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1.
基于遥感信息与水稻模型相结合对镇江地区水稻种植面积与产量的估测 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
为了实现遥感信息与作物模型相结合对镇江地区的水稻种植面积与产量的估测,以便于可以直接利用遥感信息与模型对该地区的水稻生长进行监测,将遥感资料与水稻生产模型(ORYZA2000)相结合,建立遥感数值模拟模型,进行由点及面的区域水稻种植面积及产量的估测。利用遥感数据（8天合成的MODIS和环境小卫星数据）,计算归一化植被指数(NDVI)和增强植被指数(EVI),结合试验区实测的叶面积指数(LAI),建立植被指数与LAI之间的关系,通过模型模拟出的LAI计算出植被指数的浮动值,结合相对应的多时相的遥感数据识别镇江市的水稻,由此可以预报镇江市的水稻种植面积及产量。研究结果表明,模型对水稻生长发育期内的生物量和LAI的模拟较好,水稻LAI与遥感资料计算出的植被指数EVI的幂函数拟合性较好,可以应用这种相关模式识别水稻,并结合ORYZA2000模型提高区域范围的水稻估测精度,同时也体现了遥感信息与作物模型相结合可以很好的监测区域内水稻的生长情况,取得较好的模拟效果。 相似文献
2.
Using the CERES-Maize model in a semi-arid Mediterranean environment. Evaluation of model performance 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The CERES-Maize model was tested in a semi-arid Mediterranean environment during a period of 2 years under three different soil moisture conditions (well-watered and two limited irrigation regimes). In well-watered plots, growth and yield were adequately simulated by the model (differences between simulated values and observations were less than 10%). Results suggest that the absence of air humidity among the model inputs does not limit the CERES-Maize performance, even under dry-air conditions. On the contrary, under mild soil water shortage, CERES-Maize underestimated the leaf area index (LAI) (up to 26% for maximum LAI), above-ground biomass (up to 23%) and grain yield (up to 15%). Mismatches between observations and predictions increased with water stress level (by up to 46, 29 and 23% for maximum LAI, biomass and grain yield, respectively). It is suggested that the functions describing leaf growth and senescence and those calculating the soil water deficit functions should be modified to adapt CERES-Maize to Mediterranean environments. 相似文献
3.
作物高产群体LAI动态模拟模型的建立与检验 总被引：37，自引：7，他引：30
针对目前已有群体叶面积指数（LAI）模拟模型形式多样、参数较多以及应用性不强等问题,对春玉米、水稻和冬小麦的LAI及出苗至成熟天数进行归一化处理,分别将最大LAI和出苗至成熟天数定为1,以相对LAI (0~1)和相对时间(0~1)为参数进行LAI动态模拟,筛选、建立了一个适用于这3种作物的相对化LAI动态模拟模型y= (a+bx) / (1+cx+dx2)。其中,春玉米y= (0.0134+0.3234x) / (1－2.774x+2.4178x2),r=0.9859**;水稻y= (0.0777+0.0205x) / (1－2.73744x+2.0484x2),r=0.9865**;冬小麦y= (0.0131+0.0035x) / (1－2.4515x+1.5273x2),r=0.9719**。利用该模型,自拔节期起就能够较准确地进行LAI的动态预测,其在春玉米、水稻和冬小麦上的准确度（以k表示）分别为1.050、1.0357和1.1168,精确度（以R2表示）分别为0.8728、0.9270和0.9254。3种作物整个生育期内模型的模拟值与测量值的精确度均在0.98以上,准确度达0.86以上,表明相对化LAI动态模型能够准确地反映作物群体动态变化。不仅可以计算出作物生育期间的平均LAI、总光合势,还能计算任一时刻的LAI以及任一时段的光合势。结合田间调查还可得到作物生长期间的平均净同化率和平均作物生长率等产量相关的重要生理参数。根据作物群体中各光合生理参数与产量的关系,提出了3种作物进一步增产的可能途径。 相似文献
4.
基于MODIS-NDVI的春玉米叶面积指数和地上生物量估算 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了构建春玉米叶面积指数和地上生物量的估算模型,基于辽宁省大田条件下9个站点春玉米不同生育期叶面积指数LAI和地上鲜生物量数据,利用MODIS提取的10种植被指数NDVI、RVI、DVI、PVI、EVI、GNDVI、RDVI、SAVI、OSAVI和NLI反演春玉米LAI和地上鲜生物量。结果表明：10种植被指数与春玉米LAI和地上鲜生物量相关性显著,采用植被指数反演春玉米LAI和地上鲜生物量是可行的;分别基于回归分析法和人工神经网络法,利用10种植被指数反演春玉米LAI和地上鲜生物量,利用回归分析法结合OSAVI和NDVI反演春玉米LAI和地上鲜生物量效果较好;利用人工神经网络法进行模拟反演采用RVI、DVI和EVI效果最佳,反演精度高于回归分析法。 相似文献
5.
