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以存活率、相对增重率、盲肠病变记分、卵囊值和抗球虫指数为判定指标,考察白头翁不同提取物及复方对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊致病性的影响(体外试验)和抗鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染效果(体内试验)。体内、体外试验结果均表明,白头翁不同提取物及复方均能提高相对增重率,降低盲肠病变计分和卵囊值。抗球虫指数(ACI)检测表明,白头翁不同提取物及复方对球虫孢子化卵囊有微弱的抑杀效果,对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染预防效果较差,不宜作为鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫病的预防和治疗药物。 相似文献
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鸡球虫病是养禽业常见的一种疾病，是由艾美耳科的8种艾美耳球虫引起的。其中柔嫩艾美耳球虫、毒害艾美耳球虫、堆型艾美耳球虫和巨型艾美耳球虫的致病性最为严重。柔嫩艾美耳球虫寄生于盲肠，故称盲肠球虫病；其余7种球虫寄生于小肠，因而称为小肠球虫病。病鸡表现贫血、消瘦和血痢，急性感染可造成大批死亡；中轻度感染主要影响生长发育，并降低对其它疾病的抵抗力。 相似文献
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柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染对鸡盲肠中一些正常厌氧微生物菌群动态的 … 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对鸡感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫时盲肠中常见正常厌氧微生物的变化情况进行检测研究发现：鸡在感染球虫后第７、１０、１４天时盲肠中类杆菌（Ｂacteriodes）的数量显著减少（Ｐ〈０．０５），而梭状芽孢杆菌（Ｃlostridium）则显著增多；在球虫感染后的第７、１０天时盲肠中的消化球菌（Ｐep-tostueptocuccus）和真杆菌（Ｅubactirium）呈显著下降（Ｐ〈０．０５）。上述结果从一个方面阐明了柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染导致对某些其它感染抵抗 相似文献
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为了研究鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫SO7基因原核表达重组蛋白的免疫效力,分析其在鸡抗柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染中对鸡平均增重、抗球虫指数(ACI)、减少盲肠病变和卵囊数量中的作用,从柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊中提取总RNA作为模板,用RT-PCR扩增出SO7基因片段,再应用DNA重组技术将SO7基因克隆到原核表达载体pET32a(+)中并用IPTG诱导表达。SDS-PAGE结果显示,pET32a(+)-SO7表达的目的蛋白约为40ku,主要以包涵体形式存在。用纯化的重组蛋白进行动物免疫试验显示,SO7重组蛋白在鸡抗柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染中有较好的免疫保护作用,能够显著提高鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染鸡的平均增重和抗球虫指数(ACI),对减少盲肠病变和卵囊数量也有部分作用。 相似文献
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鸡球虫病是幼鸡常见的一种急性流行性原虫病，以２０日龄以前的雏鸡最易感染，春、夏季多发，发病率和死亡率均较高。由于球虫耐药性强，不少抗球虫药开始应用时有效，不久就出现了耐药虫株，效果逐渐下降，有的甚至被淘汰，给球虫病的防治带来了不少的困难。笔者根据多年防治球虫病的经验，总结如下，以供广大养殖户参考。１分清病原病原为艾美耳球虫，我国已报道的有７种，即柔嫩艾美耳球虫、毒害艾美耳球虫、堆型艾美耳球虫、巨型艾美耳球虫、哈氏艾美耳球虫、和缓艾美耳球虫和早熟艾美耳球虫。柔嫩艾美耳球虫寄生在盲肠粘膜内，称盲肠球… 相似文献
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为探究柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染对鸡盲肠菌群的影响,采集对照组和球虫感染组雏鸡盲肠内容物,提取DNA,16S rDNA测序分析鸡盲肠菌群丰度、多样性的变化,采用粪菌移植验证正常鸡肠道菌群对柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染的保护作用。16S rDNA测序结果显示,柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染后盲肠内菌群丰度、多样性显著降低。在门水平上,感染前,两组雏鸡盲肠的优势菌门均为厚壁菌、变形菌、放线菌;感染后厚壁菌门丰度下降,变形菌门、放线菌门的丰度上升,差异显著(P<0.05),感染组出现了拟杆菌门。在属水平上,与对照组相比,感染组鸡盲肠微生物菌群中乳杆菌属、埃希菌-志贺菌属、拟杆菌属、罗姆布茨菌属、棒状杆菌属、肠球菌属、变形杆菌属丰度增加但差异不显著(P>0.05),毛螺菌科未定属、瘤胃球菌属、梭菌UCG-014、瘤胃球菌科未定属丰度显著下降(P<0.05),GCA-900066575丰度降低但差异不显著(P>0.05)。粪菌移植结果显示,与生理盐水移植组相比,盲肠内容物移植组和粪便菌移植组能显著减轻柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染后鸡增重降低的影响,减轻盲肠损伤,卵囊产量显著下降(P<0.05)。盲肠内容物... 相似文献
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为了探究常山、槟榔和甘草3味中草药制成的复方制剂预防柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染鸡的效果,试验通过建立鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染模型,将复方制剂按0.25 g/kg、0.5 g/kg、1 g/kg和2 g/kg 4个剂量组对感染鸡只进行饲喂。通过存活率、相对增重率、盲肠病变、卵囊值以及抗球虫指数等指标来评价复方制剂预防鸡感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫的效果。试验结果显示,复方制剂中高剂量组的效果为161,抗球虫药效达到中等,复方制剂低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组的药效分别为149、152和153,均达到了抗球虫的标准。 相似文献
