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1.
鸡传染性贫血病毒是鸡传染性贫血病的病原体,能引起雏鸡贫血、淋巴组织萎缩、出血及免疫抑制,是导致许多疫苗免疫失败及雏鸡死亡的主要原因之一。该病毒在世界范围内广泛存在,是养鸡业潜在的巨大威胁。近年来的研究表明,鸡传染性贫血病毒主要是通过其编码的凋亡素诱导雏鸡胸腺和骨髓中的造血祖细胞凋亡而致病的,而凋亡素诱导细胞凋亡的能力与其在细胞中的核定位及半胱氨酸蛋白酶(caspase)等因素密切有关。文章就鸡传染性贫血病毒生物学特征、诱导细胞凋亡的现象及机制的研究进行了综述。 相似文献
2.
Owoade AA Oluwayelu DO Fagbohun OA Ammerlaan W Mulders MN Muller CP 《Avian diseases》2004,48(1):202-205
Sera samples from seven poultry farms in southwest Nigeria consisting of 7 broiler, 10 pullet, 1 layer, 1 cockerel, and 1 broiler breeder flocks were tested for the presence of chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) antibodies using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Eleven of the 20 flocks (55%) and six out of seven (86%) farms were positive for CIAV antibodies. The seroprevalence largely depended on the age of the flocks. Seroprevalence was higher within the older pullet and layer flocks (83%-100%) than in the younger broiler flocks (0%-83%). In essence, all flocks older than 6 to 8 wk became infected. This is the first report of serologic evidence of CIAV in Subsaharan Africa. Since Southwest Nigeria is the main port of entry of imported chicken and the hub of major poultry breeders, the disease can probably be found throughout the country and beyond. Further studies are necessary to assess economic losses due to CIAV and the cost benefit of countermeasures. 相似文献
3.
A serologic survey in unvaccinated broiler parent and broiler progeny flocks demonstrated seroconversion against chicken infecrious anemia virus (CIAV) in all parent flocks before or around point of lay and in 38% of the broiler flocks examined at slaughter age. The presence of CIAV antibodies at slaughter of broilers was positively correlated with slaughterhouse condemnation rates. Results indicate that CIAV infections are highly prevalent in both broiler parent and broiler flocks and that CIAV infections in broilers are associated with increased slaughterhouse condemnation. 相似文献
4.
Barbour EK Hamadeh SK Bejjani NE Faroon OM Eid A Sakr W Bouljihad M Spasojevic R Safieh-Garabedian B 《Veterinary research communications》2001,25(6):437-447
The humoral immunity, spleen and thymus weight indices, lymphocyte count in the thymus cortex, and granuloma diameter at vaccination sites were assessed in four differently immunopotentiated groups of meat chicken breeders. Breeders in the first two groups were given a killed Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE) vaccine subcutaneously at 15 and 19 weeks of age. Breeders in the third and fourth groups were left unvaccinated. Breeders in the first group were further immunopotentiated with zinc and thymulin. Each bird in the first group was given the immunopotentiators intraperitoneally in a volume of 0.1 ml at intervals of 3 days for a period of 3 weeks, starting at 15 weeks of age. At each time, each bird in the first group received thymulin (10 ng) and ZnCl2 (1 mol/L), using a carboxymethyl cellulose carrier, totalling 90 ng thymulin and 9 mol of ZnCl2 per bird. Each bird in the first three groups was challenged orally with 6.7×106 cfu/ml of highly virulent SE organisms, at an age of 22 weeks. The first group, which had received zinc and thymulin, had the earliest and highest humoral immune response to SE (p<0.05). This was observed at 2 and 4 weeks after the first vaccination. In addition, the first group had the highest mean thymus weight index, and the highest mean lymphocyte count in the thymus cortex. No significant difference was observed between the first two vaccinated groups in the mean granuloma diameter developed at the two vaccination sites 48 h after administration of the vaccine (p>0.05). 相似文献
5.
