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石油暴露对栉孔扇贝免疫酶活性及血细胞稳定性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
实验室条件下设置海水石油烃质量浓度分别为0.05 mg/L,0.30 mg/L,0.50 mg/L和1.00 mg/L,以栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)为实验对象,实验时间为30 d,分别在0,0.5 d,3 d,6 d,10 d,15 d,21 d和30 d取样,测定其消化盲囊、鳃丝和血淋巴部分免疫酶活性和细胞稳定性指标。结果显示,低浓度0.05 mg/L处理组,各指标变化不显著(P0.05),0.30 mg/L和0.50 mg/L处理组中,消化盲囊和鳃丝的碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活力在实验期间显著升高(P0.05);在高浓度1.00 mg/L处理组,消化盲囊和鳃丝的ALP、SOD和GPx活力在实验中后期接近或者低于对照组的水平,其中鳃丝各指标变化较为明显;0.05 mg/L处理组血细胞膜稳定性未受影响(P0.05),而其余各浓度组在实验中后期都明显低于对照组水平(P0.05),浓度越高,细胞膜稳定性降低速度越快。结果表明,0.05 mg/L低浓度石油烃污染在整个实验时间内并未对栉孔扇贝造成伤害,0.30 mg/L和0.50 mg/L浓度石油烃短期对其造成的影响较小,但随着实验时间的延长,血细胞膜稳定性显著降低(P0.05),机体受到一定程度的损伤;1.00 mg/L浓度石油烃对栉孔扇贝的影响非常明显,3 d内便造成了鳃丝的氧化损伤和血细胞膜稳定性的大幅度降低;相同浓度石油烃暴露下,鳃丝抗氧化酶和ALP的变化较消化盲囊明显,对石油烃反应更敏感;实验中各项指标的变化呈现剂量效应和时间效应关系,可以尝试用作评价海洋石油烃污染程度的生物监测指标。 相似文献
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以栉孔扇贝Chlamys farreri为研究对象,暴露于不同浓度HgCl2溶液35d后,转入自然海水中净化30d,检测不同时间点栉孔扇贝全组织中总汞与甲基汞含量,研究二者在栉孔扇贝组织中积累与净化情况.实验采用Kahle的双箱模型,数据处理采用两组不同动力学参数的双曲线毒性动力学模型.拟合发现,总汞和甲基汞在栉孔扇贝组织内的积累与净化规律符合双箱动力学模型;浓度低于2μg/L的汞溶液对栉孔扇贝的慢性毒性较小;各实验组暴露35d后栉孔扇贝组织中的总汞含量达到最高,暴露浓度与扇贝组织内的总汞积累量呈正比例关系.总汞在栉孔扇贝组织内的富集高峰出现在第35天,与理论点一致,而甲基汞富集高峰出现在40d后,有延迟现象;对比总汞和甲基汞在栉孔扇贝组织内的积累与净化动力学参数发现,总汞在栉孔扇贝组织内的积累因子（BCF）总体上大于甲基汞在栉孔扇贝组织内的BCF;汞与甲基汞在扇贝组织内的BCF和生物学半衰期（B1/2）与暴露液浓度均呈正相关关系;海水环境中总汞浓度低于0.064 8μg/L时,对栉孔扇贝的食品安全性无影响（以甲基汞为限量）. 相似文献
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ELISA分析技术在华贵栉孔扇贝与墨西哥湾扇贝病毒检测的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用ELISA分析技术,对湛江地区不同时期的华贵栉孔扇贝和墨西哥湾扇贝体内感染的病毒粒子的季节性变化进行了研究。结果表明1龄华贵栉孔扇贝体内病毒粒子的含量在11月份最高,其P/N值和OD值分别为0.8558和2.51,相比华贵栉孔扇贝大规模死亡提前10-20d。1龄墨西哥湾扇贝的OD值在10、11月份的检测中大于1,即表示墨西哥湾扇贝中可能存在华贵栉孔扇贝病毒粒子,其他月份的检测结果均为完全阴性,即没有检测到华贵栉孔扇贝病毒粒子。 相似文献
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本研究以海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)为研究对象, 通过96 h半静水毒性实验,探讨了消油剂、0号柴油分散液(WAF)与0号柴油乳化液(CEWAF)对海湾扇贝24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h急性毒性效应。