitins (capsicein and parasiticein) protected tobacco plants with hardly any necrotic symptom. Elicitins exhibited similar effects in various tobacco cultivars andNicotiana species, although with quantitative differences, but induced neither necrosis nor protection in other SolanaceÆ (tomato, petunia and pepper). Among 24 additional species tested belonging to 18 botanical families, only some BrassicaceÆ, noticeably rape, exhibited symptoms in response to elicitins, in a cultivar-specific manner. Elicitins appear to be natural specific triggers for systemic acquired resistance and provide a tool for unraveling the mechanisms leading to its establishment.Abbreviations AR
acquired resistance
- HR
hypersensitive response
- INA
2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid
- Ppn
Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae
- SAR
systemic acquired resistance 相似文献
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Carlos Garrido María Carbú Francisco Javier Fernández-Acero Giles Budge Inmaculada Vallejo Alison Colyer Jesús M. Cantoral 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,120(4):409-415
Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp., is a major disease of cultivated strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa. This study identifies the Colletotrichum spp. which causes strawberry anthracnose in the southwest of Spain. A survey of the region was carried out, and the strains
isolated were identified as C. acutatum by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with genus and species-specific primers, demonstrating that this species is
currently the causal agent of strawberry anthracnose in the studied region. The pathogenicity of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides strains was evaluated on two principal strawberry cultivars (cvs Camarosa and Ventana) under field conditions, the latter
being more pathogenic than the former. 相似文献
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Maria G. O. Soares Eduardo Alves Amanda L. Silveira Fernanda D. Pereira Sarah S. C. Guimarães 《Plant pathology》2021,70(1):154-166
Anthracnose caused by species of Colletotrichum is considered one of the main postharvest diseases for avocado. In this study, Colletotrichum isolates associated with avocado anthracnose, collected in different states of Brazil, were evaluated through phylogenetic analysis, morphological characterization, and pathogenicity assays. Moreover, the events during pathogen infection of avocados were examined by scanning electron microscopy. To assess the genetic diversity of 54 Colletotrichum isolates, partial sequence analysis of the gene gapdh was performed. According to the generated groupings and the geographical origins of isolates, a subset of 14 strains was selected for performing multilocus phylogeny analysis (using sequences of gapdh, act, tub2, and ApMat). Two species previously described were identified: C. siamense belonging to the C. gloeosporioides species complex and Colletotrichum karstii belonging to the C. boninense species complex. All Colletotrichum strains evaluated caused typical symptoms of anthracnose in avocado fruits. Conidia of the most virulent strain germinated between 6 and 12 hr after inoculation (hai). Penetration through wounds occurred 48 hai, tissue colonization occurred between 144 and 240 hai, and sporulation took place at 240 hai via the production of an acervulus, conidiophores, and conidia. The findings shed light on the aetiology of avocado anthracnose in Brazil and provide a better understanding of the infection process of this pathogen, which may assist in the development of disease management strategies. 相似文献
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Barley yellow dwarf (BYD) is one of the main viral diseases of small-grain cereals. This disease, reported on numerous plant
species of the Poaceae family, is caused by a complex of eight viral species including the species Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV), frequently found in western Europe. Resistance sources against BYDV-PAV are scarce and only identified in perennial
Triticineae. Some BYDV-resistant wheat lines have been obtained by introgressing these resistances into bread wheat germplasms. Genetic
and biological characterization of the resulting lines has been undertaken. However, little information on the resistant behaviour
of these lines during the early stages of the infection process is available. To evaluate the resistance of two genetically
distinct resistant lines (Zhong ZH and TC14), 1740 young plantlets, belonging to susceptible reference hosts (barley cv. Express and wheat cv. Sunstar), Zhong ZH or TC14 wheat lines, were inoculated in controlled conditions with French BYDV-PAV isolates. The infection process was monitored
during the first 21 days after inoculation (DAI) using a semi-quantitative ELISA. A standardized protocol including five successive
samplings of leaves from all inoculated plants and the collection of plant roots at the end of the monitored period was carried
out. This protocol enabled an assessment of the infection percentage and the evolution of the viral load in plants from the
7th DAI to the 21st DAI. Statistical analyses of the BYDV infection kinetics using raw ELISA data, a model of the time-dependent
variation of the percentage of infected plants and the area under concentration progress curves (AUCPC) demonstrated that
Zhong ZH and TC14 lines (1) reduce the development rate of the BYD disease during the first days of infection, (2) decrease the infection efficiency
of BYDV-PAV isolates, in the leaves, from 98.7% for susceptible plant genotypes to 81.9% and 71.7% for Zhong ZH and TC14, respectively, (3) reduce the virus load in the leaves of infected plants and (4) are not spared from BYDV infection, as
95.1% of Zhong ZH and 90.2% of TC14 inoculated plants accumulated viral particles in roots and/or in leaves at 21 DAI. These results confirm the BYDV-partial
resistant behaviour of both Zhong ZH and TC14 lines. The development rate of the disease was the single parameter that allowed the distinction between the two resistant
sources present in the tested lines. 相似文献