本文旨在研究母体日粮低能量对后代肉仔鸡生长性能、胴体品质及肉质的影响.试验选用低脂系肉种鸡120羽,随机分成2组,每组60个重复,每个重复1羽,即单笼饲养.在肉种鸡产蛋期产蛋率达到5%进行试验处理,试验分试验组和对照组,试验组代谢能量为对照组的80%孵化后的肉仔鸡按照母体不同能量处理各挑选健康仔鸡,在相同的试验条件下进行饲养,试验期为56 d.结果表明:1)与对照组相比,母体日粮低能量有降低1日龄肉仔鸡体重的趋势,对全期日增重和料重比影响不显著(P＞0.05);2)与对照组相比,母体日粮低能量对后代肉仔鸡胸肌和腿肌的水分、脂肪和蛋白质含量,胸肌率和腹脂率均无显著影响(P＞0.05),但显著增加腿肌率(P＜0.05);3)与对照组相比,母体日粮低能量对后代肉仔鸡胸肌和腿肌的pH、红度、黄度、滴水损失和蒸煮损失均无显著影响(P＞0.05),但pH、红度和黄度值有升高趋势,滴水损失和蒸煮损失有降低趋势,胸肌和腿肌剪切力显著降低(P＜0.05);4)与对照组相比,母体日粮低能量显著提高后代肉仔鸡胸肌和腿肌肌纤维密度(P＜0.05),显著降低后代肉仔鸡胸肌和腿肌肌纤维直径(P＜0.05).本试验的研究结果表明:母体日粮低能量对后代肉仔鸡的胴体品质及肉质能产生一定的影响. 相似文献
6.
大豆黄酮对母鸡蛋品质及后代仔鸡肉品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文旨在研究添喂大豆黄酮对母鸡蛋品质及后代仔鸡肉品质的影响.试验选取产蛋后期肉种鸡480只,随机分为2组,每组设8个重复.试验组在基础日粮中添喂10 mg/kg的大豆黄酮,第5周后收集种蛋,每组随机取30枚做蛋品质分析,剩余种蛋按正常程序孵化,出雏后饲养至63日龄,宰杀取肌肉做肉品质分析.结果表明母鸡饲喂大豆黄酮后,蛋壳厚度和蛋壳比重分别增加了0.03 mm(P ＜ 0.01)和0.45%(P ＜ 0.05);蛋白的Haugh单位增加了4(P ＜ 0.05);入孵蛋出雏率和受精蛋出雏率分别降低了11.5%和8.3%(P ＜ 0.05).添喂大豆黄酮对后代仔鸡生长无显著影响,但显著降低了雌仔鸡肌肉比重和肌肉的蒸煮损失率(P ＜ 0.05),显著降低雄仔鸡肌肉的滴水损失率(P ＜ 0.05);显著增加胸肌黄度(P ＜ 0.05);但对腿肌的快慢肌纤维比例、纤维密度以及快慢肌纤维的横截面积均无显著影响(P ＞ 0.05).以上结果提示10 mg/kg剂量的大豆黄酮应慎用于种蛋禽上,而在商品蛋禽上则具有良好的应用前景. 相似文献
7.
The performance and mortality of similarly managed parent flocks of Hybro Normal and Hybro Giant meat poultry was compared. The overall daily egg production at 6–9 months of age was insignificantly greater in the Hybro Normal compared to the Hybro Giant parents (p>0.05). The Hybro Normal parents had a significantly higher average daily egg production (56.08%) compared to that of the Hybro Giant parents (52.03%) during their sixth month of age, one month before the production peak (p<0.05). The Hybro Giant parent-males had a significantly higher average daily mortality during the sixth and seventh months of age compared to the parent males of the Hybro Normal breed (p<0.05); however, the females of the Hybro Normal parents had a significantly higher daily mortality during the sixth month of age compared to the Hybro Giant parent females (p<0.05). The percentage hatchability was significantly lower in eggs collected from the Hybro Giant birds compared to those collected from the Hybro Normal birds during the sixth and ninth months of age.The mean live weights at 45-days old of five flocks of Hybro Normal offspring was 1535 g compared to a mean live weight of 1870 g of five similarly managed flocks of the offspring of the Hybro Giant birds (p<0.05). The feed conversion by the offspring of both breeds was not significantly different (p>0.05). The mean percentage lameness in the five flocks of the offspring was 2.34% for Hybro Normal and 9.26% for Hybro Giant (p<0.05).In summary, the overall performance of the Hybro Normal parent stock was superior to the Hybro Giant breeders regarding egg production and hatchability of their eggs; however, the weight gain of the Hybro Giant broiler flocks was superior to that of the Hybro Normal, but this was associated with a higher incidence of lameness. 相似文献
8.
