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1.
氟他胺对萼花臂尾轮虫的毒性影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用两天种群增长和生命表,研究了不同浓度氟他胺对萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)的毒性影响。结果显示:轮虫种群增长率与氟他胺浓度对数负相关。氟他胺对萼花臂尾轮虫种群增长率的半效应浓度(EC50)、最低可见效应浓度(LOEC)和无可见效应浓度(NOEC)分别为4.31、3.17和1.59 mg/L。氟他胺对萼花臂尾轮虫的内禀增长率和世代时间有显著的影响(P<0.05);内禀增长率随氟他胺浓度升高而下降,其中1.59 mg/L和3.17 mg/L氟他胺浓度组内禀增长率分别比对照组降低了8.98%和17.95%(P<0.05),其无效应浓度为0.8 mg/L;而3.17 mg/L浓度组的世代时间显著延长(P<0.05)。实验结果表明内禀增长率是检测氟他胺对萼花臂尾轮虫毒性最敏感的指标。 相似文献
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萼花臂尾轮虫室内规模培养技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
萼花臂尾轮虫具有生长快、繁殖力强、营养丰富等特点,是水产苗种开食和早期培育阶段的优良饵料,可以在淡水中培养。结合轮虫室内高密度培养特点及自身实践经验,对萼花臂尾轮虫室内规模培养技术作简要总结。 相似文献
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Cd2 对萼花臂尾轮虫24 h和48 h的LC50分别是1.488 mg/L和0.526 mg/L.在Cd2 存在的条件下,其对萼花臂尾轮虫的存活率、繁殖率、净生殖率和内禀增长率有显著的抑制作用,混交百分率和休眠卵数量则明显增加. 相似文献
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轮虫是浮游生物的重要组成部分,广泛分布于淡水、半咸水和海水水域中。萼花臂尾轮虫隶属臂尾轮虫科、臂尾轮虫属,为淡水轮虫,俗称灰水,系池塘、湖泊、江河中常见的浮游动物, 相似文献
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通过对尾突臂尾轮虫、裂足臂尾轮虫、剪形臂尾轮虫、方形臂尾轮虫、红臂尾轮虫、镰形臂尾轮虫、矩形臂尾轮虫和十指臂尾轮虫8种臂尾轮虫的ND4和ND5基因序列进行扩增、测序,结合Gen Bank数据库中的褶皱臂尾轮虫、萼花臂尾轮虫、转轮虫和旋轮虫的ND4和ND5基因序列,使用MEGA6.0软件构建这12种轮虫系统发生树(NJ树、ME树、UPGMA树),探讨了8种臂尾轮虫之间的系统关系。结果显示,本研究所涉及的轮虫ND4和ND5基因序列差异百分比均值为40.3%,可作为分子标记应用于轮虫属内种间系统关系研究;系统树所显示亲缘关系与形态学研究基本一致,均支持将十指臂尾轮虫、裂足臂尾轮虫归入臂尾轮属。 相似文献
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一株亚硝酸盐降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为获得高效降解亚硝酸盐菌,从鄱阳湖水域筛选出1株新型反硝化细菌,命名为X10。本实验对菌株进行16S rDNA基因序列分析,构建系统发育树并结合生化指标对该菌株进行鉴定;研究了亚硝酸盐浓度、pH值、温度、接种量对其生长及脱氮能力的影响,以及菌株对养殖水体中亚硝酸盐氮的降解能力。结果显示,X10鉴定为木糖氧化无色杆菌;温度30 ℃、pH 7.0、接种量3%,经48 h培养后菌株对筛选培养基中亚硝酸盐(浓度300 mg/L)的降解率最高,达99.8%;将该菌液(2×108 CFU/mL)按1%的接种量加入人工养殖池塘水中(亚硝酸盐质量浓度为0.45 mg/L,pH为6.7),28 ℃水温下经96 h后亚硝酸盐降解率达82.6%;安全性评价实验显示,X10菌落周围无溶血现象,并且高浓度菌液(5×108 CFU/mL)对斑马鱼无致死作用。研究表明X10在水产养殖中具有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
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2008年12月～2009年9月,分4个季节月采样,研究了一座热带城市型水库——深圳铁岗水库的浮游动物群落结构。共鉴定出浮游动物73种,均为热带、亚热带或广温性种类。轮虫的种类数和数量在各采样点和各次采样中均居首位。淡水筒壳虫（Tintinnidium fluviatile）、长肢多肢轮虫（Polyarthra dolichoptera）、角突臂尾轮虫（Brachionus angularis）、镰状臂尾轮虫（B.falcatus）、前节晶囊轮虫（Asplanchna priodonta）、萼花臂尾轮虫（B.calyciflorus）和桡足类（Copepodities）幼体是4季中最主要的优势种（类群）。聚类分析和标系排序分析显示,铁岗水库浮游动物群落结构存在空间分布差异。九围和料坑库湾浮游动物群落结构4个季节均在一组,萼花臂尾轮虫、尾突臂尾轮虫（B.caudatus）和矩形龟甲轮虫（Keratella quadrata）主要分布于该组,镰状臂尾轮虫主要分布于西丽入水口,剪形臂尾轮虫（B.forficula）和腹足腹尾轮虫（Gastropus hyptopus）主要分布于库中央。浮游动物密度、优势种（类群）组成、群落多样性指数结果分析表明,铁岗水库的水质已受到人类活动的影响,其中又以九围库湾和料坑库湾较严重。 相似文献
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本研究采用96 h静态水试验法研究硫酸锌和三氯异氰尿酸对褶皱臂尾轮虫、海洋尾丝虫和黄色伪角毛虫的急性毒性。试验结果表明,硫酸锌对褶皱臂尾轮虫、海洋尾丝虫和黄色伪角毛虫24 h半致死质量浓度分别为4.499、1.946 mg/L和221.135 mg/L;硫酸锌对海洋尾丝虫和黄色伪角毛虫12 h半致死质量浓度分别为2.896 mg/L和334.808 mg/L;三氯异氰尿酸对褶皱臂尾轮虫、海洋尾丝虫和黄色伪角毛虫24 h半致死质量浓度分别为0.412、0.167 mg/L和1.255 mg/L,三氯异氰尿酸对海洋尾丝虫和黄色伪角毛虫12 h半致死质量浓度分别为0.519 mg/L和3.044 mg/L。褶皱臂尾轮虫、海洋尾丝虫和黄色伪角毛虫对硫酸锌和三氯异氰尿酸的耐受性顺序均为黄色伪角毛虫>褶皱臂尾轮虫>海洋尾丝虫。 相似文献
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Jinhui Liu Yongqin Zhang Yurong Luo Han Zhao Wenbin Liu Yamei Xiao 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2020,51(1):287-298
Red carp and red crucian carp are ornamental fish with a red body color. Unlike in red crucian carp, no melanophores are observed in red carp embryos or larvae. To explore the roles of the mitfa gene in body color formation in red carp, we investigated the structural characteristics and physicochemical properties of the mitfa gene in 16 kinds of fish. The mitfa amino acid sequence similarity between red carp and red crucian carp was 95.6%, and this was 91.5% similar between carp and zebrafish. Compared with red crucian carp, red carp showed lower tyrp1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression but similar mitfa mRNA expression in the body pigment stage of the embryo. Moreover, mitfa+ cells as well as melanocytes could be observed in cultured embryo cells derived from red carp and red crucian carp. Our data show that the absence of melanophores in red carp is not the result of mitfa gene deletion or mutation, increasing our understanding of the molecular and genetic mechanisms of coloration in cyprinid fish. 相似文献
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Qin Zhang Beiping Tan Kangsen Mai Wenbing Zhang Hongming Ma Qinghui Ai Xiaojie Wang Zhiguo Liufu 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(7):943-952