结果显示,消油剂对海湾扇贝的24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h半致死浓度(95%可信限)分别为1905(1570-2451 mg/L)、1293(1070-1556 mg/L)、1015(721-1348 mg/L)、846 mg/L(660-1020 mg/L);WAF对海湾扇贝的24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h半致死浓度(95%可信限)分别为36.57(29.42-48.96 mg/L)、23.10(21.07-25.39 mg/L)、14.99(13.66-16.41 mg/L)、11.31 mg/L(8.37-14.47 mg/L);CEWAF对海湾扇贝的24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h半致死浓度(95%可信限)分别为12.71(10.78-15.55 mg/L)、8.51 (7.99-9.07 mg/L)、6.56(4.46-7.74 mg/L)、5.42 mg/L(4.51-6.29 mg/L)。消油剂、0号柴油分散液、0号柴油乳化液对海湾扇贝96 h安全浓度分别为84.6、1.13、0.54 mg/L。随着实验时间的延长,消油剂、WAF和CEWAF对海湾扇贝的半致死浓度(LC50)均呈逐渐降低之势,半致死浓度与时间呈幂函数关系,其关系式分别为y=12242x–0.583、y=564.37x–0.848、y=89.987x–0.613。在受试溶液中暴露相同时间,海湾扇贝的半致死浓度从高到低依次为消油剂、WAF和CEWAF,说明CEWAF对海湾扇贝的毒性大于消油剂和WAF,这对于在养殖海区使用消油剂处理溢油事故具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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通过暴露实验研究了栉孔扇贝（Chlamys farreri）对铜离子（Cu2+）的耐受性,试验暴露35d之后将栉孔扇贝移入自然海水排出30 d,观察其体内铜含量变化规律。耐受实验结果表明,栉孔扇贝对Cu2+较为敏感;富集实验结果表明,栉孔扇贝体内的铜含量与暴露溶液里的Cu2+浓度呈正相关;排出实验结果表明,在排出实验初期,其体内的铜含量明显减少,其体内铜的排出与排出时间正相关。 应用双箱动力学模型,通过非线性拟合得到了栉孔扇贝富集Cu2+的吸收速率常数k1、排出速率常数k2、生物富集系数BCF、栉孔扇贝体内铜含量（CAmax）、生物学半衰期B1/2等动力学参数。分析结果表明,双箱动力学模型可用于栉孔扇贝对Cu2+的生物富集与排出实验。另外,栉孔扇贝可潜在的作为监测重金属Cu2+污染的指示生物。 相似文献
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浒苔多糖对华贵栉孔扇贝血淋巴中SOD酶和溶菌酶活性的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
于华贵栉孔扇贝体内注射了0.1%,0.25%,0.5%3个不同浓度的浒苔多糖后,在24,48,72 h分别测定了华贵栉孔扇贝血淋巴中SOD酶和溶菌酶活力。结果表明:0.1%和0.25%实验组扇贝血淋巴中SOD酶活仅在注射24h后显著地高于对照组(P<0.05),而0.5%实验组在注射24 h后极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),而且在注射48h和72 h后仍显著高于对照组(P<0.05);0.1%实验组对扇贝血淋巴中溶菌酶的作用无显著影响,而0.25%和0.5%实验组对扇贝血淋巴中溶菌酶活力在不同测定时间都表现出明显的促进作用,其中0.5%实验组对血细胞中溶菌酶作用效果极显著(P<0.01);说明浒苔多糖具有增强华贵栉孔扇贝免疫活性的作用。 相似文献
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测定了栉孔扇贝(Chlamys atreri)在不同浓度Cu^2 胁迫下酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)等3种酶活性的变化,并同时用组织化学的方法检测了其对栉孔扇贝活性氧(R0S)含量的影响。结果表明,当Cu^2 在0．02mg／L、0．05mg／L、0．1mg／L3种质量浓度条件下,栉孔扇贝体内ACP和AKP活性均高于对照组,但随着Cu^2 浓度增加,酶活性有降低的趋势,当Cu^2 质量浓度达到0．2mg／L时这2种酶活性均低于对照组。而CAT活性均高于对照组,且随着Cu^2 质量浓度增加而升高;活性氧含量的变化趋势与CAT活性变化趋势相似。这些数据说明Cu^2 对栉孔扇贝的免疫活性有明显影响。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
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The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
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There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献