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1.
基于ITS序列和RAMS标记分析青枯雷尔氏菌的遗传多样性* 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
应用ITS序列和RAMS技术对福建省不同地域,不同寄主作物的青枯雷尔氏菌进行遗传多样性研究。结果表明,供试的21株青枯雷尔氏菌的ITS区序列有3种类型,这3种类型菌株的ITS序列只有1-2个碱基的差异,与参比菌株GMI1000的ITS区序列或者相同或者有1-2个碱基的差异。在此基础上,利用RAMS技术进一步分析表明,供试的青枯雷尔氏菌及参比菌株GMI1000的基因组DNA间存在丰富的多态性。聚类结果显示,供试菌株可聚为3个类群,同一寄主作物的菌株聚在同一类群中,同一地理来源的菌株聚在同一亚类群中,说明青枯雷尔氏菌的遗传分化与寄主作物和地理来源都存在相关性,与寄主作物的关系更密切。 相似文献
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谷子是我国北方重要的杂粮作物，纹枯病是造成谷子减产的重要限制性因素之一。为探究谷子纹枯病病原种类，明确其生物学特性，本研究采集山西太谷区的谷子病样，采用组织分离法对病原物进行分离，采用牙签接种法通过柯赫氏法则进行致病性验证；结合病原菌的形态特征、菌丝融合群和rDNA-ITS序列对病原菌进行种类鉴定。在不同温度、光照、pH值、碳源、氮源条件下，采用十字交叉方法测量菌落直径，并观察后期菌核产生情况，明确纹枯病菌的生物学特性。形态学鉴定结果表明，该病原菌菌落白色，具有隔膜，呈直角分枝，基部稍缢缩，后期可产生菌核，初步鉴定为立枯丝核菌；分离的4个菌株的菌丝融合群均鉴定为Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HG-Ⅲ融合群；菌株的ITS序列与已报道的Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HG-Ⅲ（IBRS02）相似度达到99%。综合上述形态特征、融合群、rDNA-ITS序列和系统进化树分析，该病原菌被鉴定为R. solani AG-4 HG-Ⅲ。致病性测定结果表明，该病原菌对谷子具有较强的致病性，且对水稻、小麦、高粱等均具有致病性。生物学特性研究结果表明，病原菌在马铃薯葡萄糖... 相似文献
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本文对33株枯草芽孢杆菌群菌株进行β-甘露聚糖酶活性筛选,其中的32株具有β-甘露聚糖酶活性,只有1株无β-甘露聚糖酶活性。通过基因克隆测序的方法获得33株枯草芽孢杆菌群菌株β-甘露聚糖酶基因编码区全序列,对酶基因进行同源性分析并构建系统发育树;在β-甘露聚糖酶基因系统发育树中,33株枯草芽孢杆菌群菌株聚为3个分支,分别是枯草芽孢杆菌分支、地衣芽孢杆菌分支和解淀粉芽孢杆菌分支;枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和解淀粉芽孢杆菌β-甘露聚糖酶基因种内同源性大于91％,而种间同源性为60％～69％。 相似文献
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从河南省具有地域代表性的5个不同地区分离小麦黑胚病原菌Alternaria spp.菌株17株,经形态鉴定主要为链格孢属两个近似种A.alternata和A.tenuissima.通过与GenBank中登录的链格孢属中的9个种的rDNA-ITS序列比较分析,发现所有供分析菌株具有很高的同源性,其中与6个小孢子种A.alternata、A.tenuissima、A.mali、A.gaisen,A.citri、A.arborescens同源性为98%～100%,在聚类图上成为一支,而3个大孢子种A.radicina、A.porri和A.solani聚为另外一支,可明显地与其它小孢子种区分开.通过对Alternaria 58个菌株的rDNA ITS序列分析发现,同一个种或相似种内不分地域范围和寄主都有很高的保守性.与小孢子种相比,3个大孢子种在位点97-171、365-402、443-490处具有各自的特异位点,所以这些序列有可能作为它们分类鉴定、分子标记及系统发育的重要依据.分析结果表明,ITS1-5.8S-ITS2序列分析只能验证小麦黑胚病菌形态学鉴定的结果,但不能用于链格孢近似种的分类鉴定. 相似文献
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为筛选巨大口蘑菌丝生长的最优培养基,从采集自云南临沧的野生口蘑子实体中分离获得菌株YAASM4295,利用形态学与ITS序列分析的方法对其进行分类学鉴定;并以不同的无机盐为基础,通过单因素试验,各筛选出2种大量元素和微量元素,采用L9(34)正交试验设计,分析4种无机盐及其正交组合对该菌菌丝生长的影响。结果表明,采集到的菌株为巨大口蘑,供试无机盐对其菌丝生长在不同程度上均有促进作用,其中0.1 mg·m L~(-1)MgSO_4、0.1 mg·m L~(-1)K_2HPO_4、0.05 mg·L~(-1)CoCl_2、0.05 mg·L~(-1)Mn Cl_2对该菌生长与生长势的促进作用最大,且与其它处理相比达到了极显著水平。4种无机盐协同作用对该菌菌丝生长影响的大小依次为Mg SO4CoCl_2MnCl_2K2HPO4;最佳组合为0.2 mg·m L~(-1)Mg SO4+0.1 mg·m L~(-1)K_2HPO_4+0.01 mg·L~(-1)MnCl_2+0.01 mg·L~(-1)CoCl_2。综上,该野生巨大口蘑菌株在各无机盐培养基组合之间的菌丝生长速度差异极显著,不同组合间有明显的交互作用,这为其优质栽培提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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由丁香假单胞菌(Pseudomonas syringae pv.averrhoi)引起的杨桃(Averrhoa carambola)细菌性斑点病是杨桃生产上的重要病害.本研究利用细菌16S～23S rDNA间的内源转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer ITS)序列通用引物Ll(5'-AGTCGTAACAACGTAGCCGT-3')和L2(5’-GTGCCAAGGCATCCACC-3’)扩增参试菌株的基因组DNA;并对其PCR产物进行克隆测序,经多重比对分析后设计出杨桃细菌性斑点病菌的特异性引物PsaveF(5'-CTTATCGACGACTCAGCTGCG-3’)和PsaveR(5’-TCATGCGTTGATCGTCAGGATC-3').此引物可以从杨桃细菌性斑点病菌基因组DNA中扩增出373bp的特异性片段,而其余参试的细菌无扩增条带,该引物检测的灵敏度可达10 pg,且可从自然发病的杨桃组织中扩增出特异性条带.表明该方法可以应用于杨桃细菌性斑点病的快速、灵敏、可靠的检测.此外,本研究对多种病原细菌的ITS序列进行比对分析,发现该病菌与核果树细菌性溃疡病菌Pseudomonas syringae pv.morsprunorum是近源种.该检测技术对杨桃细菌性斑点病害的控制有一定的实用意义. 相似文献
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红树内生细菌AiL3菌株鉴定及其胞外抗菌活性物质特性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