GF-1和MODIS影像冬小麦长势监测指标NDVI的对比 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
作物长势是农情遥感监测的重要内容之一。长期以来, 作物长势遥感监测主要基于卫星影像反演的相关植被参数, 如归一化植被指数(NDVI, normalized difference vegetation index)、叶面积指数(LAI, leaf area index)等。本文通过对比研究16 m分辨率GF-1卫星影像及250 m分辨率MODIS影像的NDVI与冬小麦综合茎数、株高、叶绿素浓度之间的关系, 尝试建立遥感监测作物长势指标与地面实测作物长势指标的定量关系。研究发现GF-1 的NDVI与冬小麦综合茎数的相关性最高(R 2=0.8961), 而与其他指标相关性较弱; MODIS的 NDVI指数与冬小麦综合茎数相关性较低(R 2=0.4432), 对作物长势的遥感监测精度较低。统计MODIS冬小麦像元内GF-1像元的NDVI平均值, 并与MODIS的NDVI对比, 发现两者之间的相关性较低(R 2=0.3944); 在消除MODIS与GF-1影像传感器光谱响应函数差异及NDVI尺度效应后, MODIS影像的冬小麦作物长势遥感监测精度得到一定提高(R 2=0.4633)。对MODIS像元内GF-1 NDVI标准差排序发现, MODIS像元内冬小麦长势一致性越高, MODIS的长势遥感监测精度越高。GF-1和MODIS影像NDVI长势监测主要代表地面冬小麦综合茎数, 且卫星影像分辨率越高, NDVI值越能反映实际的作物长势。MODIS像元内冬小麦长势一致性越高, 基于NDVI的MODIS与GF-1数据冬小麦长势监测结果越一致。从区域长势监测角度来看, 尽管MODIS与GF-1数据的监测结果趋势较为一致, 并且通过光谱、尺度归一化能够进一步提高监测结果的一致性, 但MODIS NDVI长势监测总体精度较低, 为满足作物长势精细化监测的业务需要, 应逐步使用高分辨率的遥感数据替代中低分辨率遥感数据进行作物长势遥感监测, 并将其作为长势监测业务化运行的研究重点。 相似文献
6.
通过对不同青贮玉米品种群体光合性能指标的研究结果表明，不同青贮玉米品种叶面积指数、光合势、群体生长率在整个生育期均呈单峰曲线变化，峰值出现在散粉至乳熟期间，因不同品种而异。净同化率则呈“马鞍”型曲线变化。多分蘖品种科试1号、植株高大品种东陵白与农大647在生育期间叶面积指数和光合势均较高，东陵白生育前、中期群体生长率显著高于其它品种，且高值持续时间较长，这是其生物产量高的生理基础。生产中，采取合理栽培措施，克服此类品种植株高大、个体繁茂、群体郁蔽导致植株病害和倒伏严重的不足，可实现青贮玉米群体生物产量的进一步提高。 相似文献
7.
K. Balakrishnan N. Natarajaratnam C. Rajendran 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1987,159(3):164-166
Experiment conducted with six pigeonpea cultivars over three seasons revealed that the critical leaf area index was 5.3 which coincided with the maximum crop growth rate and optimum net assimilation rate. It was also evident that the crop growth rate was influenced more by NAR rather than LAI. This study also suggests that by maintaining higher photosynthesis upto harvest, there is ample possibility to increase the crop growth rate till harvest. 相似文献
8.
R. Casa H. VarellaS. Buis M. GuérifB. De Solan F. Baret 《European Journal of Agronomy》2012,37(1):1-10
The objective of this study is to evaluate the performances of estimating agronomic variables, such as total above ground biomass at key stages, or yield, from LAI data that could potentially be obtained from remote sensing observations. Approaches based either on empirical relationships or on forcing LAI within the STICS model (Brisson et al., 2009) are considered, with emphasis on the effect of the accuracy and frequency of LAI data used. Both actual and simulated case studies on wheat for Northern France conditions were investigated under several levels of knowledge of the model input parameters and initial conditions.The results highlight the interest of using model based approaches for the estimation of agronomic variables. Forcing LAI data into the crop model allows compensating for the lack of detailed knowledge on management practices or soil characteristics. However, error and frequency of LAI observations may have an important impact on the estimation of agronomic variables, particularly for the early growth stages. In these conditions, an empirical approach, based on the calibration of a relationship between LAI at a given stage and the agronomic variable, provides an efficient alternative, though the validity of empirical relationships depends greatly on the database on which they have been obtained. 相似文献
9.
叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)是监测作物生长状况的重要参数,准确、快速、大面积估算LAI不仅有助于更好地监测农作物,而且也有助于其在建模、总体作物管理及精准农业中的应用。本研究为了利用国产遥感影像快速、大面积反演冬小麦LAI,以GF-1/2影像作为数据源,提取常用植被指数,结合不同生育期(起身期、拔节期、开花期)实测LAI数据,建立反演冬小麦LAI的单变量和多变量经验模型,并对其进行验证。结果表明,GF-1起身期、GF-1拔节期以及GF-1开花期提取的植被指数中,MSR(modified simple ratio)、GNDVI(green normalized difference vegetation index)、EVI(enhanced vegetation index)与LAI间的相关系数最大,分别为0.708、0.671和0.743,说明这些植被指数与冬小麦LAI间的相关性较显著;GF-1不同生育期的反演模型相比,基于拔节期GNDVIGF-1建立的二次多项式模型和基于开花期EVIGF-1、GSRGF-1(green simple ratio)、NDVIGF-1(normalized difference vegetation index)建立的PLSR(partial least squares regression)模型R2最大,均为0.783,PLSR模型的RMSE小于二次多项式模型,说明该多变量模型的稳定性优于单变量模型;同一个生育期不同影像相比,基于GF-2的NDVIGF-2建立的二次多项式模型和基于NDVIGF-2、MSRGF-2、SAVIGF-2(soil-adjusted vegetation index)建立的PLSR模型精度高于基于GF-1的2种模型,R2分别为0.768和0.809;不同生育期反演的LAI分布图表明,LAI反演值与实测LAI值基本吻合。以上研究结果说明国产高分辨率遥感影像在农作物生理参数反演中有一定的应用价值,可以为以后的相关研究提供一定的参考。 相似文献
10.
玉米和大豆LAI高光谱遥感估算模型研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
以ASD FieldSpec光谱仪实测了不同生长季的大田玉米、大豆的冠层高光谱与作物的叶面积指数LAI。采用单变量线性与非线性拟合和逐步回归分析的方式,建立了玉米、大豆LAI高光谱遥感估算模型,并对模型的估算结果进行了初步分析。分析结果表明,绿光波段反射峰区、红光波段以及近红外区的单波段反射率与作物的LAI有较强的相关性,而其他波段的反射率与作物的LAI的相关性相对较弱;以高光谱的窄波段构造的NDVI和RVI与作物的LAI的相关程度高,回归模型的预测水平高;而以多波段逐步回归方式构造的统计模型的预测效果最好。 相似文献
11.
A Reid experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil moisture on growth of two mustard cultivars using classical and functional techniques of growth analysis. Two soil moisture levels were irrigated at 10-day intervals and a rainfed control was included. Total dry matter (TDM), leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area duration (LAD) were significantly increased by irrigation at most of stages of growth. Starting from a lower value, LAI and LAD reached a peak and then gradually declined. Among the growth attributes, crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area ratio (LAR) and leaf weight ratio (LWR) increased significantly under irrigation. Net assimilation rate (NAR) decreased more in the irrigated plants than the rainfed plants at the later stages of growth. LAR and LWR declined throughout with increasing time and plant weight. Seed yield of the irrigated plants was positively correlated with the pre-flowering LAI and the post-flowering CGR and NAR. In the rainfed plants, seed yield was positively correlated with LAI and CGR at the post-flowering stage and negatively with the post-flowering NAR and pre-flowering LAR. 相似文献
12.
