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1.
为了确定鸡艾美耳球虫（Eimeria）不同种以及来自不同地区同种不同株之间的亲缘关系,研究其分类地位,对实验室保藏的柔嫩艾美耳球虫（Etenella）、毒害艾美耳球虫（Eneeatrix）、巨型艾美耳球虫（Emaxima）、堆形艾美耳球虫（Eaaervulina）等4种15株鸡球虫孢子化卵囊的18SrDNA基因进行克隆、测序,并与从GenBank下载的鸡球虫18SrDNA序列一起,使用软件DNAstar 5．0 MegAlign进行系统发育分析。结果显示,4种艾美耳球虫种间同源性在94．6％～99．4％之间,7株柔嫩艾美耳球虫的株间同源性在99．0％-99．9％之间,5株巨型艾美耳球虫的株间同源性在96．9％～99．8％之间。用该4种鸡球虫的18SrDNA序列与GenBank下载的另外4种鸡球虫18SrDNA序列构建系统发育树,显示这8种鸡艾美耳球虫形成2个分支,即堆形艾美耳球虫（EASH）、巨型艾美耳球虫（EMSH）、变位艾美耳球虫（Emivati）、和缓艾美耳球虫（Emitis）、布氏艾美耳球虫（Ebrunetti）、早熟艾美耳球虫（Epraecox）构成1个分支,柔嫩艾美耳球虫（ENSH）、毒害艾美耳球虫（ETAS）构成另1分支。巨型艾美耳球虫、柔嫩艾美耳球虫各株的系统发育树均根据地域关系产生2个分支。柔嫩艾美耳球虫、毒害艾美耳球虫的亲缘关系较近,不同地理区域的同种不同株的亲缘关系相对较远,种间和种内的鉴定结果与普通生物学结果一致。本研究提示18SrDNA基因可用于鸡球虫不同种／株的分类鉴定,为艾美耳球虫分子遗传学鉴定提供了理论基础。 相似文献
2.
安徽省部分地区鸡球虫种类及感染情况调查 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目的了解安徽省五个县（区）鸡球虫种类及感染情况。方法采用群体采样法分别从个调查点采集新鲜鸡粪，检查粪样。阳性粪样采用饱和盐水漂浮和离心沉淀法进行卵囊分离。显微镜下观察卵囊进行虫种鉴定，并统计各调查点的鸡球虫感染率和感染强度等。结果检查172份鸡的新鲜粪样，得出鸡球虫感染率为100％；共检出7种球虫，经鉴定均隶属于艾美耳属，分别为毒害艾关耳球虫（Eimeria necatrix），堆型艾关耳球虫（E．acervulina），巨型艾关耳球虫（E．maxima），柔嫩艾美耳球虫（E．tenella），和缓艾美耳球虫（E．mitis），哈氏艾美耳球虫（E．hagani）和早熟艾美耳球虫（E．praecox）。结论鸡球虫在安徽省的这5个县（区）普遍存在，且有的调查点感染强度很高。 相似文献
3.
重庆市江津地区鸡球虫种类调查 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
对重庆江津地区 12个养鸡场和 18个养鸡户的鸡球虫感染情况进行调查 ,调查结果显示 ,养鸡场鸡球虫感染多为混合感染 ,一般有 4种以上的艾美耳球虫。本次共检出有 7种艾美耳球虫 ,即 :柔嫩艾美耳球虫 (Eimeriatenella) ,巨型艾美耳球虫 (E.maxia) ,堆形艾美耳球虫 (E.acervulina) ,毒害艾美耳球虫 (E.necatrix) ,布氏艾美耳球虫 (E.brunetti) ,变位艾美耳球虫 (E.mivati)和和缓艾美耳球虫 (E.mitis) ,其致病虫种主要为柔嫩艾美耳球虫、堆型艾美耳球虫和巨型艾美耳球虫 相似文献
4.
犬贾第虫dsRNA病毒的鉴定及特性 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
对分离到的6株犬贾第虫（Giardia cnais)包囊进行核酸分析，在其中1株犬贾第虫核酸的琼脂糖凝胶电泳图谱上观察到1条长度约7.0kb的片段。经鉴定，该核酸不能被DNA酶（100mg/L）降解，对质量浓度低的RNA酶（0.1mg/L)不敏感，但可被质量浓度高的RNA酶（10mg/L）降解。纯化包囊经流氮冻融后，磷钨酸负染，电镜观察发现有球形、直径约为33nm的病毒样粒子存在，包囊超薄切片在胞质中也观察到该病毒样粒子存在。RNA依赖RNA聚合酶活性测定结果表明，该病毒具有RNA依赖RNA聚合酶的活性。犬贾第虫dsRNA病毒核经RT-PCR扩增后得到1条预计扩增大小的片段，将其回收后连接到pMD18-T载体上进行克隆并测序，所得序列仅与蓝氏贾第虫病毒具有较高同源性。 相似文献
5.