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Susceptibility to disease and the subclass-specific antibody response to Eimeria tenella, E. acervulina, and E. maxima were compared in two inbred strains of chickens, FP (B15B21) and SC (B2B2). FP strain was more susceptible to coccidiosis than SC chickens based on oocyst production, lesion score, and clinical signs. FP chickens infected with E. tenella had more severe cecal lesions and a significantly lower hematocrit level than SC chickens. FP chickens infected with E. acervulina excreted five times as many oocysts at 6 days postinfection as SC and showed a 71% reduction in plasma carotenoid level compared with controls (56% reduction in SC chickens). Body-weight change did not correlate with other signs of disease. Both SC and FP chickens produced high levels of serum IgM and IgG and biliary IgA. Although SC chickens had a slightly higher antibody response than FP chickens at 7 days postinoculation, both strains maintained high levels of IgM, IgG, and IgA for a prolonged period post primary inoculation. Although SC and FP chickens show different disease susceptibility to coccidiosis, they demonstrate similar antibody response. 相似文献
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目前,妥曲珠利的用药时间和用药途径及其治疗效果存在争议。为了确定妥曲珠利对鸡球虫病的最佳用药时间和途径,本试验以自由饮水和灌服两种途径分别在感染球虫孢子化卵囊后24、48、72 h连续用药2 d,通过抗球虫指数（anticoccidialindex,ACI）、排卵囊减少率和死亡率等指标分析妥曲珠利饮水剂合理用药方案。结果表明,感染后24 h用药妥曲珠利可有效控制鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫病,48 h后治疗效果不佳;嗉囊灌服的治疗效果优于自由饮水。本试验结果为生产中有效利用妥曲珠利控制鸡球虫病提供了重要依据。 相似文献
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The effect of concurrent cecal coccidiosis infections on severity of Histomonas meleagridis (blackhead disease) in chickens was investigated in a series of experiments. Cecal lesions from H. meleagridis were severe in all inoculated control groups and did not appear to be affected by the introduction of Eimeria tenella infection. However, the severity of liver lesions and number of birds positive for liver lesions of H. meleagridis increased significantly with the presence of E. tenella. The increase was similar when 10(3) or 10(4) oocysts of E. tenella were given and was the same when oocysts were given at the same time as H. meleagridis or 4 days prior. The liver lesions increased directly as doses of H. meleagridis increased from 7.5 x 10(3) cells to 30, 100, or 300 x 10(3) when E. tenella was given along with H. melelagridis but not when H. meleagridis was given alone. Administration of a live coccidiosis vaccine containing very low levels of E. tenella also gave a significant boost to liver lesions but at a much lower level than that observed with larger doses of E. tenella. The positive relationship between infections of cecal coccidiosis and H. meleagridis in chickens suggests that such dual exposure may contribute to increased clinical outbreaks of blackhead disease in chickens under field conditions. 相似文献
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强效艾美耳牌鸡球虫苗Ⅰ型的田间试验 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
本文报道了强效艾美耳牌鸡球虫苗Ⅰ型对AA肉用仔鸡的田间免疫效果，马杜霉素或地克珠利作为对照药物；另一组以不用任何抗球虫药物作为对照。实验显示，与马杜霉素相比，使用强效艾美耳牌鸡球虫苗Ⅰ型后，AA肉用仔鸡在增重、饲料效率和成活率方面的优势；与地克珠利相比，使用强效艾美耳牌鸡球虫苗Ⅰ型后，AA肉用仔鸡在增重和饲料效率方面，效果相当，但成活率高1％；与不用抗球虫药物组相比，使用强效艾美耳牌鸡球虫苗Ⅰ型后，鸡群在增重、饲料效率、成活率方面，均有显著优势。 相似文献