红树（Acanthus ilicifolius）内生细菌AiL3菌株通过形态学观察、生理生化特征测定及16S rDNA序列分析鉴定为解淀粉芽胞杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）。菌株培养滤液经有机溶剂萃取和硫酸铵沉淀分析发现,硫酸铵沉淀物具有抑菌活性,说明AiL3菌株产生的抗菌活性物质可能是蛋白类物质。该蛋白粗提液对芒果炭疽病菌（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides）、黄瓜枯萎病菌（Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum）等8种植物病原菌均有较强的拮抗作用;对芒果炭疽病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发的EC50分别为9.32和5.81μg/mL,当提取物浓度为20.33μg/mL时,可导致芒果炭疽病菌分子孢子的消解。 相似文献
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蔓枯病是当前危害瓜类的主要病害,但是蔓枯病菌(Didymella bryoniae)病原学研究还非常落后,关于该菌功能基因的研究报道还较少。为了建立聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)介导的甜瓜蔓枯病菌原生质体遗传转化体系,本研究利用带有潮霉素B磷酸转移酶(hph)基因的质粒pSGate1为载体,通过PEG(分子量3350)介导的融合法转化蔓枯病菌株ZJDB32。将病菌分生孢子于PDB培养液(200g/L马铃薯煎汁,20g/L葡萄糖)内震荡培养20h,然后收集产生的幼嫩菌丝,在10mg/mL lysing enzyme+5mg/mL driselase酶液内28℃酶解3h,每克湿菌丝能产生3.8×107个原生质体。PEG介导融合转化pSGate1至D.bryoniae原生质体,每毫克ZJDB32的DNA转化效率最高能得到1230个转化子。结果表明,20个代表性的ZJDB32的转化子继代4次后其潮霉素抗性、生长速率、产孢量和致病性与野生型都没有明显变异,这些转化子可以进一步用于相关功能研究。因此,该转化体系的建立为甜瓜蔓枯病菌功能基因的深入研究提供了基础资料。 相似文献
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玉米内生芽胞杆菌的抗菌活性物质及其拮抗玉米大斑病菌机理的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了研究生防菌株对玉米大斑病菌的抑菌作用,深化对生防菌抗菌机制的认识,本研究从玉米(Zea mays)植株体内分离拮抗玉米大斑病菌(Setosphaeria turcica)的内生细菌,对其抗菌物质及其抑菌机理进行初步研究。结果表明,所分离的内生菌株YY1经形态学观察、生理生化测定及16SrDNA序列分析,鉴定为枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。菌株YY1发酵液的硫酸铵沉淀物具有抑菌活性,且在硫酸铵50%饱和度时抑菌活性最强,说明YY1菌株产生的抗菌活性物质可能是蛋白类物质。该菌株及其蛋白粗提液均对禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)、苹果轮纹病菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)、灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)、玉米弯孢霉叶斑病菌(Curvularia lunata)等7种植物病原真菌有较强的拮抗作用。用蛋白粗提液处理菌丝、分生孢子、原生质体后经显微观察发现,大斑病菌的基内菌丝由丝状畸变为串珠状,当蛋白粗提液浓度为0.78μg/μL时,可完全抑制分生孢子萌发,并导致原生质体裂解。通过抑制孢子萌发过程中信号途径相关基因的半定量RT-PCR分析和玉米大斑病菌不同信号途径相关基因突变体的抑制率统计,初步判定该抑菌过程主要通过cAMP信号转导途径发挥作用。本研究为寻找玉米大斑病菌新的防治方法和途径提供基础资料。 相似文献
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Arthrobacter sp. AG1菌株降解土壤中阿特拉津研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在阿特拉津浓度为50mg/kg干土的黄棕壤、潮土和红壤接种1.5×106CFU/g干土的降解菌Arthrobacter sp. AG1,10天后土壤中的阿特拉津分别降解至1.5、6.6和10mg/kg干土。阿特拉津的降解速率受到土壤性质的影响,但AG1仍能在不满足其生长繁殖要求的pH值的土壤中有效降解酸性土壤中阿特拉津;土壤中水分含量对降解效果影响较大,>20%时降解效果较好;土壤低含水量和低pH值会导致AG1降解阿特拉津的活力下降。不同的接种量对降解效果有一定影响,但105～107CFU/g干土接种量的AG1都能有效发挥降解作用。AG1降解完土壤中的阿特拉津后,在土壤含水量分别为5%和15%的情况下能长期保持降解活性,对60天后第2次施入黄棕壤和潮土中的50mg/kg阿特拉津4天时降解效率在65%以上。 相似文献
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Rhizoctonia solani causes worldwide losses in numerous crops. Sclerotia of R. solani remain viable for several years in soil and are an important source of primary infection. In this study the effect of soil incorporation of Kraft pine lignin, a side product of the paper industry, on viability of R. solani AG1-1B sclerotia was investigated. The efficacy of lignin was assessed in a sandy loam (Oppuurs) and a silt loam soil (Leest) collected from commercial fields in Belgium. Evaluating sclerotial viability after 4 weeks incubation in the two soils amended with 1% (w/w) Kraft pine lignin demonstrated a soil-dependent effect. In Leest soil the addition of lignin resulted in a significantly reduced sclerotial viability, together with an increased mycoparasitism by Trichoderma spp.; in Oppuurs soil, on the other hand, only a slight and insignificant reduction