临床收集阴道毛滴虫(Trichomonas vaginalis)进行体外纯培养,通过总核酸电泳筛选携病毒株.分别用DNA酶和RNA酶处理携病毒株总核酸后电泳.电镜观察阴道毛滴虫及其病毒粒子.根据已发表的阴道毛滴虫病毒基因序列设计合成1对引物,进行RT-PCR,将其产物连接到pMD18-T载体,进行克隆并测序,通过BLAST在GenBank进行同源性搜索,并用DNAStar分子生物学软件进行分析.用放射自显影测定阴道毛滴虫病毒的RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶(RDRP)活性.结果显示,阴道毛滴虫病毒呈球形、二十面体、直径33 nm.病毒基因组约5.5 kb,病毒核酸不能被DNA酶(100 mg/L)降解,但可被RNA酶(1.0 mg/L)降解,病毒基因组有RDRP活性.经RT-PCR扩增后得到1条1 454 bp的片段,与预计大小基本相符,其序列与阴道毛滴虫病毒T1基因的同源性为82.9%.结果表明,在我国阴道毛滴虫长春分离株发现阴道毛滴虫病毒,该病毒属于dsRNA病毒. 相似文献
6.
新疆阿拉尔某鸡场球虫种类调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了了解阿拉尔市某鸡场鸡球虫种类及感染情况,采用群体采样法分别采集新鲜粪便并检出阳性粪便,对检出的阳性粪便采用饱和盐水漂浮法和离心沉淀法进行卵囊分离;显微镜下观察卵囊、最短孢子化时间、最小潜在期和病理变化,进行虫种鉴定。最后得出该鸡场感染有堆型艾美耳球虫（Eimeria acervulina）、巨型艾美耳球虫（E．maxima）和柔嫩艾美耳球虫（E．tenella）,该鸡场球虫感染严重,且为混合感染。 相似文献
7.
四种鸡球虫卵囊的分离与鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鸡球虫病对养鸡业的危害极大。病原体为鸡艾美耳属球虫。目前公认的9种,以柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)和毒害艾美耳球虫(E. necatrix)致病力最强。巨型艾美耳球虫(E. maxima)和堆型艾美耳 相似文献
8.
安徽合肥市鸡球虫种类及感染情况调查 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
本文采用饱和盐水漂浮、重铬酸钾培养等方法，对合肥市79份鸡的粪样进行了鸡球虫感染情况的检查。结果表明：鸡球虫感染率为62．03％(49／79)。经鉴定，所获7种球虫均隶属艾美耳属，即：毒害艾美耳球虫(Eimeria necatrix)、堆型艾美耳球虫(E．acervulina)、巨型艾美耳球虫(E．maxima)、柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E．tenella)、和缓支美耳球虫(E．mitis)、哈氏艾美耳球虫(E．hagani)和早熟艾美耳球虫(E．praecox)。文中还对鸡球虫与地区、日龄的关系及优势虫种等进行了分析，得出合肥市鸡球虫感染率存在一定的地区性和日龄差异，鸡球虫优势虫种为毒害艾美耳球虫和堆型艾美耳球虫。 相似文献
9.
随机扩增多态性DNA技术对鸡的3种艾美耳球虫的鉴别 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
应用随机扩增多态性DNA技术（RAPD）对寄生于鸡的3种艾美耳球虫：布氏艾美耳球虫、堆型艾美耳球虫、柔嫩艾美耳球虫的基因组DNA进行分析,发现大多数引物对不同种球虫的DNA扩增产物的电泳带存在明显差异,证明RAPD技术可用于同宿主艾美耳球虫虫种的鉴定。 相似文献
10.
复方地克珠利可溶性粉剂抗鸡球虫病效果试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分别以0.5、1.0和1.5mg/L复方地克珠利可溶性粉(以地克珠利有效成分计)饮水,预防鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫人工感染。并用地克珠利可溶性粉(1.0mg/L)饮水、地克珠利(1.0mg/kg)混饲和硫酸新霉素(50.0mg/L,以效价计)饮水为对照。结果发现,复方地克珠利可溶性粉3种浓度饮水均能有效预防鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫人工感染,抗球虫指数均在176.46以上,优于地克珠利混饲给药组。 相似文献
11.
