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1.
Extract Ectoparasites known to cause skin lesions in alpacas (Vicugna pacos) include the mites Sarcoptes scabiei, Chorioptes bovis and Psoroptes spp., and the lice Microthoracius mazzai and Bovicola breviceps (Cicchino et al. 1998; Foster et al. 2007). Occasionally, Demodex spp. infestations have been reported or mentioned as incidental fi ndings in llamas (Lama glama) (Atlee et al. 1997) and alpacas (Foster et al. 2007). So far, only Sarcoptes scabiei (McKenna et al. 2005), Chorioptes bovis (Arthur 1997, non-peer reviewed) and Bovicola breviceps (Palma et al. 2006) have been recorded on lamoids in New Zealand. Here, we report the first record of Demodex spp. infestation of an alpaca in New Zealand. 相似文献
2.
Abstract In the June 1998 issue of the New Zealand Veterinay Journal, a clinical review was published focusing on aspects of the protein nutrition of dairy cattle (Westwood et al., 1998). The authors wrote: “Most species of rumen bacteria can use ammonia for growth, but some, particularly bacteria which ferment cell wall carbohydrates, use or have obligate requirements for amino acids and peptides (Russel et al., 1992)”. 相似文献
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Abstract Extract In the last 2 years, two papers have been published suggesting that current New Zealand reference criteria for diagnosing cobalt deficiency should be reviewed (Grace et al 2003), and they are conservatively high and lead to the over-diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency and ill-thriftiness in sheep (Gruner et al 2004). The comments refer to reference ranges cited by animal health diagnostic laboratories. These reference ranges were derived from the paper by Clark et al (1989), which reviewed data from published and unpublished weight gain response trials preceding that date. The review included all published trials in New Zealand and as many unpublished trials that the authors could obtain. They involved serum vitamin B12 data from 54 trials and liver vitamin B12 data from 21 trials. It was stated that more data from trials conducted in autumn were required to reliably determine an autumn response curve. In addition, it was envisaged that as other trial data became available the reference curves could be upgraded (Clark et al 1985). 相似文献
4.
M.P. Reichel 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(1)
Abstract Extract Neospora caninum is a major cause of disease in cattle and dogs, manifesting with abortions in cattle, and hind limb paresis in mostly young dogs (1) . Previous reports from New Zealand suggest that around 30% of bovine abortions may be due to Neospora (2) (3) and that about 40% of recently aborted dairy cows have antibodies against Neospora (4) . 相似文献
5.
Abstract Extract The paper by Goodwin et al (2004) which appeared in the August 2004 issue of the New Zealand Veterinary Journal highlighted the prevalence and costs to the sheep industry of pneumonia in lambs. The costs are considerable, and the article begs the question, “what can sheep farmers do to reduce the effects of pneumonia in lambs?” 相似文献
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Abstract Extract Sir, — Leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica is now recognised as a widespread infection among opossums in New Zealand (2) and the possibility of domestic stock acting as accidental hosts has recently been demonstrated. (3) With the recent development of hardjo vaccines (1) (4) for controlling infection with this serovar in the maintenance hosts, stock could be left vulnerable to infection with other prevalent serovars such as balcanica. 相似文献
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Abstract Extract Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan protozoan parasite first reported in dogs (Bjerkås et al., 1984; Dubey et al., 1988a, Dubey et al., 1988b) and subsequently recognised as a cause of bovine abortion (Dubey and Lindsay, 1993). Natural N. caninum infections have been reported in other animal species including the goat, sheep, horse and deer (Dubey and Lindsay, 1996). The dog was recently identified as definitive host of the parasite (McAllister et al., 1998). Neospora caninum has a worldwide distribution (Barber et al., 1995; Duivenvoorden, 1995; Jardine and Wells, 1995; Stenlund et al., 1997; Thornton et al., 1991; Umemura et al., 1992) but the presence of N. caninum in Brazil has not been confirmed. 相似文献
8.
Abstract Extract A single case of the inherited lysosomal storage disease known as mucopolysaccharidosis-IIIA (MPS-IIIA), due to a deficiency of the enzyme heparan sulphatase, was reported in an 18-month-old male Huntaway dog (Jolly et al 2000). He had developed normally but when presented with a history of progressive ataxia over the preceding month, had a high stepping, prancing gait and difficulty in jumping into a utility vehicle. In addition, he had started to defaecate in his kennel. Following diagnosis of the enzyme deficiency, the mutant heparan sulphatase gene was sequenced and a PCR/restriction enzyme diagnostic test developed, based on the mutation. This is capable of detecting both homozygous and heterozygous individuals (Yogalingam et al 2000). 相似文献
9.
Abstract Extract Sheep ova are normally obtained from the reproductive tract using the flushing techniques described by Hunter et al. (1955). Oviduct flushes, in the writers' experience, give a higher recovery of ova than uterine flushes, but they result in more adhesions of the tract, which can cause infertility. Consequently, the development of satisfactory uterine flushing techniques appears necessary before ova can be recovered repeatedly from superior ewes. This paper describes such a technique. 相似文献
10.
Hugh Black 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(3)
Abstract Extract “Gastroenteritis” of sheep being transported in bulk livestock ships has been reported (1) (2) (3) , but still remains a poorly defined disease syndrome. 相似文献
11.
Abstract Extract Recently, we reported on outbreaks of Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona infection in newly weaned lambs(1). It was suggested that wet environmental conditions played an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease in that class of sheep. This communication presents observations on another case of ovine leptospirosis, one that occurred under different circumstances, i.e. different season, age and environmental conditions. 相似文献
12.
