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1.
免疫器官中肾型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的定位和动态分布   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
以鼠抗鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒（肾型IBV）的高免血清为一抗，辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）标记的羊抗鼠IgG为二抗，建立了检测石蜡切片肾型IBV抗原的间接酶标抗体染色技术。应用该技术对人工感染肾型IBV C9001株鸡免疫器官中的病毒进行了检测，结果胸腺和法氏囊是病毒主要侵害的免疫器官，脾脏，盲肠扁桃体仅呈一过性感染，哈氏腺未检测到，法氏囊从感染后2－12天，胸腺从感染后3－8天均检测到病毒抗原，阳性染色主要集中于法氏囊淋巴滤泡髓质区和胸腺小叶髓质区淋巴细胞和网状细胞胞浆内。  相似文献   

2.
鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)广西分离株GX-YL5通过滴鼻点眼人工感染14日龄健康非免疫雏鸡,对接毒后1、3、5、7、10、14、21、28、35和42 d试验鸡的气管、肺脏、肾脏、胸腺、腺胃、盲肠扁桃体和肝脏等组织及泄殖腔棉拭子进行IBV的反转录巢式PCR检测,同时对接毒后不同时间的气管、肺脏、肾脏、胸腺、腺胃、法氏囊、脾脏和肝脏进行组织病理学观察。结果表明接毒后的3～21 d,气管、肺脏、肾脏、胸腺、腺胃、盲肠扁桃体和肝脏的病毒检测均为阳性,接毒后42 d肾脏和气管检测结果仍为阳性;接毒后3～42 d泄殖腔棉拭子检测结果为阳性。组织病理学观察见到气管黏液,气管和细支气管纤毛脱落,炎症细胞浸润,肺充血,淋巴细胞浸润,肾脏间质性肾炎以及法氏囊水肿。研究结果表明,GX-YL5株对雏鸡具有广泛的组织嗜性,主要脏器带毒时间21 d或更长,泄殖腔排毒持续至少39 d。  相似文献   

3.
为全面了解鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)感染引起雏鸡多个器官组织病理损伤情况,研究对IBV M41株人工感染SPF雏鸡后不同时间的气管、肺脏、肾脏、哈德氏腺、胸腺、法氏囊、脾脏、肝脏、胰腺和十二指肠进行病理组织学变化观察,同时应用实时荧光定量PCR方法对气管和肾脏中IBV载量进行检测。结果显示,IBV M41株主要侵害鸡呼吸器官气管和肺脏,分别在感染后第1、3天开始出现病变并持续2~3周。肾脏主要表现为肾小管上皮细胞轻度变性和少量淋巴细胞浸润,从第5天持续到第28天。感染后第5天,免疫器官哈德氏腺、胸腺和法氏囊开始出现不同程度的细胞变性,其中哈德氏腺最严重。感染后第3~21天,脾脏白髓面积增大,局部出现少量异嗜性细胞,病变轻微。感染5 d后,肝脏、胰腺和十二指肠先后出现轻度细胞变性,少量淋巴细胞浸润,持续到第28天。感染后第1~11天气管和肾脏病毒载量维持较高水平,分别在第5、8天达到峰值,气管病毒载量较肾脏高。结果表明,IBV M41株主要侵害鸡呼吸系统,对泌尿、免疫和消化系统也有亲嗜性;不同器官组织损伤程度和持续时间存在差异;气管和肾脏的病毒载量与组织损伤存在相关性。研究首次对IBV M41株感染雏鸡进行系统的组织病理学观察,为了解疾病发展过程、IBV致病机理和病理学诊断提供参考。  相似文献   

4.
本研究观察了人工感染传染性腔上囊病毒(IBDV)的雏鸡的腔上囊、胸腺,脾脏、盲肠扁桃体、Harder′s腺等淋巴器官的组织病理学变化。结果显示全部感染鸡腔上囊都有特异性病理变化:表现淋巴小结髓质坏死,髓质、皮质同时坏死,淋巴细胞数量明显减少;未分化上皮细胞立方化;间质充血、水肿增宽或成纤维细胞增生;粘膜水肿、上皮细胞变性;脾脏、盲肠扁桃体、胸腺和Harder′s腺亦有不同程度的组织学改变。  相似文献   