Guillaume Le Loc’h Mariette F Ducatez Christelle Camus-Bouclainville Jean-Luc Guérin Stéphane Bertagnoli 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1)
Implementation of conservation breeding programs is a key step to ensuring the sustainability of many endangered species. Infectious diseases can be serious threats for the success of such initiatives especially since knowledge on pathogens affecting those species is usually scarce. Houbara bustard species (Chlamydotis undulata and Chlamydotis macqueenii), whose populations have declined over the last decades, have been captive-bred for conservation purposes for more than 15 years. Avipoxviruses are of the highest concern for these species in captivity. Pox lesions were collected from breeding projects in North Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia for 6 years in order to study the diversity of avipoxviruses responsible for clinical infections in Houbara bustard. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of 113 and 75 DNA sequences for P4b and fpv140 loci respectively, revealed an unexpected wide diversity of viruses affecting Houbara bustard even at a project scale: 17 genotypes equally distributed between fowlpox virus-like and canarypox virus-like have been identified in the present study. This suggests multiple and repeated introductions of virus and questions host specificity and control strategy of avipoxviruses. We also show that the observed high virus burden and co-evolution of diverse avipoxvirus strains at endemic levels may be responsible for the emergence of novel recombinant strains. 相似文献
12.
Characterization of fowl adenoviruses isolated in Ontario and Quebec, Canada 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Davor Ojkíc Peter J. Krell Tams Tuboly va Nagy 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2008,72(3):236-241
Fowl adenoviruses (FAdV) are generally considered ubiquitous, but certain serotypes and strains are known to be associated with primary diseases, such as inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). Fifty-two FAdV isolates were collected from the provinces of Ontario and Quebec over a 4-year period. These 2 provinces have the largest poultry industries in Canada. Except for one virus, which originated from a guinea fowl, all other viruses were isolated from chicken samples. Most of these were from broilers, although some were from broiler breeders, and one was from layer pullets. Thirty-four isolates were from clinical IBH cases with the final laboratory diagnosis of IBH; however, for 18 isolates, the varied case diagnosis was seemingly unrelated to FAdV. All IBH-associated viruses had deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) profiles compatible with FAdV species E (28 cases) or species D (6 cases), and the DNA fragment profiles of 26 species E viruses were indicative of serotype 8. Two viruses were serotype 6, as confirmed by virus neutralization. All species D viruses had a DNA profile similar to that of FAdV-2. The number of serotype 8 virus isolations has increased over the years, and by 2001 serotype 8 had become the dominant serotype in Ontario, and continues to be so. Moreover, this virus (FAdV-8) has shown a strong association with IBH. 相似文献
13.
Yuxuan Song Lei Zhang Xiaorui Liu Mengxiao Niu Jiuzeng Cui Sicheng Che Yuexia Liu Xiaopeng An Binyun Cao 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2019,(3)
Background: Recent studies have revealed that noncoding RNAs play important regulatory roles in the formation of endometrial receptivity. Circular RNAs(circRNAs) are a universally expressed noncoding RNA species that have been recently proposed to act as miRNA sponges that directly regulate expression of target genes or parental genes.Results: We used Illumina Solexa technology to analyze the expression profiles of circRNAs in the endometrium from three goats at gestational day 5(pre-receptive endometrium, PE) and three goats at gestational day 15(receptive endometrium, RE). Overall, 21,813 circRNAs were identified, of which 5,925 circRNAs were specific to the RE and 9,078 were specific to the PE, which suggested high stage-specificity. Further analysis found 334 differentially expressed circRNAs in the RE compared with PE(P 0.05). The analysis of the circRNA-miRNA interaction network further supported the idea that circRNAs act as miRNA sponges to regulate gene expression.Moreover, some circRNAs were regulated by estrogen(E2)/progesterone(P4) in endometrial epithelium cell lines(EECs) and endometrial stromal cell line(ESCs), and each circRNA molecule exhibited unique regulation characteristics with respect to E2 and P4.Conclusions: These data provide an endometrium circRNA expression atlas corresponding to the biology of the goat receptive endometrium during embryo implantation. 相似文献
14.