Paracox anticoccidial vaccine was administered to a 7-day-old flock of commercial broiler breeder stock subsequently reared to point-of-lay in the same house. For comparison, three subgroups of another flock of broiler breeders were also vaccinated with Paracox at 7 days of age, reared to 42 days and then transferred to new litter on another farm until point-of-lay. The first subgroup received no further treatment, but the second and third each received a second vaccination with Paracox, either immediately after transfer to the new litter or 42 days after transfer. Using an Eimeria necatrix model, protective immunity was demonstrated by virulent challenge of samples of birds from all groups by the age of 37–40 days (30–33 days after the first vaccination), and was maintained to at least 122–125 days of age, whether the birds remained on the same litter or were transferred to another farm, and whether they received one or two anticoccidial vaccinations. Therefore, there is no disadvantage in transferring birds onto new litter 35 days after a single Paracox vaccination, nor is there any advantage in giving a second vaccination after such a transfer. Vaccinated birds seeded the new litter with oocysts, despite being clinically immune to coccidiosis. A supplementary laboratory experiment showed that birds vaccinated at 8 days of age passed almost no oocysts after a second vaccination at 43 days of age. This indicated that they were not only protected against clinical coccidiosis, but were almost solidly immune to a homologous infection 5 weeks after a single vaccination. Nevertheless, oocysts appeared in the litter of all four groups of commercial breeders throughout the trial, showing that wild-type heterologous infections occurred whether the birds were transferred to new litter or not, but these did not overwhelm the acquired protective immunity and cause clinical coccidiosis. 相似文献
9.
为了了解鸡传染性贫血病病毒（CIAV）和J亚群禽白血病病毒（ALV-J）对AA肉种鸡鸡胚和1日龄雏鸡的感染情况,试验直接从山东省3个不同AA肉种鸡场的鸡胚和1日龄雏鸡的肝、脾、肾、胸腺、骨髓、法氏囊等组织（器官）提取DNA,进行了PCR扩增及PCR产物的克隆和序列测定。结果显示,被检的3个肉种鸡场的鸡胚和1日龄雏鸡体内均有这2种病毒核酸的检出,其中CIAV的阳性率是20.42%,ALV-J的阳性率是15.83%,二者共感染的阳性率是6.25%;在阳性检出率中弱雏〉死胚〉健康雏〉正常胚。病毒核酸在各感染组织（器官）的含量也有所差异,CIAV以脾的含量最多,ALV-J以肾的含量最多。对肝进行细菌分离鉴定时发现,3个鸡场还存在大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和霉形体的混合感染。结果提示,在AA肉种鸡鸡胚和雏鸡体内存在CIAV、ALV-J的感染和二者的共感染以及继发性大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和霉形体的混合感染。 相似文献
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11.
Seven chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) isolates were obtained from seven broiler flocks with poor performance in two states of Brazil. All isolates induced thymus atrophy, bone-marrow aplasia, and low hematocrit values when inoculated into 1-day-old susceptible chicks. The CIAV isolates were resistant to treatment with chloroform and were able to pass through 50-nm-pore-size filters. CIAV-specific antigens could be demonstrated in tissues of experimentally infected chicks using a monoclonal antibody specific for CIAV. These characteristics of the virus and the virus-induced lesions demonstrate that CIAV is present in Brazil and that the virus is associated with production problems. 相似文献
12.
