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The endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica protects wheat from fusarium crown rot disease in simulated UK autumn conditions 
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下载免费PDF全文 The root endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica (Sebacinacea) forms mutualistic symbioses with a broad range of host plants, increasing their biomass production and resistance to fungal pathogens. This study evaluated the effect of P. indica on fusarium crown rot disease of wheat, under in vitro and glasshouse conditions. Interaction of P. indica and Fusarium isolates under axenic culture conditions indicated no direct antagonistic activity of P. indica against Fusarium isolates. Seedlings of wheat were inoculated with P. indica and pathogenic Fusarium culmorum or F. graminearum and grown in sterilized soil‐free medium or in a non‐sterilized mix of soil and sand. Fusarium alone reduced emergence and led to visible browning and reduced root growth. Roots of seedlings in pots inoculated with both Fusarium isolates and P. indica were free of visible symptoms; seed emergence and root biomass were equivalent to the uninoculated. DNA was quantified by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The ratio of FusariumDNA to wheat DNA rose rapidly in the plants inoculated with Fusarium alone; isolates and species were not significantly different. Piriformospora indica inoculation reduced the ratio of Fusarium to host DNA in the root systems. The reduction increased with time. The ratio of P. indica to wheat DNA initially rose but then declined in root systems without Fusarium. With Fusarium, the ratio rose throughout the experiment. The absolute amount of FusariumDNA in root systems increased in the absence of P. indica but was static in plants co‐inoculated with P. indica. 相似文献
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Emily R. Grace Mojgan Rabiey Ville-Petri Friman Robert W. Jackson 《Plant pathology》2021,70(9):1987-2004
Trees and woody plants can be attacked by many pests and pathogens either individually or as polymicrobial infections. In particular, infections caused by tree-specific bacterial pathogens have become more common during the last decade, causing serious concern for important tree and woody plant species in horticulture, urban environments, and forests. For example, Xylella and Pseudomonas bacteria are causing significant economic and ecological devastation throughout Europe in olive, cherry, and other stone fruits, mainly because of lack of efficient control methods and the emergence of bacterial resistance to traditional antimicrobial compounds such as copper and antibiotics. Hence, there is an urgent need for innovative approaches to tackle bacterial plant diseases. One way to achieve this could be through the application of biological control, which offers a more environmentally friendly and targeted approach for pathogen management. This review will explore recent advances in use of pathogen-specific viruses, bacteriophages (or phages), for the biocontrol of bacterial tree diseases. Phages are an important component of plant microbiomes and are increasingly studied in plant pathogen control due to their highly specific host ranges and ability to selectively kill only the target pathogenic bacteria. However, their use still poses several challenges and limitations, especially in terms of managing the bacterial diseases of long-lived trees. A particular insight will be given into phage research focusing on controlling Pseudomonas syringae pathovars, Erwinia amylovora, Xanthomonas species, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Recent milestones, current challenges, and future avenues for phage therapy in the management of tree diseases are discussed. 相似文献
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Suzy V. Wood Norbert Maczey Amanda F. Currie Alyssa J. Lowry Mojgan Rabiey Carol A. Ellison Robert W. Jackson Alan C. Gange 《Weed Research》2021,61(1):35-44
The annual plant Impatiens glandulifera (Himalayan balsam) is the most widespread invasive non‐native weed in the British Isles. Manual control is widely used, but is costly and laborious. Recently, biological control using the rust fungus Puccinia komarovii var. glanduliferae has been trialled. We designed an experiment to assess the impact of these control methods on invertebrate communities in relation to unmanaged and uninvaded habitats, and to determine whether mycorrhizal inoculation aided post‐control recovery of these communities. Sixty invaded and twenty uninvaded field soil blocks were transplanted to the experiment site, where a mycorrhizal inoculum was added to half of all blocks. Biological and mechanical control treatments were applied to twenty invaded blocks independently; the twenty remaining invaded blocks were left intact. Above‐ and belowground invertebrate samples were collected from the blocks at the end of the growing season. Overall, aboveground invertebrate abundance increased with the removal of I. glandulifera, and several groups showed signs of recovery within one growing season. The effect of mechanical control was more variable in belowground invertebrates. Biological control did not affect aboveground invertebrate abundance but resulted in large increases in populations of belowground Collembola. Our experiment demonstrates that mechanical removal of I. glandulifera can cause rapid increases in invertebrate abundance and that its biological control with P. komarovii var. glanduliferae also has the potential to benefit native invertebrate communities. 相似文献
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Azari O Babaei H Derakhshanfar A Nematollahi-Mahani SN Poursahebi R Moshrefi M 《Veterinary research communications》2011,35(4):211-222
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of transplanted Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) of caprine
umbilical cord on cutaneous wound healing process in goat. After collection of caprine pregnant uterus of mixed breed goats
from abattoir, the Wharton’s jelly (WJ) of umbilical cord was harvested. The tissues were minced in ventilated flasks and
explant culture method was used for separating mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The isolated cells were immunostained for Actin
protein, histochemically assayed for the presence of alkaline phosphatase activity, and analyzed for detection of matrix receptors
(CD44) and hematopoetic lineage markers (CD34), using flow cytometery. After The isolated cells, 3 × 106 MSCs were stained with BrdU and prepared for transplantation to each wound. Four 3-cm linear full thickness skin incisions
