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猪戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)是导致猪戊型肝炎(HE)的病原体,现在很多国家和地区,如美国、日本、欧洲、中国、中国台湾、印度等都检测出了猪戊型肝炎病毒的抗体,少数国家和地区还有人感染猪戊型肝炎病毒的报道,越来越多的证据表明猪HE是一种人兽共患的传染病。 相似文献
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猪群HEV血清抗体调查及一株新的猪HEV ORF2部分基因序列分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)主要引起人的戊型肝炎,新近研究发现猪在病毒传播中可能发挥重要作用.本研究对我国部分省区HEV感染血清学调查,在被检的1 138份血清中,有666份(57.5%)为HEV抗体阳性,猪群抗体阳性率随着月龄增长而升高.通过RT-PCR方法从一份猪粪中扩增并克隆了HEVORF2 N端主要抗原决定区339bp基因片段,序列分析显示,该段基因与我国人群HEV基因4型毒株核苷酸序列同源性为85.9%,但氨基酸序列完全一致.这一结果提示我国猪群存在广泛的HEV感染,并在一定程度上与人群HEV毒株密切相关. 相似文献
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戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)过去曾被认为是一种经肠道传播的非甲-非乙型肝炎病毒,1983年Balagan等应用免疫电镜技术从一名志愿受试者粪便中观察到直径为27～30nm的病毒样颗粒,从而证实该病毒为新型的非甲非乙型肝炎病毒,对人类健康具有严重危害性[1].1989年Reyes[2]等应用分子克隆技术得到了该病毒的基因克隆,同年东京国际会议正式将这一类型的肝炎及其相关病毒分别命名为戊型肝炎和戊型肝炎病毒(HEV).戊型肝炎在亚洲、非洲和美洲等发展中国家人群中发生比较普遍,在一些地区可占到急性病毒性肝炎的50%,是导致发病和病死的重要因素,尤其对孕妇可造成有20%以上的病死率[3].1986～1988年在我国新疆的爆发流行,造成了20多万人的发病,孕妇的平均死亡率为13.46%.戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)主要经粪便-口传播,在人群中可以通过饮用HEV污染的水引起暴发流行.近年来许多国家都对戊肝进行了调查和研究,加强了对戊型肝炎的预防控制,同时对戊型肝炎的疫苗也进行了探索,随着不同地区HEV基因的成功克隆,全世界对戊型肝炎的研究取得了突破性的进展.…… 相似文献
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戊型肝炎是由戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E Virus,HEV)引起的急性病毒性肝炎,主要经肠道传播,临床表现与甲型肝炎类似,主要流行于亚洲、非洲和中关洲的发展中国家.急性肝损坏和散发急性肝炎病例中50%以上由戊型肝炎引起.这使戊型肝炎成为一个重要的公共卫生问题.随着猪HEV的发现,禽HEV于2001年由美国的Meng博士领导的研究室发现和鉴定.在过去的几年里,我们与Meng博士研究室合作对禽HEV结构蛋白(ORF2)的B细胞抗原表位做了较系统的研究,鉴定出两个中和抗原表位,证明了禽HEV ORF2基因重组抗原免疫后能够产生中和抗体并可以防止禽HEV的感染.我们同时阐明了在禽HEV ORF2抗原内至少有一个禽HEV特异的抗原表位,一个人、猪和禽HEV三种病毒共有的抗原表位,至少有一个禽、人HEV共有的抗原表位.这些研究结果表明禽HEV ORF2蛋白的抗原表位可以作为有效的免疫诊断抗原,用来鉴别人和禽HEV感染.我们最近对健康人群HEV血清抗体检测结果表明抗禽HEV ORF2抗体阳性率约为1%,其中约4.5%的人群血清中含抗人HEV抗体.在对鸭群的血清学检测证明健康鸭群的抗禽HEV ORF2抗体阳性率约为20%.这些研究结果提示人可能被禽HEV感染. 相似文献
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湖南地区猪戊型肝炎流行病学调查研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解湖南地区猪戊型肝炎感染情况,同时掌握该地区猪感染戊型肝炎病毒的基因型,以便进一步探讨猪戊型肝炎病毒在猪不同组织中的含量分布及组织损伤,采用ELISA技术检测猪血中抗-HEV特异性抗体水平,并用RT—nPCR检测猪粪便中HEVRNA和进行RNA核苷酸序列分析。结果表明,猪血中HEV抗体阳性率为84.3％;猪粪便样品中HEVRNA阳性率为28．9％。所得5株HEV的ORF2部分核苷酸序列与戊型肝炎病毒Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型的同源性分别为80．7％～84．O％、78．7％。80．7％、77．3％～82．7％和86．7％～90．7％,其中与Chi-xinjiang株同源性为83.3％～84．0％,与Chi—ⅣT1亚型的同源性为87．7％～90．7％。湖南地区猪戊型肝炎感染率比较高,且戊型肝炎病毒的基因型属Ⅳ型。 相似文献
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戊型肝炎病毒研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
戊型肝炎(hepatitis E,HE)是由戊型肝炎病毒(hepatitis Evirus,HEV)引起的一种经肠道传播的非甲-非乙型肝炎(ET-NANBH)。戊型肝炎是一种人兽共患病,已成为我国的一个重要公共卫生问题。猪、牛、羊、鸡、狗等动物可能作为戊型肝炎的贮存宿主,在人类病毒性肝炎流行病学中具有重要的地位。本文从戊肝的病原学、基因型、病毒分子生物学、诊断方法、感染动物、流行病学等多方面探讨戊型肝炎的危害及研究现状。 相似文献
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X.J. Meng 《Veterinary microbiology》2010,140(3-4):256-265
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a small, non-enveloped, single-strand, positive-sense RNA virus of approximately 7.2 kb in size. HEV is classified in the family Hepeviridae consisting of four recognized major genotypes that infect humans and other animals. Genotypes 1 and 2 HEV are restricted to humans and often associated with large outbreaks and epidemics in developing countries with poor sanitation conditions, whereas genotypes 3 and 4 HEV infect humans, pigs and other animal species and are responsible for sporadic cases of hepatitis E in both developing