in sclerotial viability was observed. Based on phospholipid fatty acid analysis, different changes in microbial community structure upon lignin amendment were detected in the two soils. Both amended soils showed a significant increase in Gram negative bacteria. In Leest soil this increase was accompanied with a significantly higher increase in fungi and actinomycetes compared with Oppuurs soil. In addition, Kraft pine lignin resulted in both soils in a small but significant increase in manganese peroxidase activity and this increase tended to be higher in Leest soil. Manganese peroxidase produced by lignin-degrading basidiomycetes has previously been shown to degrade melanin, which protects the sclerotia against biotic and abiotic stress. We hypothesize that lignin-degrading fungi increased the susceptibility of the sclerotia to sclerotial antagonists such as Trichoderma, Gram negative bacteria and actinomycetes. Clearly, the effect observed here did not rely on the stimulation of one microbial group, but is the result of an interaction of different groups. 相似文献
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Yaquelin Nerey Sarah Van Beneden Alexander Jimenez Lidcay Herrera 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(5):797-803
Calcisol, ferralsol and vertisol soils, representative of different bean production areas of Villa Clara province in Cuba, were selected to determine the impact of soil type on bean hypocotyl rot severity caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG4 HGI (isolate CuVC-Rs7). In inoculated autoclaved soil, hypocotyl rot was most severe in calcisol soil, followed by ferralsol soils and then vertisol soils. In inoculated natural soils, disease severity was lower in vertisol and calcisol soils and higher in ferralsol soil, indicating that biological factors are suppressing or stimulating the pathogenic efficiency of R. solani. Native binucleate Rhizoctonia AGF, Sclerotium rolfsii and R. solani AG 4 HGI were isolated from bean plants grown in natural calcisol, vertisol and ferralsol soils, respectively. Subsequent studies about the interaction between these fungi and R. solani indicated that they were involved in the variability of disease severity caused by R. solani. The addition of R. solani AG4 HGI (isolate CuVC-Rs7) into each autoclaved soil inoculated with binucleate Rhizoctonia or S. rolfsii resulted in a reduction of disease severity caused by this pathogen while in soils inoculated with native R. solani AG4 HGI, disease severity increased. Irrespective of fungal interactions, calcisol was always the most disease conducive soil and vertisol the most disease repressive soil. The mechanisms by which native pathogenic fungi could influence disease severity caused by R. solani are discussed. 相似文献
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Disease suppressiveness against Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-1 in cauliflower was studied in two marine clay soils with a sandy loam texture. The soils had a different cropping history. One soil had a long-term (40 years) cauliflower history and was suppressive, the other soil was conducive and came from a pear orchard not having a cauliflower crop for at least 40 years. These two soils were subjected to five successive cropping cycles with cauliflower or remaining fallow