5.
采用生物素—亲和素法检测实验鸡雏35只。结果,接毒12h,在法氏囊滤泡的髓质、胸腺小叶的髓质、脾白髓的脾小结、盲肠扁桃体的淋巴小结及弥散淋巴组织内首先出现核浓缩,胞浆呈棕色的阳性淋巴细胞。接毒1～3d,在骨髓血窦外区、法氏囊滤泡、胸腺小叶、脾白髓、盲肠扁桃体和弥散淋巴组织内出现核浓缩、碎裂,泡浆呈棕色的阳性淋巴细胞、阳性巨噬细胞和阳性网状细胞。接毒4～5d死亡病例的这些免疫器官原有结构破坏,形成蜂窝状空泡结构,空泡含有核碎屑和棕色微粒。肝、肾、肺的微血管充满红细胞凝集,其胞膜显现深棕色微粒。根据这些变化可建立雏鸡新城疫诊断。  相似文献   

6.
本试验利用病理石蜡切片技术研究新城疫病鸡的免疫器官的组织病理学变化,探讨新城疫病毒对鸡心脏,肝脏和肠的损伤机理。光镜下的病理主要表现在肠、胸腺、脾脏、胰脏、盲肠扁桃体等,以消化道的出血性炎症为主,勃膜层淋巴细胞增多,部分上皮细胞坏死、出血。  相似文献   

7.
应用生物素—亲和素(BA)法检测实验性传染性法氏囊病(IBD)鸡,在法氏囊、脾脏、盲肠扁桃体、胸腺、肝脏、肺脏、肾脏和心脏均检出了阳性细胞,并证明鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)最早定位于法氏囊滤泡髓质区的淋巴细胞胞浆内并进行复制,法氏囊滤泡的淋巴细胞是IBDV的主要靶细胞.接毒后ld,法氏囊滤泡就见有许多病毒;2～3d.病毒数量激增并达到高峰;4～5d,病毒数量维持较高水平;6～7d,病毒数量显著减少.本实验结果表明,BA法可以作为IBD的特异诊断方法,法氏囊可作为检测本病的首选器官,在法氏囊滤泡的髓质检出阳性淋巴细胞、阳性异染性白细胞和阳性巨噬细胞,或主要检出阳性巨噬细胞,均可作为本病的特异性诊断指标.  相似文献   

8.
本试验利用病理石蜡切片技术研究新城疫病鸡的免疫器官的组织病理学变化,探讨新城疫病毒对鸡心脏,肝脏和肠的损伤机理。结果发现,光镜下的病理主要表现在肠、胸腺、脾脏、胰脏、盲肠扁桃体等,以消化道的出血性炎症为主,黏膜层淋巴细胞增多,部分上皮细胞坏死、出血。  相似文献   

9.
本研究对１４ 周龄的４２ 只 Ｓ Ｐ Ｆ鸡经气囊感染鸡喉气管炎病毒，通过病理组织学和扫描电镜检查，对不同感染阶段试验鸡进行研究。试验结果表明：感染后１２ｈ 气管粘膜淋巴细胞开始增生，以后逐渐增多，在８～９ ｄ 时逐渐减少，１２ ｄ 时基本降到原有水平；感染后２４ ｄ 气管粘膜上皮细胞开始形成合体细胞，３～４ ｄ 时普遍转变为合体细胞，并坏死脱落，６～７ ｄ 时出现再生，１２ ｄ 时基本恢复原有结构；腺体细胞在感染后坏死最早最严重，腺体细胞也是包涵体形成最早的细胞；在感染１２ ｄ时，气管粘膜上皮细胞纤毛项端开始融合并缩短，随后融合加剧，最终变成颗粒状或断裂脱落，上皮细胞表面裸露。除气管的病变外，肺脏发生支气管炎及出现核内包涵体，脾脏淋巴细胞，巨噬细胞增生及坏死，胸腺和法氏囊淋巴细胞增生及轻度坏死等变化。  相似文献   

10.
我们从免疫鸡卵卵黄提取免疫球蛋白制备 IBD荧光抗体,得到了特异性强、灵敏性高、基本上无非特异性反应的诊断制剂。用 CEF 细胞培养可直接(?)以 PBG98株1BDV 弱毒人工感染3日龄雏鸡的器官组织中分离到了病毒。本试验应用荧光抗体试验和 CEF 细胞培养检查和分离病毒的方法证明病毒在感染后的雏鸡体内分布和持续时间如下:强毒在被感染的3日龄雏鸡体内分布于法氏囊、胸腺、肾、直肠、肺、肝等器官。以法氏囊中的病毒浓度最高,扮续时间为8日。在感染有9周龄雏鸡体内分布于法氏囊、盲肠、盲肠扁桃体、十二指肠、胸腺、哈德氏腺、脾、肾、肝等器官;肺、心脏、脑、胰脏中未检出病毒。病毒浓度以法氏囊中最高,持续时间长达9日。弱毒在被感染的3日龄雏鸡体内分布于直肠、法氏囊、胸腺、肝、脾、肺。病毒在直肠中的浓度略高于法氏囊,持续时间亦较长,亦为8日。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

19.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

20.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

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