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为了确定柔嫩艾美耳球虫（Eimenatenella）早熟株合适的免疫剂量,本文设立7个早熟株免疫攻虫组、1个不免疫攻虫组和1个不免疫不攻虫组,免疫组的免疫剂量为孢子化卵囊100、200、400、600、800、1000和2000个／羽,经嗉囊感染,7日龄首次免疫,14日龄以同等剂量进行第二次免疫,21日龄以8×10^4个／羽的同源母株进行攻虫,28日龄结束试验,以存活率、增重、肠道病变记分、血便数量、卵囊减少率为观测指标。对免疫保护效果较好的3个免疫剂量进行重复试验,同时设置商品化球虫疫苗对照组,免疫方法、试验周期、试验指标同第一批试验。结果显示：攻虫后,不免疫攻虫组出现5％死亡,而各免疫组来出现死亡;各免疫组卵囊减少率在61．57％～69．52％;200～2000免疫组的增重与不免疫不攻虫组差异不具备显著统计学意义（P〉0．05）;600～2000免疫组的肠道病变记分和血便数量均明显少于不免疫攻虫组（P〈0．05）。用600、800和1000进行重复试验,三个免疫组攻虫期间均来出现死亡,而不免疫组和疫苗对照组均出现5％死亡;三个免疫组的增重均明显高于不免疫攻虫组和疫苗对照组（P〈0．05）;早熟株免疫组的肠道病变记分和血便数量明显低于不免疫攻虫组（P〈0．05）,而疫苗对照组与不免疫攻虫组的相当（P〉0．05）;卵囊减少率在66.30％-78．75％,高于疫苗对照组的51．82％。结果表明,该柔嫩艾美耳球虫早熟株保持了良好的免疫原性,不同免疫剂量均能诱发鸡产生免疫保护力,其中600、800和1000个／羽的免疫效果均优于疫苗对照组,可考虑以600个／羽作为该早熟株在疫苗制备中的推荐免疫剂量。 相似文献
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The possibility that bacteremia and toxemia were the causes of death in cases of cecal coccidiosis was investigated. Germ-free and ordinary chickens with microflora were inoculated with sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella. At 5 days postinoculation, cecal lesions in ordinary chickens were more severe than those in germ-free ones. Cardiac blood, spleen, and liver were examined in ordinary chickens for bacteremia and endotoxemia, and small numbers of bacteria were recovered from both infected and uninfected birds. Endotoxin levels in plasma of E. tenella-infected birds were low and not different from the levels of uninfected controls. To examine unknown toxic factors, a large volume of serum from infected chickens was injected intravenously into uninfected birds. No significant clinical signs were observed. It is concluded that the intestinal bacteria increase the severity of coccidial lesions without bacteremia and toxemia. 相似文献
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Young New Hampshire and broiler chickens were given feed containing 2 concentrations of aflatoxin B1 (0.2 or 2.0 ppm). The larger concentration caused severe toxicosis and death in the New Hampshire chicks, but did not cause gross signs in the broiler chicks. However, temporary stunting was seen on both New Hampshire and broiler chicks during periods of aflatoxin feeding, along with persisting decreased weight gains in the broiler chicks; the latter apparently recovered during the next 21 days of feeding the starter ration. New Hampshire and broiler chicks which were given feed containing aflatoxin B1 at concentrations of 0.2 and 2.0 ppm for 28 days followed by a 21-day "recovery period" and which were not given a coccidiostat were more susceptible to severe cecal coccidiosis and had more persisting hepatic and cecal lesions than did chicks not given aflatoxin. The coccidiostat was protective against both cecal damage and losses in checks challenge exposed at 49 days of age to 100,000 infective Eimeria tenella oocysts. 相似文献
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A series of experiments was undertaken to investigate the infection dynamics of various doses of S. typhimurium in day-old and 14-day-old broiler chickens kept in isolators. The infections were followed quantitatively in ceca and ileum by enumerating the colony forming units (cfu) of the challenge strain. It was found that the inoculation of 10(7) cfu of S. typhimurium to day-old chickens established stable cecal infection in all the animals for 35 days. For 14-day-old chickens, stable and lasting infections were seen with inoculation of 10(9) cfu. Lower doses yielded more variable results, and the bacteria were rapidly eliminated from most birds, especially in 14-day-old inoculated chickens. Salmonella was found in spleen and liver 2-3 days postinoculation. Salmonella was cleared from both organs or reduced to very low numbers within 3 weeks. 相似文献