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of oral administration of probiotics (Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis) in combination with prebiotic isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO) on the intestinal microflora and immunological parameters of Penaeus japonicus and its resistence against Vibrio alginolyticus. A basal diet was supplemented with 0% probiotics and prebiotic (control), 108 colony forming unit (CFU) g?1B. licheniformis and 0.2% IMO (T1), 108 CFU g?1B. subtilis and 0.2% IMO (T2), 108 CFU g?1B. licheniformis in combination with 108 CFU g?1B. subtilis and 0.2% IMO (T3). The results showed that the total bacterial counts significantly increased (P<0.05) and Vibrio counts significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the intestine of shrimp with supplementation of dietary synbiotics. Shrimp fed the diet with both Bacillus probiotics and IMO (T3) produced significantly higher immune parameters (phenoloxidase activity, lysozyme activity and nitric oxide synthase activity and superoxide dismutase activity) than the control group (P<0.05). Significant lower cumulative mortality after challenge with V. alginolyticus was also observed in shrimp fed diet with both Bacillus probiotics and IMO (T3) than that in the control group (P<0.05). The results indicated that the oral administration of probiotics (B. licheniformis and B. subtilis) and prebiotic IMO has positive effects on bacterial flora in P. japonicus gut, and can activate non‐specific immunity of shrimp. 相似文献
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Zhi-xin Wu Su-feng Pang Xiao-xuan Chen Yan-mei Yu Jin-min Zhou Xi Chen Li-jiao Pang 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2013,39(2):181-190
The effect of dietary intake of Coriolus versicolor Polysaccharides (CVP) on the hematological and biochemical indices of Allogynogenetic crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) was investigated. Fish were fed CVP supplemented diets (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 4.0 g CVP kg?1) for 56 days. The RBC, WBC counts, hemoglobin content, ESR in blood and TP, ALT, AST, ALP, GLU, CHO, TG, and BUN in serum were measured on day 0, 14, 28, 42, and 56. After feeding of 56 days, fish were infected with Aeromonas hydrophila and mortalities were recorded. The results indicated that feeding crucian carp with suitable dose of CVP enhanced the RBC, WBC counts, hemoglobin and TP content, ALP activity, and decreased the ESR, ALT, AST, GLU, CHO, TG and BUN. There was no effect in fish at low dose (0.25 g kg?1). Unexpectedly, the higher CVP dose used here (2.0 and 4.0 g kg?1) has a negative effect in fish. The results of challenge experiment indicated that a moderate level of CVP in the diet (1.0 g kg?1) was the most effective to enhance the survival of fish after infected with A. hydrophila. In summary, the use of CVP, as dietary supplements, can improve the innate defense of crucian carp providing resistance to pathogens. 相似文献
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The effect of dietary probiotics (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Enterococcus faecium) was assessed on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) previously treated with oxolinic acid. After feeding on supplemented diets for 10 weeks growth performance, feed utilization, gastrointestinal colonization and health status were assessed. B. subtilis + B. licheniformis fed fish displayed a significant improvement of feed conversation ration (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER). High levels of probiotic species were observed in the posterior gastrointestinal tract as transient digesta associated populations and potentially resident mucosal populations. Levels of Bacillus spp. reached log 3.74 CFU g?1 on the mucosal epithelium and log 7.41 CFU g?1 in the digesta of fish fed diets supplemented with B. subtilis and B. licheniformis. Enterococci levels reached log 2.84 CFU g?1 on the mucosa and log 7.78 CFU g?1 in the digesta of fish fed E. faecium supplemented diets. Feeding trout the Bacillus probionts alone or synergistically with E. faecium resulted in elevated leucocyte levels. The results of the current study demonstrate a potential role of probiotics for stabilizing/reinforcing the gastrointestinal microbiota after antibiotic treatment. This could reinvigorate the intestinal defensive barrier mechanism and provide protection against secondary potential pathogens. 相似文献