were made on both sides of thoracic vertebrate of four Raeini goats (two wounds on each side). The left wounds were implanted
with MSCs in 0.6 ml of Phosphate buffer saline (PBS), and the right wounds considered as control group that received 0.6 ml
of PBS. The samples were taken from the wounds 7 and 12 days after the wounding, and healing process was compared histologically
between the two groups. Anti-BrdU staining showed that the transplanted cells were still alive in the wound bed during the
study. The histopathological study revealed that re-epithelialization was complete at days 7 in treated wounds with WJMSCs,
whereas in control wound the wounds still showed incomplete epithelialization 12 days after wounding. Also, microscopic evaluation
showed less inflammation, thinner granulation tissue formation with minimum scar in the treated wounds in comparison with
control wounds. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the beneficial effect of caprine WJMSCs in cutaneous wound healing
in goat. 相似文献
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Copper and quaternary ammonium compound distributions across lumber and amounts of available or soluble components were measured in coated and uncoated alkaline copper quat-treated southern pine lumber. Lumber that was not exposed to weathering had slightly higher copper retention near the surface and a steeper quat gradient. After 3?years of natural weathering, copper and quat leachings were significantly reduced by the coatings and leaching rates were low, even though the coatings were failing. The amounts of soluble copper were significantly reduced after weathering, even after accounting for the copper leached during the exposure. The relative amount of soluble monoethanolamine (Mea) remaining after weathering was low compared with copper. This reduction in soluble amine in the wood was most likely responsible for the reduced amounts of available copper. The reduced quat leaching from coated samples is attributed to the extended effectiveness of the coatings in the earlywood. 相似文献
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David B. Collinge Dan Funck Jensen Mojgan Rabiey Sabrina Sarrocco Michael W. Shaw Richard H. Shaw 《Plant pathology》2022,71(5):1024-1047
The global sustainability agenda is increasing the demand for reduction in inputs into agricultural production while maintaining profitable yield of quality products. Plant diseases are a major constraint for both yield and product quality, but often tools for their control are ineffective or lacking. Biological control using antagonistic microorganisms has long been a subject of research resulting in a wide range of products that are now available and marketed in specific territories around the world. These preparations are often niche products with narrow uses. The research effort is intense both to develop new biological control agents (BCAs) and to obtain knowledge of the mechanisms underlying biological disease control. The prospects for biological control are promising. As a minimum, BCAs supplement other sustainable disease management practices such as disease resistance, and present opportunities for controlling diseases for which other approaches are ineffective or unavailable. We can realistically expect increasing use of BCAs to control crop diseases in ways that will benefit the environment. This review paper arose from a webinar held by the British Society for Plant Pathology as part of the International Year of Plant Heath (IYPH2020), at which many of the 300 participants posed or discussed interesting questions. This review is based on that input and the panel members at the webinar are all included as co-authors in this review. 相似文献
8.
Seyed Fakhreddin Hosseini Mojgan Zandi Farhid Farahmand Ghavi 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(6):835-842
ABSTRACTIn the present study, the effect of fish gelatin coating (FG; 4%, w/v) containing oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) essential oil (OEO; 1.2% w/v) on shelf-life extension of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillet stored under refrigerated storage (4 ± 1ºC) was investigated. The control and the treated fish samples were analyzed periodically for chemical (pH; total volatile basic nitrogen, TVB-N; peroxide value, PV; thiobarbituric acid, TBA) and microbiological (total viable count, TVC; psychrotrophic count) characteristics. The FG + OEO treatment produced significantly lower (p < 0.05) TVB-N values as compared to control and FG-coated samples after Day 6 and until the end of the storage period. The TBA values remained low and were found to fluctuate during storage. Results showed that TVC exceeded 6 log CFU g?1 on Day 8 of storage for control and FG-coated samples and Day 12 for samples coated with FG + OEO. The reduction of 1.05 and 0.83 log CFU g?1 of psychrotrophic counts was achieved by FG + OEO coating in trout fillet (p < 0.05) as compared with control and FG-coated samples, respectively. Therefore, the incorporation of OEO into FG coating may be a promising method of maintaining the storage quality of the rainbow trout fillet stored at refrigerated temperature. 相似文献
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Dick Sandberg Mojgan Vasiri Johann Trischler Micael Öhman 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2014,29(4):352-359
The forest and forest products form one of the most important basis for the transfer to a bio-based economy in Sweden. About 75% of the area covered by forest in Sweden is used industrially to produce raw material for the wood-refining industries. Every year, this cluster uses 75 million m3 of roundwood and has an export value of €12 billion. This review paper is devoted to the wood mechanical industry, i.e. the industry which turns the forest into sawn timber, packaging, construction wood, furniture and interior fittings. The sawmills consume about half of the volume of softwood which is felled, and about two-thirds of the sawn timber go to export without any further refining within the country. Nevertheless, in spite of the relatively low degree of refinement in the sawmill and the fact that the sawmills in general over time have a very low profitability, they are responsible for 70–80% of the forest owners' profits on the sale of timber. An increased upgrading of the sawn timber within the country is desirable from a national economic viewpoint – increased employment opportunities, increased export income, etc. It should then in the first place be for products with a higher added value, such as furniture and fittings. Today, the refinement value is 15–20 times higher for products from joinery and furniture industries compared to that of the sawn timber, and the added value of the wood within the building industry is only about 1.5 times. 相似文献