in a greenhouse experiment. Soils were inoculated with R. solani AG 2-1 only once or before every crop. Disease decline occurred in all treatments cropped with cauliflower, either because of a decreased pathogen population or increased suppressiveness of the soil. Disease suppressiveness tests indicated that the conducive soil became suppressive after five subsequent cauliflower crops inoculated each cycle with R. solani AG 2-1. Suppressiveness of all treatments was measured in a seed germination test (pre-emergence damping-off) as well as by measuring the spread of R. solani symptoms in young plants (post-emergence damping-off). Results showed that suppressiveness was significantly stimulated by the successive R. solani inoculations; presence of the cauliflower crop had less effect. Suppressiveness was of biological origin, since it disappeared after sterilization of the soil. Moreover, suppressiveness could be translocated by adding 10% suppressive soil into sterilized soil. The suppressive soil contained higher numbers of culturable filamentous actinomycetes than the conducive soil, but treatments enhancing suppressiveness did not show an increased actinomycetes population. The suppressiveness of the soil samples did also not correlate with the number of pseudomonads. Moreover, no correlation was found with the presence of different mycoparasitic fungi, i.e. Volutella spp., Gliocladium roseum, Verticillium biguttatum and Trichoderma spp. The suppressive soil contained a high percentage of bacteria with a strong in vitro inhibition of R. solani. These bacteria were identified as Lysobacter (56%), Streptomyces (23%) and Pseudomonas (21%) spp. A potential role of Lysobacter in soil suppressiveness was confirmed by quantitative PCR detection (TaqMan), since a larger Lysobacter population was present in suppressive cauliflower soil than in conducive pear orchard soil. Our experiments showed that successive cauliflower plantings can cause a decline of the damage caused by R. solani AG 2-1, and that natural disease suppressiveness was most pronounced after subsequent inoculations with the pathogen. The mode of action of the decline is not yet understood, but antagonistic Lysobacter spp. are potential key organisms. 相似文献
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Plants of the Brassicaceae contain glucosinolates, the hydrolysis products of which inhibit the growth of many soil-borne fungi that cause plant disease. However, amending soil with green manures of these plants gives inconsistent control of several soil-borne diseases, including those caused by Rhizoctonia solani. To identify factors that contribute to this inconsistency we investigated, in the laboratory and in pot experiments in the glasshouse, the saprophytic behaviour of R. solani AG2-1 (ZG5) in a sandy soil amended with various green manures. Fresh material from either Brassica napus var. Karoo, B. napus B1, B. napus B2, B. nigra, Diplotaxis tenuifolia (a brassicaceous weed) and the non-Brassicaceae species, oat (Avena sativa) or lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) was used at 10 or 100 g of fresh material kg−1 of dry soil in Lancelin sand. At 100 g kg−1 the volatiles of all green manures reduced the hyphal growth of R. solani, except for B. napus B1. D. tenuifolia at 100 g kg−1 inhibited the growth