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1.
通过8周的养殖试验,评估了饲料中添加甜菜碱对军曹鱼（Rachycentron canadum）生长、体营养成分、血清生化指标和肝脏中酶活性的影响。共设计6种饲料,甜菜碱添加水平分别为0、0．05％、0．10％、0．20％、0．30％和0．40％。结果显示,添加水平为0．05％时增重率（WG）和特定生长率（SGR）最高,肝脏组织状况最好,全鱼和肌肉中蛋白质质量分数最高;添加水平超过0．20％时肥满度（cF）随甜菜碱添加量的上升而下降。各添加组的肝体比（HSI）均显著低于对照组且全鱼和肝脏中（0．10％添加组除外）的脂肪质量分数均低于对照组;血清指标中各添加组的血清甘油三酯（TG）浓度均高于对照组,但随着添加量的提高有先升后降的趋势;肝脏中谷丙转氨酶（GPT）的活性显著低于对照组。由此可见,饲料中添加适量的甜菜碱可以促进军曹鱼的生长,具有一定的降脂作用,利于脂肪代谢。 相似文献
2.
饲料中添加胆汁酸对军曹鱼生长及体组成的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在4组等氮等能的军曹鱼（Rachycentron canadum）实用饲料中分别添加不同梯度水平的胆汁酸（0,0.015%,0.030%和0.045%）,连续投喂初始体质量为（5.4±0.12）g的军曹鱼8周后,通过测定军曹鱼增重率（WGR,%）、特定生长率（SGR,%）和饲料系数（FCR）,并进行肝脏成分分析和血清分析,比较各组军曹鱼生长和体组成的影响。结果表明,添加水平为0.03%组的增重率高于对照组和0.015%添加组,饲料系数低于上述2组;军曹鱼血清胆固醇和肝脏脂肪的质量分数均与饲料中胆汁酸质量分数呈负相关;4组的成活率、特定生长率、全鱼和肌肉灰分、水分质量分数没有显著性差异。由此可见,饲料中添加胆汁酸能够促进军曹鱼的生长,并能降低脂肪在军曹鱼体内中的沉积。 相似文献
3.
研究了光合细菌对尖吻鲈（Latescal carifer）的生长、消化酶及血清免疫酶活性的影响。把浓度为8×10^8cfu·mL^-1的荚膜红假单胞菌（Rhodopseudomonas capsulate）的液体制剂分别以0．0％（对照组）、0．5％、1．0％和1．5％的比例添加到饲料中,投喂初始体质量为（10．95±0．25）g的尖吻鲈50d。鱼的增重率、特定生长率、成活率及饲料系数在组间均没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）。肝蛋白酶、肠淀粉酶及胃淀粉酶在1．0％组显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;肠蛋白酶在1．5％组显著低于1．0％组（P〈0．05）,但试验组与对照组间没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）;幽门垂的消化酶在1．5％组显著高于其他各组（P〈0．05）。血清碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、过氧化物酶（POD）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性在组间均没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结果表明,该株光合细菌对尖吻鲈的生长及非特异性免疫力没有显著影响,但在1．5％组能显著促进其幽门垂消化酶的活性,在1．0％组显著促进肝蛋白酶及肠和胃淀粉酶的活性。 相似文献
4.
设计9组试验组,测定饲料中添加不同浓度的复方中草药以及不同的投喂策略对凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）生长、消化酶及非特异性免疫功能的影响,饲料组分别为DO、D2、D4（连续投喂对照组、0．2％中草药组、0．4％中草药组）、1D2—1DO、1I）4—1DO（1周0．2％、0．4％中草药饲料。1周对照饲料）、1D2-2D0、1IM-2D0（1周0．2％、0．4％中草药饲料-2周对照饲料）、1D2—3D0、1D4—3130（1周0．2％、0．4％中草药饲料-3周对照饲料）。结果表明,D2组和1IM-2D0组的增重率显著高于D0组;D2组饵料系数显著低于D0组;D4组的成活率显著低于D0组和1D4—1DO组;DO组的肝胰腺蛋白酶活性和血淋巴总蛋白（TP）质量浓度低于其他各组,而血淋巴谷草转氨酶（AST）和谷丙转氨酶（ALT）含量显著高于其他组;超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和碱性磷酸酶活性（AKP）以1D4—1DO组最高,过氧化物酶（POD）活性则以DO组最高。因此,连续投喂0．2％中草药饲料以及1周0．4％中草药饲料-2周对照饲料的策略可以使凡纳滨对虾获得较好的生长性能和免疫机能。 相似文献
5.
