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A. Bolay 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1956,62(6):322-324
Summary In October 1956 apothecia, belonging toPezicula malicorticis (Jackson)Nannfeldt (=Neofabraea malicorticis
(Cordley) Jackson), the perfect stage of the parasite known in plant pathology literature asGloeosporium perennans, have been found on naturally infected appletrees in Druten and near Deest (Land van Maas en Waal) and on appletrees at Wageningen, which had been inoculated with mycelium ofG. perennans in October 1955. The apothecia occurred as well on the surface of the bark as in old conidial fructifications; they were sessile, clearly convex, bright-yellow under moist conditions and brownish when old or dry. The diameter of the apothecia was 0,4–1,6 mm. As many as 100 apothecia were found on a square cm. It is put forward that the formation of the apothecia has been favoured by the very wet weather of the preceding summer.
Ingénieur agronome aux Stations fédérales d'essais agricoles, Lausanne (Suisse). 相似文献
Ingénieur agronome aux Stations fédérales d'essais agricoles, Lausanne (Suisse). 相似文献
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P. Trematerra 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》1995,68(3):69-73
Attracticide method (lure and kill) was used to controlEphestia kuebniella Zeller males by using laminar dispensers (2 cm × 2 cm), baited with 2 mg of Z9E12-14Ac (TDA), and treated with 5 mg of cypermethrin. These applications combining the pheromone with the insecticide proved particularly effective.Encouraging results were obtained by using attracticide applications in flour mills at 220–280 cubic metre intervals. Attracticide formulations were found to have more intense sublethal and lethal effects if combined with triangular-shaped silhouettes as a sign stimulus. 相似文献
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马铃薯块茎蛾是马铃薯上重要的世界性害虫,会对马铃薯造成毁灭性的危害,该害虫目前已成为影响马铃薯产业发展的重要因素.化学农药的过度使用造成了马铃薯块茎蛾的抗药性增强,使用单一的化学防治并不能对该虫进行长久有效的控制.因此,近年来生物防治逐渐引起了研究人员的重视.本文从马铃薯块茎蛾的天敌种类、昆虫病原物、昆虫性信息素和植物... 相似文献
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Vahideh Alipour 《国际虫害防治杂志》2018,64(4):365-371
Potato tuber worm, Phothorimae operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a common pest of potato which causes a heavy loss in yield either in fields or storage. The effect of six potato cultivars (Agria, Florida, Impala, Picasso, Satina, and Sprint) were evaluated on the life history, life table and demographic parameters of P.operculella under laboratory conditions, which could be appropriate indices in resistance and susceptibility evaluation of potato cultivars. The longest development time was on Picasso (28.76 ± 0.36d) cultivar. The male longevity ranged from 4.83 ± 0.44d on Sprint to 7.45 ± 0.60d on Picasso. Impala and Satina with 53.22 ± 7.78 and 28.74 ± 3.54 eggs/individual had the highest and the lowest net reproductive rates (R0). The highest values for the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and finite rate of increase (λ) were on Impala (rm: 0.119 day?1, λ: 1.75 day?1), and the lowest value was on Sprint (rm: 0.090 day?1, λ: 1.01 day?1). The results indicated that Sprint was the most resistant cultivar for the feeding of P.operculella, which could be useful in the development of integrated pest management programs for this pest. 相似文献
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Abstract A fruit‐damaging insect on apple in the Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh has been identified as the apple fruit moth/miner, Argyresthia conjugella Zeller, a common pest of apple in Asian, European and American countries. It seems to be native to India, where its primary host, the sorb tree, Sorbus aucuparis Linn. is present. Studies on the distribution and extent of damage during 1983 and 1984 revealed that the pest was distributed in the Kinnaur district at altitude between 2445 to 2900 m and in yearly isotherms of 0 to 10° C. The damage varied from zero to above 50%. Its spread to other apple growing areas of the state is unlikely due to unsuitable agroclimatic conditions. 相似文献