利用高光谱技术估测大豆育种材料的叶面积指数 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
叶面积指数(LAI)是反映田间作物长势及产量潜力的重要参数,规模化育种要求及时、快速、无损地获取大量育种材料的田间生长信息。本研究利用52份大豆品种(系)的2年田间试验,在盛花期(R2)、盛荚期(R4)及鼓粒初期(R5)测定大豆冠层反射光谱,同步测定大豆LAI和地上部生物量(ABM)。结果表明,不同生育期LAI与冠层光谱在可见光波段(426~710 nm)均表现显著负相关(P0.05),在近红外波段(748~1331 nm)均表现为显著正相关(P0.05)。根据文献已报道的植被指数与LAI的线性相关性分析,NDVI和RVI类型的植被指数能够较好地指示大豆LAI,进而在全光谱250~2500 nm范围内涵盖上述两种类型的植被指数,经对建立的大豆LAI线性与非线性模型综合评价,遴选出不同生育期敏感植被指数的最优估测模型。其中,R2期RVI(825,586)所建模型(y=0.03x1.83)、R4期RVI(763,606)所建模型(y=0.38e0.14x)及R5期RVI(744,580)所建模型(y=0.06x1.79)的预测表现最好,决定系数(R2)分别为0.677、0.639和0.664,相对标准误(RRMSE)均小于20%;模型验证的决定系数(R2*)分别为0.643、0.612和0.634,均根方误差(RRMSE*)约20%。进而发现针对LAI和ABM的RVI共性核心波段组合为R2期的825 nm和586 nm、R4期的763 nm和606 nm以及R5期的744 nm和580 nm。本研究结果可望为大豆规模化育种中获取大量不设重复试验材料的田间长势信息提供快速无损预测的技术支持。 相似文献
13.
Diagnosis tool for plant and crop N status in vegetative stage: Theory and practices for crop N management 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The environmental constraints to agriculture imply that nitrogen (N) fertilizer management should be adjusted to crop N requirements determined by target yields. Nowadays for environmental and economical reasons target yield of farmers can be lower than the potential crop yields as permitted by soil and climatic conditions. So it is important to provide farmers crop N status diagnostic tools in order to decide the rate and the timing of N fertilizer applications. Theory on crop N uptake and allocation allows the determination of a diagnostic tool, the Nitrogen Nutrition Index, based on the determination of the critical N dilution curve for each crop species considered. During the vegetative growth period of all the crop species studied, including C3 and C4 species and monocots and dicots, plant N concentration decreases monotonically as crop grows because of (i) the ontogenetic decline in leaf area per unit of plant mass, and (ii) the remobilisation of N from shaded leaves at the bottom of the canopy to well illuminated leaves at the top. NNI appears then as an indicator well connected with the physiological regulation of N uptake at canopy level. So this indicator can be used as the basis for determination of crop N nutrition status, and then for decision making on the necessity of an N application for achieving target yield. Nevertheless despite its high physiological relevance, NNI cannot be used directly in farm conditions because its determination is very time consuming. So it is necessary to develop indirect methods for NNI estimation through more operational procedures. Several methods have been proposed in literature, such as nitrate concentration in sap or chlorophyll meter. But the calibration or validation of these methods with NNI have not been always made and, when they have been, they did not give univocal relationships, showing a strong dependence of the relationship with cultivar and environment, that limits considerably the relevance of such diagnostic tools in a large range of situations. Easier to use is the indirect estimation of crop NNI by remote sensing measurements. This method allows the estimation of both actual crop mass, through LAI estimation and crop N content, through crop chlorophyll content. The possibility to have repeated estimations of crop NNI during the period of vegetative growth would allow a dynamic diagnostic tool of crop N status. The coupling of indirect measurements of crop N status with dynamic models of crop growth and development should allow a very promising method for crop N diagnostics for decision tools in N fertilization. 相似文献
14.
Ho-Young Ban Dana Sim Kyu-Jong Lee Junhwan Kim Kwang Soo Kim Byun-Woo Lee 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2015,18(4):265-272
It would be preferable to use a reliable crop growth model for studies on climate change impact assessment. The objectives of this study was to evaluate simulation performance for two maize models, including CERES-Maize and IXIM models, included in the DSSAT model (version 4.6) in terms of phenology and yield. Two early maturing cultivars, Chalok#1 and Junda# 6, were grown under controlled environment in plastic houses at Suwon, Korea. Each cultivar, which was sown at four different date in 2013 and 2014, was subjected to four sets of temperature conditions including ambient (AT), AT+1.5°C, AT+3°C, and AT+5°C. In simulations of phenology under given conditions, the anthesis date and grain filling ratio were underestimated, especially when temperature was unusually high, e.g., in 2013. The maize models also had poor accuracy in grain yield, which resulted from the fact that these models had relatively large errors in simulation of kernel number and kernel weight under elevated temperature conditions. In addition, both models were not able to simulate the drastic decrease of kernel number due to heat stress around flowering periods. These results indicated that two maize models would need improvements in simulation of crop response to supra-optimal temperature before they would be used to assess the impact of the climate change on maize yield. This studies merits further study to improve algorithms in phenology simulation at supraoptimal temperature. 相似文献
15.