为探究不同质量浓度的低聚木糖调控鲤鱼免疫力及生长性能的机理,以450尾平均体质量（4．93±0．03）g的健康鲤鱼为对象,研究饲料中添加低聚木糖对鲤鱼生长性能和免疫指标的影响。以不加低聚木糖的基础饲料为对照组,试验组为分别在基础饲料中添加0．1％低聚木糖组、0．2％低聚木糖组、0．4％低聚木糖组和0．6％低聚木糖组。试验结果表明,低聚木糖可提高鲤鱼血清溶菌酶活性,但对补体旁路途径溶血活性无影响,0．6％低聚木糖组的血清溶菌酶活性显著高于对照组（P＜0．05）。对于头肾的5种免疫相关基因,低聚木糖可上调白细胞介素-1β和白细胞介素-10的基因表达,下调诱导型一氧化氮合酶和肿瘤坏死因子-α的基因表达,而对转化生长因子-β的基因表达无影响。与对照组相比,0．2％低聚木糖组、0．6％低聚木糖组的白细胞介素-1β与0．2％低聚木糖组的白细胞介素-10表达量均显著升高,所有试验组的诱导型一氧化氮合酶和肿瘤坏死因子-α的表达量均显著下降（P＜0．05）。生长性能试验结果显示,试验组鲤鱼的生长性能指标均高于对照组,其中0．6％低聚木糖组与对照组差异显著（P＜0．05）。 相似文献
6.
军曹鱼幼鱼日粮锌最适添加量的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在以卵白蛋白为蛋白源的基础饲料（Zn含量为5．65mg／kg）中添加10、20、30、40、50mg／kg以ZnSO4为Zn源的Zn，使饲料中总Zn含量为15．97、25．66、33．90、45．85、55．88mg／kg。投喂军曹鱼幼鱼8周。试验结果表明，基础饲料组鱼出现生长不良、厌食、皮肤糜烂和白内障等症状，其成活率、增重率、血清碱性磷酸酶活性（AKP）显著低于添加Zn组（P〈0．05），骨骼、肌肉、血清和肝脏Zn含量也表现出相同趋势。10mg／kg和20mg／kgZn添加量组鱼仍出现缺Zn症状，各项测定指标随Zn添加量的增加而增大。当饲料中Zn添加量达到30mg／kg时，各项指标趋向稳定，与添加量40mg／kg和50mg／kg组无显著差异。以增重率和骨骼Zn含量为主要评价指标，通过回归分析表明，以ZnSO4为Zn源时，军曹鱼幼鱼日粮Zn的最适添加量为42．86mg／kg。 相似文献
7.
采用单因子实验设计方法,进行了饲料中添加维生素E对美国红鱼生长（存活率、特定生长率和饲料效率）和非特异性免疫相关指标（血清中溶菌酶活性、血清总补体活性和超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）活性）影响的研究,设计了5个不同维生素E水平（0．1、25．3、51．0、102．8和203．2mg／kg）的等氮等能饲料,对美国红鱼进行为期56d的生长实验,每个水平3个重复,每个养殖单元放养初始体重为151g左右的美国红鱼20尾。饲养实验在海水网箱（1．5m×1．0m×1．0m）中进行。结果表明,随着饲料维生素E含量增加,美国红鱼饲料效率、特定生长率和成活率显著提高,美国红鱼最佳生长性能的饲料维生素E添加量为102．8mg／kg;美国红鱼血清溶菌酶和血清总补体活性随着维生素E的添加量的增加而显著升高,并且维生素E的添加量达到最高值102．8和25．3mg／kg,随后变化不明显;美国红鱼血清SOD活性随维生素E添加量的增加而显著升高,并且含量在102．8mg／kg达到最高值,随后显著下降。综上所述,美国红鱼维生素E的适宜添加量为102．8mg／kg。 相似文献
8.
微生物制剂对中华鲟生长、消化酶及非特异性免疫酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在水温15．8～18．6℃下,研究了EM菌液对体质量（13．85±1．44）g中华鲟（Acipenser sinensis）生长、消化酶和非特异性免疫酶活性的影响。实验鱼随机分为对照组和试验组,每组3个重复,每个重复20尾,饲养在室内直径1m、高0．7m的圆形玻纤缸中,分别投喂基础饲料和含EM菌（5．0×10^9 CFU·kg-1饲料）的试验饲料。90d的饲养表明,试验组中华鲟的生长指标均大于对照组,其中增重率及特定增重率显著大于对照组（P〈0．05）;试验组鱼淀粉酶、脂肪酶及胃蛋白酶活性均大于对照组,其中试验组肝、胃中淀粉酶活性比对照组高46％和79％、脂肪酶活性高52％和246％,肠、胃中蛋白酶活性比对照组高54％和48％,均呈显著差异（P〈0．05）。试验组鱼肝中过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均显著大于对照组（P〈0．05）,分别提高了29％、33％和34％,脾中除POD外,其他酶活性与肝中相同,但试验组鱼肝、脾中MDA含量比对照组分别小了47％和44％,呈显著性差异（P〈0．05）,溶菌酶活性无明显变化（P〉0．05）。由此得出,在饲料中添加EM菌液可提高子中华鲟的消化酶及非特异性免疫酶的活性,促进生长。 相似文献
9.