and sclerotial formation of R. solani. Most green manures at 10 g kg−1, and at 40% water holding capacity, stimulated the growth of R. solani for up to 3 months and increased the activity of other microbes. R. solani infected the brassicaceous plants when growing and colonized the residues mixed with soil at 10 g kg−1. This inoculum increased the severity of damping-off in canola, by 27%. Disease was particularly severe when the green manure species, except D. tenuifolia and oat, were grown in situ and residues returned to the pot from which they came, before sowing canola. There is a potential hazard in applying green manures of Brassica species as their residues can, under certain conditions, support the saprophytic activity of R. solani which increases damping-off in canola sown in the amended soils. 相似文献
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Laura Fernández Bidondo Vanesa Silvani Roxana Colombo Mariana Pérgola Josefina Bompadre Alicia Godeas 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(9):1866-1872
Two indole-producing Paenibacillus species, known to be associated with propagules of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, were examined for their mycorrhization helper bacteria activity at pre-symbiotic and symbiotic stages of the AM association. The effects were tested under in vitro and in vivo conditions using an axenically propagated strain of the AM fungus Glomus intraradices and Glycine max (soybean) as the plant host. The rates of spore germination and re-growth of intraradical mycelium were not affected by inoculation with Paenibacillus strains in spite of the variation of indole production measured in the bacterial supernatants. However, a significant promotion in pre-symbiotic mycelium development occurred after inoculation of both bacteria under in vitro conditions. The Paenibacillus rhizosphaerae strain TGX5E significantly increased the extraradical mycelium network, the rates of sporulation, and root colonization in the in vitro symbiotic association. These results were also observed in the rhizosphere of soybean plants grown under greenhouse conditions, when P. rhizosphaerae was co-inoculated with G. intraradices. However, soybean dry biomass production was not associated with the increased development and infectivity values of G. intraradices. Paenibacillus favisporus strain TG1R2 caused suppression of the parameters evaluated for G. intraradices during in vitro symbiotic stages, but not under in vivo conditions. The extraradical mycelium network produced and the colonization of soybean roots by G. intraradices were promoted compared to the control treatments. In addition, dual inoculation had a promoting effect on soybean biomass production. In summary, species of Paenibacillus associated with AM fungus structures in the soil, may have a promoting effect on short term pre-symbiotic mycelium development, and little impact on AM propagule germination. These findings could explain the associations found between some bacterial strains and AM fungus propagules. 相似文献
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Klaus Pistrick 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2002,49(3):339-339
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Klaus Pistrick 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2002,49(3):339