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A 6‐month trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary cottonseed meal (CSM) and free gossypol (FG) on allogynogenetic silver crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio♀ × Cyprinus carpio♂ with 4 replicates of each treatment. Isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated with the 0 g kg?1 (control), 200 g kg?1, 400 g kg?1, and 560 g kg?1 CSM. Diets with FG were made by supplementing batches of control diet with 214 mg kg?1, 428 mg kg?1, and 642 mg kg?1. Weight gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio increased significantly up to an inclusion level of CSM of 400 g kg?1 in the diet, with a significant decrease in food conversion ratio. Further increase in CSM to 560 g kg?1 did not cause further changes in fish performance. Free gossypol did not affect fish performance significantly at any inclusion level. Neither CSM nor FG caused significant effects in any of the other evaluated parameters such as whole body composition, haemoglobin concentration, activities of serum lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and histology of hepatic tissues and midgut. Our results suggested that crucian carp can tolerate at least 642 mg kg?1 FG and that it is safe to including 400 g kg?1 CSM in crucian carp feed. 相似文献
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Effect of treatment with probiotics as water additives on tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) growth performance and immune response 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A feeding trial was conducted for 40 days to delineate the effect of treatment with probiotics as water additives on tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) growth performance and immune response. About 360 juveniles were randomly distributed into four treatment groups, each with three replicates. Different probiotics (T-1, Bacillus subtilis B10; T-2, Bacillus coagulans B16; T-3, Rhodopseudomonas palustris G06) were added to the water of tanks at final concentration of 1 × 107 cfu ml?1 every 2 days, with no probiotic added to control tanks. At the end of the feeding trial, fish treated with B. coagulans B16 (T-2) and R. palustris G06 (T-3) had significantly (P < 0.05) higher final weight, daily weight gain, and specific growth rate compared with those treated with B. subtilis B10 (T-1) and those without probiotics (control). The highest (P < 0.05) content of total serum protein was found in T-2 compared with that in T-1, T-3, and the control. However, albumin concentration and albumin/globulin ratio were not affected by the probiotics treatments. Compared with the control, probiotic supplementation remarkably improved activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase (P < 0.05). T-2 fish exhibited higher average myeloperoxidase activity than the control, T-1, and T-3 groups. Regarding serum lysozyme content in tilapia, assays showed no difference (P > 0.05) among the treatment groups. Furthermore, probiotics treatments remarkably increased respiratory burst activity compared with control, with T-2 showing higher values than T-1 and T-3. This indicated that treatment with probiotics, B. coagulans B16 and R. palustris G06, as water additives could be used to enhance immune and health status, thereby improving growth performance of O. niloticus. 相似文献
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Ilaria de Meo Kjartan Østbye Kimmo K. Kahilainen Brian Hayden Marius Magnus Antonio B. S. Poléo 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2023,32(1):10-22
Generalist fish species can feed on a wide resource spectrum and across trophic levels depending on resource availability and trophic interactions. Crucian carp (Carassius carassius) represents a good candidate species to investigate variation in the trophic ecology of generalist fish as it can be found in highly variable fish communities and its resource use is well documented. In this study, we explored the trophic ecology of crucian carp at the individual and population levels using stable isotope and gut content analysis. We tested if trophic resource use varied according to lake productivity, predation risk, intra- and interspecific competition, or individual fish size. We found that crucian carp resource preference