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为明确一点缀螟Paralipsa gularis(Zeller)在云南省德宏州玉米田的发生情况,采用五点取样法在连片种植的夏玉米田块对一点缀螟为害情况进行调查,用随机抽样法研究其在玉米田秸秆和当年仓储的玉米果穗中越冬情况,并观察其形态特征、生活史及生物学特性。结果表明,一点缀螟在德宏州每年发生2~3代,以老熟幼虫在玉米秸秆和果穗中越冬,其中主要以第2代幼虫进行为害,玉米果穗平均被害率达24.3%。一点缀螟雌蛾体长及翅展分别为18.7 mm和30.2 mm,雄蛾分别为13.6 mm和28.2 mm;雌、雄蛾前翅外缘末端均有6个小黑点,雌蛾前翅中央有1个黑斑,雄蛾有2个黑斑;卵为散产,椭圆形,长、宽分别为0.6、0.4 mm;幼虫初为乳白色,大龄渐变为灰黑色,老熟幼虫体长25.9 mm。在室内条件下,一点缀螟的发育历期为52.5 d,其中卵期、幼虫期、蛹期、成虫期分别为7.5、26.4、10.0、8.6 d。 相似文献
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室内测定了从云南分离的7株球孢白僵菌对马铃薯块茎蛾幼虫的毒力,结果表明,在接菌孢子浓度为105个/mL和107个/mL下,接种后7d马铃薯块茎蛾幼虫累积死亡率分别为23.3%～70.0%和33.3%～86.7%,添加吐温80的清水对照死亡率仅为3.3%。筛选出毒力较高的Bb7001、Bb7004、Bb8001 3个菌株,其中菌株Bb8001对马铃薯块茎蛾幼虫的毒力最高,在孢子浓度1×105、1×107个/mL下,第7天的累计死亡率分别为70.0%和86.7%,其毒力回归方程Y=0.366X+3.409(R=0.956),剂量效应LC50=2.24×104个/mL,孢子浓度107个/mL下的LT50为4.3d。测定了毒力较高的菌株与12种农药的生物相容性,结果表明在供试农药推荐用量及其101、00倍稀释液下,球孢白僵菌Bb7001、Bb7004、Bb8001的3个菌株孢子在含所选农药的营养液中生物相容性良好的农药有:苏云金芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂(Bt)、10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂、2.5%菜喜悬浮剂及松毛虫病毒可湿粉剂,可配伍使用;而阿维菌素、农安、卡死克、抑太保对球孢白僵菌有很强的抑制作用,应避免配伍使用。 相似文献
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The potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is one of the most important pests of potato, Solanum tuberosum L., worldwide. We evaluated six Beauveria bassiana strains with potential for control of larvae. Strain SD was the most virulent, causing up to 98% mortality 10 days after inoculation of first instars. The other tested strains (HL, XJ, SC, JL and GZ) were only marginally virulent compared to the controls. In cage trials, SD strain applied to potato plants significantly reduced the survival of tuberworm larvae. Our results suggest that strain SD may be recommended for effective biological control of P. operculella. 相似文献
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P. S. Nielsen 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》2001,74(3):85-88
The efficacy of an atmosphere with a high content of carbon dioxide under a pressure of 5 and 10 bar against young eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lep.: Pyralidae) and adults of Stegobium paniceum (L.) (Col.: Anobiidae) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Col.: Cucujidae) was investigated. At a pressure level of 10 bar, a 100% mortality in eggs of E. kuehniella was obtained after 4 hours. Complete control was not obtained with the adult beetles, except for a 2 hour-treatment at 10 bar with individuals of S. paniceum, which not were offered protection. It is demonstrated that when working with an atmosphere of carbon dioxide under pressure of 10 bar for 2 hours, even a slight protection from food material will influence the mortality. The reason for these findings are discussed. 相似文献
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P. S. Nielsen 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》2001,82(1):85-88
The efficacy of an atmosphere with a high content of carbon dioxide under a pressure of 5 and 10 bar against young eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lep.: Pyralidae) and adults of Stegobium paniceum (L.) (Col.: Anobiidae) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Col.: Cucujidae) was investigated. At a pressure level of 10 bar, a 100% mortality in eggs of E. kuehniella was obtained after 4 hours. Complete control was not obtained with the adult beetles, except for a 2 hour-treatment at 10 bar with individuals of S. paniceum, which not were offered protection. It is demonstrated that when working with an atmosphere of carbon dioxide under pressure of 10 bar for 2 hours, even a slight protection from food material will influence the mortality. The reason for these findings are discussed. 相似文献