评价全球气候变化对我国玉米生产的可能影响 总被引：54，自引：6，他引：54
利用我国玉米带１２个有代表性地点的作物、土壤和天气资料，验证了ＣＥＲＥＳ－Ｍａｉｚｅ在我国的适用性，确定了各地有代表性品种在模型中的遗传参数，还对模型进行了敏感性分析，之后，将ＣＥＲＥＳ－Ｍａｉｚｅ在各地当前气候以及在３中由平衡ＧＣＭｓ生成的气候变化情景下分别运行，通过分析与比较模拟结果，评价了当ＣＯ２倍增时，气候变化国各地玉米产量和灌溉需要量的可能影响，对Ｃ煌直接影响也做了考虑。还应用若干农业气 相似文献
16.
利用MODIS数据的增强型植被指数和陆地表面温度数据,反演得到湖南省逐月的改进型增强植被指数和温度状态指数,并与临近气象台站的综合气象干旱指数进行相关性分析,选取适宜的权重因子建立干旱状态指数(DCI)遥感干旱监测模型,并对其划分了遥感干旱等级。将此模型应用到2013 年6—9 月湖南旱情的监测中,该模型能较好地反映全省旱情的时空演变特征以及旱情的演变情况。该模型一定程度上削弱了云层的影响,在湿润的南方地区的农作物长势监测、作物估产和灾损评估等方面具有重要的应用前景。 相似文献
17.
D. M. Hegde 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1988,160(5):296-302
Analysis of growth and yield of watermelon in relation to irrigation and N fertilization carried out at the Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, during 1983–84 and 1984–85 indicated that frequent irrigations when the soil matric potential at 15 cm depth reached -25 kPa resulted in maximum dry matter accumulation and distribution, leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), net assimilation rate (NAR) and crop growth rate (CGR) leading to higher fruit yield as compared to irrigations at -50 and -75 kPa. Imposing a stress of -75 kPa either during pre-flowering or flowering or fruit development phase adversely affected various growth parameters resulting in reduced yield as compared to that irrigated uniformly at -25 kPa. Increasing levels of N fertilization increased the dry matter accumulation and distribution through higher LAI, LAD and CGR and contributed larger proportion of the dry matter to fruits resulting in higher fruit yield. 相似文献
18.
基于遥感技术的气象因素变化影响水稻单产定量研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以黑龙江省五常市为研究区域，应用在水稻移栽期至成熟期选择的系列MODIS影像反演NDVI，通过NDVI间接反演LAI，并逐日拟合水稻全生育期的LAI，结合SIMRIW模型，计算研究区域2006年低温影响下的水稻单产。经演算，水稻单产值为5411．74kg／hm^2，是实际值的84％。研究结果表明应用高时间分辨率MODIS图像能够准确反演并拟合逐日LAI，可以为冷害影响下水稻单产的研究提供参考。 相似文献
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The important enzyme in nitrogen (N) assimilation, nitrate reductase (NR), is an inducible enzyme influenced by many external (light, temperature, etc.) and internal (genotype) factors. The efficiency of the N assimilation system may vary with genotype and season. In the present study, the effects of season on NR activity in relation to N accumulation in maize plants were investigated. Six different cultivars of maize, namely Ganga-11, Deccan-103, Hi-starch (hybrids), Arun, Manjari and Vijay (composites), were sown during the monsoon (88-day crop duration) and in winter (150-day crop duration). In vivo NR activity in the last fully expanded leaf (LFEL), and the N contents of the whole plant and the LFEL were estimated at seven phenological growth stages. Three different states of N metabolism in maize, namely (i) low NR activity per unit leaf area per unit time coinciding with high accumulation of N, (ii) high NR activity coinciding with low N accumulation, and (iii) low NR activity coinciding with low N accumulation, were noted. These results clearly demonstrate that the relationships between N uptake and accumulation parameters change with the season and crop growth stage and are subject to a genotypic influence. Thus it is necessary to evaluate genotypes under similar environments to select a genotype with high N use efficiency. As these relationships are growth dependent, care must be taken to evaluate them at a particular phenological stage rather than on the basis of days after sowing. 相似文献