Meyer H Neubauer H Pfeffer M 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2002,49(1):17-19
In 1995 a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol describing the specific detection of variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, was published by Knight and others. Virulent variola major strains could be differentiated from less virulent variola minor strains because of the distinct amplicon sizes. Here, we applied this PCR protocol to DNA from various orthopoxvirus isolates. There was no amplification with the orthopoxvirus species vaccinia, monkeypox, mousepox, or camelpox viruses. However, amplification was observed in six out of 15 cowpox virus strains investigated. The size of the amplicons corresponded exactly with the size described for variola minor strains and the nucleotide sequence identity accounted for 97%. Findings are discussed with respect to the evolution of orthopoxvirus species assuming that variola virus most probably stems from a rodent-transmitted cowpox virus-like progenitor. 相似文献
15.
Asano KM Gregori F Souza SP Rotava D Oliveira RN Villarreal LY Richtzenhain LJ Brandão PE 《Avian diseases》2011,55(4):697-700
Rotaviruses are the main agents responsible for diarrhea in different animal species and for infantile gastroenteritis. These viruses have been isolated from various avian species and have often been associated with poult enteritis and mortality syndrome. Nevertheless, the knowledge of rotavirus infection in turkeys is scarce. Six group A rotavirus strains obtained from pooled enteric contents of diarrheic turkeys were isolated in MA-104 cell culture and typed as G(6)P(1), a typical bovine rotavirus genotype. Additionally, the electropherotypes showed a migration pattern identical to the Nebraska calf diarrhea virus, and the complete NSP4 gene phylogeny showed that all six strains segregated in the genotype E2. Taken together, these results point toward a cattle-to-turkey rotavirus transmission. As a conclusion, bovine-origin rotavirus can be found in turkeys, and this transmission route must now be considered for the improvement of the health status in turkey farms. 相似文献
16.
C. Spahr T. Knauf‐Witzens T. Vahlenkamp R. G. Ulrich R. Johne 《Zoonoses and public health》2018,65(1):11-29
Hepatitis E is a human disease mainly characterized by acute liver illness, which is caused by infection with the hepatitis E virus (HEV). Large hepatitis E outbreaks have been described in developing countries; however, the disease is also increasingly recognized in industrialized countries. Mortality rates up to 25% have been described for pregnant women during outbreaks in developing countries. In addition, chronic disease courses could be observed in immunocompromised transplant patients. Whereas the HEV genotypes 1 and 2 are mainly confined to humans, genotypes 3 and 4 are also found in animals and can be zoonotically transmitted to humans. Domestic pig and wild boar represent the most important reservoirs for these genotypes. A distinct subtype of genotype 3 has been repeatedly detected in rabbits and a few human patients. Recently, HEV genotype 7 has been identified in dromedary camels and in an immunocompromised transplant patient. The reservoir animals get infected with HEV without showing any clinical symptoms. Besides these well‐known animal reservoirs, HEV‐specific antibodies and/or the genome of HEV or HEV‐related viruses have also been detected in many other animal species, including primates, other mammals and birds. In particular, genotypes 3 and 4 infections are documented in many domestic, wildlife and zoo animal species. In most cases, the presence of HEV in these animals can be explained by spillover infections, but a risk of virus transmission through contact with humans cannot be excluded. This review gives a general overview on the transmission pathways of HEV to humans. It particularly focuses on reported serological and molecular evidence of infections in wild, domestic and zoo animals with HEV or HEV‐related viruses. The role of these animals for transmission of HEV to humans and other animals is discussed. 相似文献
17.
Phylogenetic analysis of SRLV sequences from an arthritic sheep outbreak demonstrates the introduction of CAEV-like viruses among Spanish sheep 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
I. Glaria R. Reina H. Crespo X. de Andrs H. Ramírez E. Biescas M.M. Prez J. Badiola L. Lujn B. Amorena D. de Andrs 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,138(1-2):156-162
Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) cause different clinical forms of disease in sheep and goats. So far in Spain, Maedi visna virus-like (MVV-like) sequences have been found in both species, and the arthritic SRLV disease has never been found in sheep until a recent outbreak. Knowing that arthritis is common in goats, it was of interest to determine if the genetic type of the virus involved in the sheep arthritis outbreak was caprine arthritis encephalitis virus-like (CAEV-like) rather than MVV-like. Alignment and phylogenetic analyses on nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences from SRLV of this outbreak, allowed a B2 genetic subgroup assignment of these SRLV, compatible with a correspondence between the virus genetic type and the disease form. Furthermore, an isolate was obtained from the arthritic outbreak, its full genome was CAEV-like but the pol integrase region was MVV-like. Although its LTR lacked a U3 repeat sequence and had a deletion in the R region, which has been proposed to reduce viral replication rate, its phenotype in sheep skin fibroblast cultures was rapid/high, thus it appeared to have adapted to sheep cells. This outbreak study represents the first report on CAEV-like genetic findings and complete genome analysis among Spanish small ruminants. 相似文献
18.