为了探究饲料中添加复合益生菌对中华鳖（Trionys sinensis）生长及血液生化指标的影响,在体重为（227．47±14．42）g 的中华鳖基础饲料中分别添加复合益生菌0 mg／kg（对照组Ⅰ）、500 mg／kg（试验组Ⅱ）、1000 mg／kg （试验组Ⅲ）和2000 mg／kg（试验组Ⅳ）;试验共分4组,每组3个重复,在（30±2）℃温室中进行,投喂140 d。结果表明,各试验组均能显著提高中华鳖增重率、特定生长率和存活率（P ＜0．05）,降低饵料系数（P ＜0．05）,且Ⅲ组增重率、特定生长率和存活率最高,饵料系数最低,增重率比Ⅰ组提高了29．25％;各试验组均能显著提高中华鳖脂肪酶、淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活力（P ＜0．05）,当添加量为2000 mg／kg 时,淀粉酶活力有所下降（P ＜0．05）;与对照组相比,各试验组均能显著降低血清中总胆固醇、尿素氮水平和谷丙转氨酶活力（P ＜0．05）,提高甘油三酯含量（P ＜0．05）,而血清中总蛋白、球蛋白、白蛋白、血糖、丙二醛含量和谷草转氨酶活力差异不显著（P ＞0．05）;各试验组均能显著提高血清中溶菌酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活力（P ＜0．05）,但过量添加（2000 mg／kg）会降低其活力（P ＞0．05）。在基础饲料中适量添加复合益生菌能促进中华鳖的生长、降低饵料系数、提高肠道消化酶活性,同时还具有提高非特异性免疫和抗氧化功能,最适添加量为 1000～2000 mg／kg。 相似文献
10.
在水温（25±2）℃下,分别在基础饲料中添加不同剂量的硬葡聚糖（0．2％,G1组;0．4％,G2组）绿原酸（0．04％,G3组;0．08％,G4组）和金丝桃素（0．066％,G5组;0．132％,G6组）,连续投喂放在1．0m×0．5m×1．0m网箱内、体质量110±5g的草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）幼鱼35d,以未添加者为对照组,探讨三种添加剂对草鱼幼鱼生长和免疫功能的影响。结果表明,三种添加济对草鱼幼鱼增重率和特定生长率均影响不显著,当饲料中添加0．08％的绿原酸时,草鱼幼鱼末体质量和肝体比显著增加（P〈0．05）;三种添加剂都可显著提高碱性磷酸酶活性,其中以添加0．08％的绿原酸效果最好,添加剂各组间碱性磷酸酶活性差异不显著（P〉0．05）;0．132％金丝桃素组的草鱼血清超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于对照组,其它试验组与对照组差异不显著;饲料中添加0．2％硬葡聚糖可显著提高草鱼幼鱼血清溶菌酶含量（P〈0．05）;三种添加剂对草鱼幼鱼血清中丙二醛的含量影响不显著（P〉0．05）。 相似文献
11.
Renato A Santos Adalto Bianchini Marianna B Jorge Luis A Romano Luís A Sampaio Marcelo B Tesser 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(4):728-735
The effects of NaCl supplementation (0.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% dry weight of a basal diet) on growth, gill histological alterations and osmoregulation of juvenile cobia reared in low‐salinity water (5 g L?1) were assessed. At the end of the experiment, gills were sampled for Na+, K+‐ATPase activity determination and histological evaluation. In all treatments, no mortality was observed. Results showed that dietary NaCl supplementation did not alter growth. At the highest supplementations (7.5% and 10.0%), juvenile cobia showed higher feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Na+, K+‐ATPase activity was higher in fish fed the diet without salt supplementation than in those fed with NaCl‐supplemented diets. The number of chloride cells significantly increased with increasing dietary salt level, being 2.5‐fold higher in fish fed with 10.0% NaCl supplementation (41 cells mm?2) than in those from the non‐supplemented fed group (16 cells mm?2). These findings indicate that dietary salt supplementation stimulated chloride cell proliferation paralleled with a reduction in the gill Na+, K+‐ATPase activity, suggesting a possible decrease in energy consumption associated with osmoregulation. However, the suggested energy sparing did not have a significant impact on juvenile cobia growth. 相似文献
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13.