and industrialized countries. The avian HEV associated with Hepatitis-Splenomegaly syndrome in chickens is genetically and antigenically related to mammalian HEV, and likely represents a new genus in the family. There exist three open reading frames in HEV genome: ORF1 encodes non-structural proteins, ORF2 encodes the capsid protein, and the ORF3 encodes a small phosphoprotein. ORF2 and ORF3 are translated from a single bicistronic mRNA, and overlap each other but neither overlaps ORF1. Due to the lack of an efficient cell culture system and a practical animal model for HEV, the mechanisms of HEV replication and pathogenesis are poorly understood. The recent identification and characterization of animal strains of HEV from pigs and chickens and the demonstrated ability of cross-species infection by these animal strains raise potential public health concerns for zoonotic HEV transmission. It has been shown that the genotypes 3 and 4 HEV strains from pigs can infect humans, and vice versa. Accumulating evidence indicated that hepatitis E is a zoonotic disease, and swine and perhaps other animal species are reservoirs for HEV. A vaccine against HEV is not yet available. 相似文献
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Hepatitis E viruses in humans and animals 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Goens SD Perdue ML 《Animal health research reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases》2004,5(2):145-156
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging pathogen belonging to a newly recognized family of RNA viruses (Hepeviridae). HEV is an important enterically transmitted human pathogen with a worldwide distribution. It can cause sporadic cases as well as large epidemics of acute hepatitis. Epidemics are primarily waterborne in areas where water supplies are contaminated with HEV of human origin. There is increasing evidence, however, that many animal species are infected with an antigenically similar virus. A recently isolated swine virus is the best candidate for causing a zoonotic form of hepatitis E. The virus is serologically cross-reactive with human HEV and genetically very similar, and the human and swine strains seem to be cross-infective. Very recent evidence has also shown that swine HEV, and possibly a deer strain of HEV, can be transmitted to humans by consumption of contaminated meat. In this review, we discuss the prevalence, pathogenicity, diagnosis and control of human HEV, swine HEV, the related avian HEV and HEV in other hosts and potential reservoirs. 相似文献
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Martín M Segalés J Huang FF Guenette DK Mateu E de Deus N Meng XJ 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,122(1-2):16-24
The aim of the study was to determine the presence of swine hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA and antibodies in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome-affected (n=114) and non-affected (n=46) pigs and the possible association with hepatitis lesions. Forty-four pigs were RT-PCR positive (28.2%); 25 of them were PMWS cases, while 19 were non-PMWS pigs. In both groups, HEV RT-PCR results were associated with hepatitis (OR=5.61 for PMWS-affected pigs and OR=5.17 for non-PMWS affected pigs; p=0.01). No interaction was detected in a logistic regression between PMWS occurrence and HEV infection for the development of hepatitis