用地高辛标记的核酸(DNA)探针对江都、连云港、苏州、无锡等地3个市县9个养鸡场(户)随机取样,采集106份样品,分别为12日龄～60日龄的肉鸡、蛋鸡的胸腺、法氏囊和脾脏组织,抽提DNA检测CIAV感染情况。鸡传染性贫血病毒阳性鸡只22份,阳性率为20.7%,各鸡场阳性率从5%到50%不等。结果表明,在江苏省的一些地区鸡群中CIAV的感染已非常普遍,有的地区甚至十分严重,控制该病的发生已刻不容缓。 相似文献
13.
鸡传染性贫血病毒的分子生物学及其核酸检测技术 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
鸡传染性贫血 (CIA)是鸡的重要的免疫抑制性疾病之一 ,以引起雏鸡再生障碍性贫血和全身淋巴组织萎缩为主要特征。鸡传染性贫血病毒 (CIAV)主要引起鸡骨髓成红细胞和胸腺皮质的成淋巴细胞溶细胞感染 ,继而导致贫血和免疫抑制。该病毒在世界范围内广泛存在 ,是养鸡业潜藏的巨大威胁。文章从 CIA的危害、基本控制方法、病原的基因组及其所编码的蛋白质的功能、疾病的诊断等方面的最新进展进行了综述 ,重点介绍了病原的分子生物学研究进展及其核酸检测技术 ,并对 CIAV的研究前景进行了展望 相似文献
14.
禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒感染性引起的鸡群免疫抑制 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
1999年8月，江苏省泰安州市某AA肉用型鸡父母代种鸡群呈现生长缓慢，鸡新城疫疫苗免疫注射后HI效价不高及多发性腹膜炎，心包炎等免疫抑制性症状，55日龄时，随机从4只患鸡采集血浆样品接种鸡胚成纤维细胞，7d后在间接荧光抗体反应中均对网状内皮增生病病毒（REV）的单克隆抗体11A25呈强阳性反应，结果表明，该鸡各的免疫抑制状态主要由REV的早期感染及其持续发现毒血症所引起。 相似文献
15.
鸡贫血因子病局部粘膜免疫功能变化的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用鸡贫血病毒感染１日龄ＡＡ雏鸡,以未感染同龄ＡＡ雏鸡的对照,在感染后７,１４,２１,２８,３５,４２,４９日龄检测其哈德尔腺及盲肠扁桃体Ｔ细胞和ＩｇＧ＾＋、ＩｇＭ＾＋、ＩｇＡ＾＋抗体生成细胞数量,泪液,气管液、肠液中ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＡ含量的动态变化。 相似文献
16.
Davidson I Kedem M Borochovitz H Kass N Ayali G Hamzani E Perelman B Smith B Perk S 《Avian diseases》2004,48(1):108-118
The impact of chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) infection on commercial chicken flocks in Israel was examined by analyzing flocks with or without typical CIAV signs, signs of other diseases, or apparently healthy flocks. In 23 flocks (broilers and layers) of ages up to 8 wk, typical signs of CIAV infection (stunting, gangrenous dermatitis, and secondary bacterial infections) were recorded. When permitted by flock owners, in several cases among these 23 flocks the morbidity, mortality, and performance parameters were recorded; the presence of CIAV was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR); and the antibody status of parents and broilers was measured. In addition, total mortality, number of birds sold, total kilograms of meat sold, density (kg/m2), mean age at slaughter, daily growth rate in grams, total kilogram of food consumed, food conversion rate, and the European Index were calculated. We also surveyed flocks affected by other diseases, such as tumors, respiratory diseases, or coccidiosis, and flocks with no apparent clinical signs. The latter flocks were negative by CIAV-PCR, indicating that typical CIAV clinical signs are associated with one-step PCR-CIAV amplification. However, a small amount of CIAV might still be present in these flocks, acting to induce the subclinical effects of CIAV infection. These data indicate a link between the presence of virus sequences and typical CIAV signs and strengthen the concept that CIAV infection has a negative economic impact on the chicken industry. 相似文献
17.