Qi-Cun Zhou Zao-He Wu Shu-Yan Chi Qi-Hui Yang 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,273(4):634-640
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to quantify the dietary lysine requirement of juvenile cobia with an initial average weight of 1.25 g reared in indoor flow-through and aerated aquaria. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic practical diets (44% CP and 16% lipid) containing six levels of dietary lysine ranging from 1.15 to 3.25% (dry weight) at about 0.4% increments, using fish meal and wheat gluten as sources of intact protein, supplemented with crystalline amino acids. Equal amino acid nitrogen was maintained by replacing lysine with nonessential amino acid mixture. Each diet was randomly assigned to three aquaria and was fed to apparent satiation by hand four times daily. The results indicated that there were significantly differences in growth performance and feed utilization among the treatments. Maximum weight gain, special growth rate and protein efficiency ratio occurred at 2.38% dietary lysine; but with the increase of dietary lysine from 2.38 to 3.25%, weight gain, special growth rate and protein efficiency ratio did not significantly increase. The hepatosomatic index, viscerosomatic index, condition factor, crude protein content in whole body and main composition in muscle were significantly affected by dietary lysine levels; however moisture, lipid and ash content in whole body were not significantly affected by the dietary lysine. There were significant differences in total serum protein, glucose and triacyglycerol concentrations in fish fed diets with different dietary lysine levels. Haematocrit and leukocyte count were significantly affected by dietary lysine level, but hemoglobin and red blood cell count were not significantly affected. Lysine concentration in serum was significantly increased with the increase of dietary lysine level from 1.15 to 2.38%. Broken-line analysis on the basis of special growth rate showed that the dietary lysine requirement of juvenile cobia was 2.33% of dry diet (5.30% dietary protein). 相似文献
14.
Bundit Yuangsoi Rungkan Klahan Siripavee Charoenwattanasak Shi-Mei Lin 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2018,30(3):227-237
An eight-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the supplementation of pineapple waste extract (PWE) at levels of 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% on growth performance of Nile tilapia (8.76 ± 0.17 g) for 8 weeks. PWE supplementation improved pepsin digestibility significantly but not protein digestibility. Thus, fish fed PWE showed better growth than those fed the control feed. The fish fed the feed supplemented with 1% PWE resulted in the optimum protein digestibility, growth, and feed utilization (P < 0.05). No significant differences among dietary treatments were found for free ammonia and total nitrogen excretion (P > 0.05). 相似文献
15.
以等边金藻3011为饵料,采用室内流水法,在12、20和24℃3个温度和不同的壳长、饵料浓度下,测定并计算了温度、壳长和饵料浓度与菲律宾蛤仔摄食率的关系,并建立了相关数学模型。结果显示,在实验条件范围内,摄食率随着饵料浓度的增大而增大,且符合幂函数方程。摄食率可以用温度、壳长和饵料浓度的自然对数方程表示,其模型为：IR=21．2LnT＋20．06LnL＋7．10LnC-97．95,经协方差分析结果表明,其相关系数呈非常显著水平。 相似文献
16.
Amalia Sutriana Roshada Hashim Mst. Nahid Akter Siti Azizah Mohd Nor 《Fisheries Science》2018,84(3):523-533
The effects of galactooligosaccharide (GOS) and a combination of yeast and β-glucan (YβG) supplementation of dietary soybean meal (SBM) on the growth and digestive performance of striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus were evaluated. Four isonitrogenous (30% protein) and isocaloric (19 MJ/kg diet) diets were formulated to contain 100% fish meal (FM) protein, 55% FM protein/45% SBM protein, FM-SBM supplemented with 1% GOS, and a combination of 1% yeast and 0.1% β-glucan, respectively. Each diet was fed for 12 weeks to three groups of 30 striped catfish fingerlings (average weight 16.45?±?0.07 g) maintained in circular fiberglass tanks (600 l). Growth, feed utilization, and muscle protein composition of fish improved significantly after supplementation with either GOS or YβG compared to the unsupplemented SBM diet, but were similar to those of fish fed the FM diet. Nutrient digestibility, digestive enzyme activities, villi and microvilli length were significantly increased in fish fed the supplemented SBM diets. The gut microbiota ranking profile showed that supplementing the SBM diet with YβG and GOS gave a ranking of Verrucomicrobia, Spirochaetes, Bacteriodetes, and Actinobacteria phyla similar to that of the FM diet. Thus, diet containing 45% protein from soybean supplemented with either GOS or YβG can be recommended to improve the growth and digestive performance of striped catfish. 相似文献