H. Burbidge 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(3)
Abstract Extract It is always satisfying to attempt to explain the clinical signs of a disease from the altered physiology that occurs. In the article Neurogenic laryngeal paralysis in the dog(1) the clinical signs of laryngeal stridor, increased respiratory rate and exercise intolerance could be explained as follows: 相似文献
13.
Abstract Extract Madam;–The results of field trials of a live parainfluenza virus type3(PI3)vaccine suggested that(PI3)might not be the only virus involved in the initiation of outbreaks of pneumonia in lambs in New Zealand,(5)The outbreaks that were not associated with infection with(PI3)could not be linked to infection with the other ovine respiratory viruses then known to be present in New Zealand (ovine adenovirus type 6 and the ovine variant of bovine adenovirus type 7)((1),(4),(5)suggesting that other unrecognised viruses might be involved. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of pneumonia in human infants and in cattle.(8)This virus has recently been isolated from a yearling ewe with mild rhinitis(6)and there is serological evidence of infection in adult sheep.(3),(6)However, there are no reports implicating this virus in outbreaks of pneumonia in lambs, although experimental infection of lambs with a bovine isolate of RSV resulted in reduced pulmonary bacterial clearance leading to secondary pneumonic pasteurellosis.(2) 相似文献
14.
Abstract Extract As dairy herds get larger cows have to walk further, and foot care becomes more important. Lameness from bruising of the soles of the feet is a particular hazard (Tranter and Morris 1991, especially on hard tracks with loose angular stones or grit (Clackson and Ward 1991. One way of reducing this problem might be to provide an overlay of woodchips on top of the normal hard track. This would provide a softer grit-free surface, which could be more comfortable for the cows. 相似文献
15.
M.M. Cooke 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(4)
Abstract Extract Tuberculous lesions in the skin of carnivorous species such as the mustelids have often been associated with the contamination of bite wounds inflicted during intra-species conflict (Muirhead et al., 1974; Cheeseman et al., 1988; Clifton-Hadley et al., 1993; Nolan and Wilesmith, 1994; Ragg et al., 1995; Lugton et al., 1997). A strong association between tuberculous tonsillitis and recovery of Mycobacterium bovis from the oral cavity of ferrets (Mustela furo) was reported by Lugton et al. (1997). They believed that the recovery of M. bovis from the pharynx was enhanced by the act of swabbing which could damage the oral mucosal epithelium and dislodge infected mucosal macrophages. The authors speculated that tubercle bacilli could enter the oral cavity through disrupted tonsillar epithelium, although they found no evidence of epithelial damage. It is also well established that in many species, infected pulmonary secretions reach the oral cavity and contaminate saliva (Jennings, 1949). 相似文献
16.
Abstract Extract Most perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) plants in pastures in New Zealand contain a naturally occurring fungal endophyte, Neotyphodium lolii. Endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass produces alkaloids that vary in concentration during the year. Some alkaloids enhance the persistence and productivity of ryegrass pastures by protecting them against insect attack. However, when other alkaloids are consumed they can reduce animal performance and lead to health problems. The alkaloid lolitrem B, for example, causes the neuromuscular disorder ryegrass staggers (Fletcher et al 1999). Clinical symptoms of ryegrass staggers in animals range from slight muscular tremors through to staggering and complete collapse. Severely affected animals create management problems and are prone to accidental death. Outbreaks occur sporadically, particularly in summer and autumn and affect sheep, cattle, deer, horses, llamas (Lama glama) and alpaca (Lama pacos). Lolitrem B appears to be a stable compound, which tends to be concentrated in the leaf sheath at the base of the ryegrass plant and in the seed-heads (di Menna et al 1992; Keogh et al 1996). Hay made from endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass contains large numbers of seed-heads and lolitrem B concentrations can be high, especially if it is made in late summer or autumn and, consequently, animals fed such hay are at risk of developing ryegrass staggers. 相似文献
17.
R.D. Jolly B.V.Sc. Ph.D. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):87-89
Abstract Extract Ovine toxoplasmosis is of importance in New Zealand where it is recognized as the most common cause of intrauterine infection leading to abortion and stillbirths (Hartley and Boyes, 1964). Although clinical disease is rare in humans, serological evidence shows a high incidence of subclinical infection with 50% of New Zealand adults over 40 years of age showing positive titres (Manning and Reid, 1956). There is, however, a paucity of information on the disease incidence in other species in this country. Hartley (1956) has recorded toxoplasmosis in dogs and fowls. Pneumonia in a pig associated with Toxoplasma gondii was described by Shortridge and Smith (1964) while, more recently, Shortridge (1968) noted two cases of feline toxoplasmosis. This present communication concerns an outbreak of acute toxoplasmosis in several piglets. 相似文献
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19.
Abstract A Short Communication was published in the October 2002 issue of the New Zealand Veterinary Journal entitled “An investigation of the safety of oral calcium formate in dairy cows using clinical, biochemical and histopathological parameters” (McIntyre and Weston 2002). It appeared to be comparing results directly withthose of a prior communication (Scott and Van Wijk 2000). 相似文献
20.
Abstract Extract In the course of some earlier experiments, it was observed that vitamin B12 deficiency in 2 hoggets was corrected by injection of hydroxocobalamin (vitamin B12b) (E. D. Andrews, pers. comm., 1972). Since this form of therapy offered a convenient and effective means of treating young lambs suffering from vitamin B12 deficiency, more detailed investigations were desirable. It has been known for some time that lambs on the cobalt-deficient area at the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Kaitoke Farm lose condition after weaning. Abnormal amounts of methylmalonic acid (MMA) had been found in the urine of some of these lambs, indicating a state of vitamin B12 deficiency Andrews et al, (1970). 相似文献