建立并利用鸡白细胞介素18(Chicken interleukin-18,ChIL-18)荧光定量RT-PCR方法,对禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒(Reticuloendotheliosis virus,REV)感染肉鸡后主要免疫器官的IL-18 mRNA转录水平进行了初步研究.结果表明,与对照组相比,处理组脾脏、胸腺和法氏囊中IL 18的分泌水平在感染后7和14 d均显著升高(P＜0.05),在感染21、28、35和42d表达差异均有显著变化(P＜0.05).本研究为探讨REV感染的免疫抑制机理奠定了一定基础. 相似文献
18.
发酵葡萄渣对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响及安全性评价试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了评价葡萄渣经发酵处理后,应用于肉仔鸡的有效性和安全性,试验选用AA肉仔鸡40只,分为2组,每组20只,试验组饲喂含10％发酵葡萄渣的肉仔鸡配合饲料,对照组饲喂含5％棉粕和5％菜粕的肉仔鸡配合饲料,试验期为42 d.结果表明：与对照组相比,试验组日增重提高7.43％ （P＜0.05）,料重比降低4.19％（P＜0.05）,死淘率为0;肤色、肌肉pH值、肌肉组织弹性、肌肉气味、器官湿重、清烹肉汤鉴定指标、品尝评价均无异常;试验组血红蛋白显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）,其余血液常规指标均无显著差异（P＞0.05）;试验组总胆红素、γ-谷氨酰氨转肽酶均极显著低于对照组（P＜0.01）,碱性磷酸酶、肌酐、尿酸显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）,其余血液生化指标均无显著差异（P＞0.05）;肌肉安全性方面：各组均未检测出有害微生物和有害寄生虫,所检测出的有害微量元素含量也都在国家标准规定值内,并远低于规定值,且试验组指标低于对照组.试验结果说明发酵葡萄渣应用于肉仔鸡是安全、有效的. 相似文献
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20.
The current study was planned to develop an efficient vaccine against hydropericardium syndrome virus (HSV). Currently, formalin-inactivated
liver organ vaccines failed to protect the Pakistan broiler industry from this destructive disease of economic importance.
A field isolate of the pathogenic hydropericardium syndrome virus was adapted to chicken embryos after four blind passages.
The chicken embryo-adapted virus was further serially passaged (12 times) to get complete attenuation. Groups of broiler chickens
free from maternal antibodies against HSV at the age of 14 days were immunized either with 16th passage attenuated HSV vaccine
or commercially formalized liver organ vaccine. The antibody response, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was significantly
higher (P < 0.05) in the group immunized with the 16th passage attenuated HSV vaccine compared to the group immunized with liver organ
vaccine at 7, 14, and 21 days post-immunization. At 24 days of age, the broiler chickens in each group were challenged with
103.83 embryo infectious dose50 of pathogenic HSV and were observed for 7 days post-challenge. Vaccination with the 16th passage attenuated HSV gave 94.73%
protection as validated on the basis of clinical signs (5.26%), gross lesions in the liver and heart (5.26%), histopathological
lesions in the liver (1.5 ± 0.20), and mortality (5.26%). The birds inoculated with liver organ vaccine showed significantly
low (p < 0.05; 55%) protection estimated on the basis of clinical signs (40%), gross lesions in the liver and heart (45%), histopathological
lesions in the liver (2.7 ± 0.72), and mortality (35%). Birds in the unvaccinated control group showed high morbidity (84%),
mortality (70%), gross (85%), and histopathological lesions (3.79 ± 0.14) with only 10% protection. In conclusion, this newly
developed HSV vaccine proved to be immunogenic and has potential for controlling HSV infections in chickens. 相似文献