was highly variable among and within lakes. In predator-free lakes, small crucian carp occurred in high densities, showed increased interindividual specialisation, and relied mainly on pelagic zooplankton. In presence of predators, large crucian carp occurred in low densities and included greater proportions of benthic macroinvertebrates in their diet. This shift in resource use was further favoured in productive, shallow lakes where littoral prey were probably abundant. Resource partitioning was an important factor determining crucian carp niche use, as fish had higher trophic position in absence of other cyprinids. Crucian carp showed highly dynamic resource use and food preferences in response to variable environmental conditions. Overlooking complex diet preferences of generalist fish may lead to an oversimplification of freshwater community dynamics. 相似文献
19.
Gang Yang Hongzhong Cao Wenhao Jiang Baoqing Hu Shaoqing Jian Chungen Wen Kimia Kajbaf Vikas Kumar Zhiying Tao Mo Peng 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(8):2207-2217
This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Bacillus cereus as probiotics on growth, fillet quality, serum biochemical parameters and intestinal histology of Pengze crucian carp (Carassius auratus var. Pengze). Fish were fed basic diet (Control group) and three diets such as CD7, CD9 and CD11 supplemented with B. cereus at dose of 107, 109 and 1011 CFU/kg for 70 days. The results showed that supplementation of 109 CFU/kg B. cereus significantly improved the growth performance compared to that in the Control group. The textures of muscle were improved by dietary supplementation of probiotics, and the hardness, gumminess, chewiness and the resilience of fish fillet increased with increasing dose of B. cereus. Total cholesterol including high‐density lipoprotein and low‐density lipoprotein level in serum decreased correspondingly with increasing level of probiotics whereas, acid phosphatase and catalase activities increased in serum. B. cereus supplementation enhanced the immunity and antioxidant capacity via an increase in acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, glutathione peroxidase, reduce glutathione, and catalase, accompanied by a significant reduction in malondialdehyde. Higher intestinal fold height was observed in CD9 group than other groups. The lowest enterocyte height was exhibited in the Control group, HE values increased with increasing dose of probiotics. Moreover, dietary inclusion of B. cereus significantly affected the digestive enzymes activities in terms of higher lipase and trypase activities. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of B. cereus could promote the growth, elevate the immunity and antioxidant status of carp, and importantly improve the texture of fish fillet. 相似文献
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The effect of sulfide on K+ influx pathways was measured in red blood cells (RBCs) of sulfide-sensitive rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and sulfide-tolerant crucian carp (Carassius carassius). In trout RBCs, maximal inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase was attained at 10 mol l–1 sulfide and amounted to 32% without being influenced by pH between 6.7 and 8.3. Ouabain-resistant K+ influx in the absence and presence of sulfide was insignificant at pH values between 6.7 and 7.7. At higher pH values ouabain-resistant K+ influx increased, but was inhibited to about 15% by 30 mol l–1 sulfide. In RBCs of crucian carp neither Na+, K+-ATPase nor ouabain-resistant K+ influx were affected by sulfide concentrations up to 850 mol l–1. Differences in sulfide-sensitivity of K+ influx between both species can be based upon different properties of the membrane transporter themselves. The reduced Na+, K+-ATPase activity in trout RBCs may also result from a slightly reduced (by 9%) ATP level after sulfide exposure. In addition, intracellular sulfide concentrations were higher in trout RBCs as compared to crucian carp. In trout, intracellular sulfide concentrations reached extracellular levels within 5 min of incubation whereas sulfide concentrations in crucian carp RBCs remained about 2-fold lower than extracellular concentrations. Although the physiological basis of sulfide-insensitive K+ influx in crucian carp RBCs is currently unknown it may contribute to the extremely high sulfide-tolerance of this species. 相似文献