A review of avian influenza in different bird species 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Alexander DJ 《Veterinary microbiology》2000,74(1-2):3-13
Only type A influenza viruses are known to cause natural infections in birds, but viruses of all 15 haemagglutinin and all nine neuraminidase influenza A subtypes in the majority of possible combinations have been isolated from avian species. Influenza A viruses infecting poultry can be divided into two distinct groups on the basis of their ability to cause disease. The very virulent viruses cause highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), in which mortality may be as high as 100%. These viruses have been restricted to subtypes H5 and H7, although not all viruses of these subtypes cause HPAI. All other viruses cause a much milder, primarily respiratory disease, which may be exacerbated by other infections or environmental conditions. Since 1959, primary outbreaks of HPAI in poultry have been reported 17 times (eight since 1990), five in turkeys and 12 in chickens. HPAI viruses are rarely isolated from wild birds, but extremely high isolation rates of viruses of low virulence for poultry have been recorded in surveillance studies, giving overall figures of about 15% for ducks and geese and around 2% for all other species. Influenza viruses have been shown to affect all types of domestic or captive birds in all areas of the world, but the frequency with which primary infections occur in any type of bird depends on the degree of contact there is with feral birds. Secondary spread is usually associated with human involvement, probably by transferring infective faeces from infected to susceptible birds. 相似文献
19.
Three arthropod‐borne alphaviruses, western equine encephalitis viruses (WEEV), eastern equine encephalitis viruses (EEEV) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses are the aetiological agents of a sometimes severe encephalomyelitis in equines and humans in the New World. With regard to the different ecology and epidemiology of these viruses, a method applied in serological screening should be able to distinguish between them as well as other related members of the genus Alphavirus in the American continent. However, this has been hampered in the past by (a) the close antigenic relationship between alphaviruses in traditional serological assays, especially in the routinely used haemagglutination‐inhibition, and (b) the need of biosafety level 3 facilities to grow the viral antigens. An epitope blocking assay using an EEEV glycoprotein E1‐expressing recombinant Sindbis virus and virus‐specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) binding to the E1 of EEEV (strain NJ/60) and the E1 of Sindbis virus was established using automated flow cytometry. The test was evaluated using sera of infected and vaccinated rabbits. A cut‐off value of 30% inhibition for antigenic complex‐specific seroconversion was found to be sufficient for the detection of the respective infection. By using three different mAbs in parallel, we were able to detect alphavirus genus‐, EEEV‐ and WEEV‐complex‐specific serum antibodies. As this test is based on the inhibition of binding of virus‐specific mAbs, sera of every origin other than mouse can be tested. Thus, this assay may prove useful in the serological screening of a variety of animal species during an outbreak investigation. 相似文献
20.
Pässler S Pfeffer M 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2003,50(6):265-269
Three arthropod-borne alphaviruses, western equine encephalitis viruses (WEEV), eastern equine encephalitis viruses (EEEV) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses are the aetiological agents of a sometimes severe encephalomyelitis in equines and humans in the New World. With regard to the different ecology and epidemiology of these viruses, a method applied in serological screening should be able to distinguish between them as well as other related members of the genus Alphavirus in the American continent. However, this has been hampered in the past by (a) the close antigenic relationship between alphaviruses in traditional serological assays, especially in the routinely used haemagglutination-inhibition, and (b) the need of biosafety level 3 facilities to grow the viral antigens. An epitope blocking assay using an EEEV glycoprotein E1-expressing recombinant Sindbis virus and virus-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) binding to the E1 of EEEV (strain NJ/60) and the E1 of Sindbis virus was established using automated flow cytometry. The test was evaluated using sera of infected and vaccinated rabbits. A cut-off value of 30% inhibition for antigenic complex-specific seroconversion was found to be sufficient for the detection of the respective infection. By using three different mAbs in parallel, we were able to detect alphavirus genus-, EEEV- and WEEV-complex-specific serum antibodies. As this test is based on the inhibition of binding of virus-specific mAbs, sera of every origin other than mouse can be tested. Thus, this assay may prove useful in the serological screening of a variety of animal species during an outbreak investigation. 相似文献