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The effects of ratio between sex pheromone components, pheromone dose in the dispenser, aging of dispenser in the field, and trap type on trapping efficiency of males of the peach twig borer,Anarsia lineatella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), were investigated. To attract males, the optimal ratio between pheromonal components in a binary blend containing (E)-5-decenyl acetate (E5-10:Ac): (E)-5-decenol (E5-10:OH) was 72:28 or 83:17. Dosages of 7 or 0.7 mg of the binary blend containing E5-10:Ac: E5-10:OH (72:28) were equally effective in attracting males. The effect of aging of dispenser (Israeli dispensers, loaded with 7 mg pheromone) in the field on trapping efficiency was moderate. Captures in traps baited with 4-week-old septa did not differ from those in traps baited with 1-week-old septa. The fairly slow loss of attractancy exhibited by rubber septa indicates that septa may be used for at least 4–5 weeks. At high population levels, the nonsticky IPS trap was significantly more effective in capturing males than the sticky Pherocon 1C trap; at low populations, however, the Pherocon 1C trap was better. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Sex pheromones of the potato tuber moths Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) and Symmetrischema tangolias (Gyen) are ideal tools to monitor pest flight activity but are not used as means of control. The aim of the present study was to test the suitability of an attract‐and‐kill strategy consisting of pure pheromones and the contact insecticide cyfluthrin as the active ingredient, formulated with plant oils and ultraviolet absorbers, and applied in droplet sizes of 100 µL. RESULTS: Cyfluthrin at a concentration of 5 g L?1 resulted in the highest and fastest killing of males after 48 h, with a 100% mortality after 3–4 days. In contrast, control males survived for 13 days. In olfactometer experiments, the pheromone concentration of 0.5 g L?1 was significantly most attractive against eight virgin females. At controlled conditions (20 °C), no reduction in efficacy of the attract‐and‐kill formulation was observed for a minimum period of 36 days, whereas under natural environmental conditions the efficacy reduced gradually after day 6 of exposure. The longer the droplet was exposed, the longer was the time to reach 100% mortality of males. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with attract‐and‐kill studies for other pest species, the results are promising as a means of achieving highly effective control of potato tuber moths under field conditions. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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中国的沙暴、尘暴及其防治 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13
沙尘暴在进入 90年代以来有进一步加剧趋势 ,其原因在于此期我国西北地区气候干暖化态势明显 ,人类超负荷开发资源加剧 ,从而导致沙尘暴的频繁发生 ,但总体上仍属于正常的灾害现象。我国沙暴只能发生于干旱半干旱区 ,尘暴则可波及半湿润与湿润区 ,由此而论 ,北京的沙尘暴属于尘暴范畴 ,北京不会形成沙漠区。防治沙尘暴必须采取水、土、植被综合防治措施 ,基本对策是 :1 .搞好流域为单元的水土资源合理利用规划 ,进行水土保持综合防治 ;2 .增加地表植被复盖 ,搞好防护林体系建设 ;3 .减轻土地利用强度 ,恢复提高土地抗蚀能力 ;4.加强管理体系建设 ,依法建设生态环境。建议国家设立水土保持为主要职能的生态环境建设委员会 ,统一协调布署我国的生态环境建设工作。 相似文献
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生物除草剂研发现状及其面临的机遇与挑战 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
杂草危害是农业生产中最主要的生物灾害之一,人类已建立起以化学防除为主体的杂草防除技术体系。化学除草剂大量使用引起了许多生态问题。生物除草剂技术是解决这一困境的途径之一。迄今已经开发出20余个生物除草剂产品。但是,由于受到生物除草剂产品的局限性和与化学除草剂比较经济效益的影响,生物除草剂的市场规模仍然有限。不过,世界许多国家和地区均制定出有利于生物除草剂技术发展的相关政策。文章回顾了我国近年来在生物除草剂研发方面取得的显著进展,分析了存在的差距及其原因,提出了对策和建议。 相似文献
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森林健康与森林病虫害科学防控的浅析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
森林健康是现代林业的经营理念,本文分析了森林健康与森林病虫害的各种关系,阐述了森林病虫害可持续控制的策略和措施,以促进森林健康的质量,实现森林病虫害的科学防控。 相似文献