lesions. Seropositivity to HEV was more likely to occur in pigs with hepatitis (51.9%) compared to pigs without hepatitis (36.1%; p=0.03). Significant differences in optical densities were notices comparing the lesional stage of pigs (p=0.009). While pigs with slight or moderate hepatitis were seropositive, pigs with more severe lesions were seronegative to HEV. These results indicate that swine HEV infection can be a significant contributor to the development of moderate hepatitis in pigs regardless of the PMWS status. 相似文献
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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has emerged during the past decade as a causative agent of autochthonous hepatitis and is a clinical concern in Western developed countries. It has been increasingly recognized that pigs are a major reservoir of HEV of genotypes 3 and 4 worldwide and pig‐derived food items represent a potential source of infections by these viruses in humans. Hepatitis E virus RNA testing was performed here on faeces from rectal swabs sampled in 2012 from 50 3‐month‐old farm pigs from the same farm located in south‐eastern France than in a previous work conducted in 2007. Pig HEV sequences corresponding to genomic fragments of ORF2 and ORF1 genes were obtained after RT‐PCR amplification with in‐house protocols. Hepatitis E virus genotype was determined by phylogenetic analysis. Prevalence was similar to that determined 5 years earlier (68% versus 62%). Two robust phylogenetic clusters of HEV subtypes 3a and 3f were identified, and these sequences obtained in 2012 largely differ compared with those obtained in 2007. Notably, HEV sequences obtained in 2012 from a majority (62%) of the infected pigs belonged to subtype 3a, which was not previously described in France, including not being found in any of humans, pigs or wild boars. Further studies are needed to assess the circulation of HEV‐3a in pigs and humans in this country. In addition, along with previous findings, this study supports the need for increased information to the public on the risk of HEV infection through contacts with pigs or consumption of pig‐derived products in France. 相似文献
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Lee YH Ha Y Ahn KK Cho KD Lee BH Kim SH Chae C 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,182(1):131-135
A synthetic, peptide-derived, polyclonal antibody-based, immunohistochemical test was developed to detect swine hepatitis E virus (HEV) and was compared with in situ hybridisation for the detection of HEV in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from experimentally infected pigs. Solid-phase peptide synthesis was used to generate peptides from swine HEV open reading frame 2, and the purified peptides were injected into rabbits to produce polyclonal antibodies. The specificity and sensitivity of the test were both 100%. Liver was most consistently positive for swine HEV antigen and RNA by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation, respectively, but both were detected much less frequently in extrahepatic tissues such as lymph node, tonsil, spleen, and intestine. Swine HEV antigen and RNA showed a similar distribution in virus-infected hepatocytes in serial sections. The novel test developed in this study is suitable for consistently detecting swine HEV antigen in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. 相似文献