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1.
中国大陆阿根廷滑柔鱼鱿钓渔业CPUE标准化   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
阿根廷滑柔鱼是我国重要的头足类渔业之一,单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)标准化是对其资源进行评估的重要内容.研究根据2000-2010年中国大陆在西南大西洋的鱿钓产量统计数据和卫星遥感获得的海洋环境数据(表温,表温水平梯度,海面高度,叶绿素浓度),利用广义线性模型(general linear model,GLM)和广义加性模型(generalized additive model,GAM)对中国大陆西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼渔业CPUE标准化.GLM模型结果表明,年、纬度、表温以及交互项年与纬度对CPUE影响最大.GAM模型研究结果则表明年、月、经度、纬度、表温、海面高度以及交互项年与纬度、年与经度对CPUE影响较大.根据AIC准则,包含上述8个显著变量的GAM模型为最佳模型,对CPUE的解释率为49.20％.高CPUE出现在夏季表温为12～16℃、海面高度为-20 ～20 cm和46.5° ～48.5°S范围内.研究表明,GAM模型较GLM模型更适合用于西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼渔业CPUE标准化.  相似文献   

2.
阿根廷滑柔鱼(Illex argentinus)是西南大西洋重要的经济性头足类,也是中国大陆鱿钓渔业重要的捕捞对象,掌握其渔场时空分布特性及其与海洋环境之间的关系是合理开发、有效管理资源的基础。本文根据20002010年中国大陆鱿钓渔业在西南大西洋39°2010年中国大陆鱿钓渔业在西南大西洋39°51°S、57°51°S、57°67°W海域的生产统计数据,对西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼中心渔场时空分布及与海洋表层温度(sea surface temperature,SST)的关系进行了研究。结果表明,167°W海域的生产统计数据,对西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼中心渔场时空分布及与海洋表层温度(sea surface temperature,SST)的关系进行了研究。结果表明,15月间,阿根廷滑柔鱼产量及作业次数在纬度方向由南向北逐渐递增,经度方向上由西向东逐渐递增。不同年份间,阿根廷滑柔鱼渔场重心纬度方向上存在显著性差异,而经度方向分布则不存在显著性差异。相关性分析表明,15月间,阿根廷滑柔鱼产量及作业次数在纬度方向由南向北逐渐递增,经度方向上由西向东逐渐递增。不同年份间,阿根廷滑柔鱼渔场重心纬度方向上存在显著性差异,而经度方向分布则不存在显著性差异。相关性分析表明,15月阿根廷滑柔鱼渔场重心纬度、经度的变化与SST之间存在显著相关性,并且渔场重心均随着SST的升高呈现向南和向西移动的趋势。  相似文献   

3.
南极海冰变化会是重要的大尺度环境变化,会对海洋环境及多种生物产生直接或间接影响。南极海冰覆盖范围(Sea Ice Extent)可以作为指示南极海冰变化的指数,本文探究其对西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼(Illex argentinus)渔场的影响。根据2013-2018年1-6月中国鱿钓科学技术组提供的西南大西洋公海渔场阿根廷滑柔鱼捕捞数据、南极海冰覆盖范围数据以及作业渔场5m、55m、95m、195m海水温度数据,以单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)表征资源丰度,本文探究了南极海冰覆盖范围、不同水深海水温度对阿根廷滑柔鱼渔场变动的影响。结果发现,阿根廷滑柔鱼的捕捞量、CPUE、南极海冰覆盖范围与不同深度海水温度均有明显的年间及月间变化。相关分析法表明,南极海冰覆盖范围与CPUE在年间与月间变化上均为正相关;海冰覆盖范围与5m海水温度在年间与月间变化上均为负相关,而与95m海水温度在月间变化上呈正相关。依据频率分布法估算了不同海水深度滑柔鱼各月适宜和最适温度范围,不同深度的各月最适温度范围占渔场总面积比例与海冰覆盖范围呈正相关关系,推测海冰覆盖范围会影响不同深度的栖息地适宜比例,并进一步影响阿根廷滑柔鱼资源丰度。研究表明,南极海冰覆盖范围变化会显著影响阿根廷滑柔鱼渔场内不同水层的水温,进而影响其渔场的分布及资源丰度。  相似文献   

4.
秘鲁外海茎柔鱼资源及渔业开发   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
茎柔鱼广泛分布于中部太平洋的以东水域,是世界重要的经济头足类之一。随着我国对北太平洋柔鱼和西南大西洋滑柔鱼的成功开发,茎柔鱼又成为我国远洋鱿钓渔业一个新的开发对象,是北太平洋和西南大西洋鱿鱼渔业的有利补充,特别是秘鲁外海茎柔鱼资源,应作为发展我国远洋鱿钓渔业的重要目标。  相似文献   

5.
根据2012年1-4月西南大西洋公海鱿钓渔船随机采集的666尾阿根廷滑柔鱼样本,对其鱿钓渔获的群体组成、形态特征、雌雄性比、缠卵腺及性腺发育等渔业生物学进行分析。结果显示：调查期间鱿钓渔业阿根廷滑柔鱼渔获群体胴长为91～351 mm,呈双峰分布,雌、雄性平均胴长分别为243.6 mm 和214.5 mm,雌性个体显著大于雄性;雌雄性比为1.26：1,以雌性个体为主;雌性群体性成熟以Ⅱ期为主（57.9%）,Ⅲ期以上个体为42.1%;雌性性成熟度、缠卵腺发育程度与个体大小密切相关,进一步研究认为缠卵腺长与其重量存在幂函数关系,且雌性性成熟个体缠卵腺指数明显大于未成熟个体;雄性个体性腺随着个体生长逐步发育。根据个体大小和性成熟状况推测,调查期间捕获的阿根廷滑柔鱼群体以南巴塔哥尼亚种群（ SPS）为主,混有少量的夏季产卵（ SSS）群体。  相似文献   

6.
西南大西洋鱿钓作业渔获物——阿根廷滑柔鱼生物学分析   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11  
唐议 《海洋渔业》2002,24(1):14-19
本文通过海上生产调查分析了西南大西洋鱿钓作业渔获物-阿根廷滑柔鱼的生物学特性。结果表明：⑴公海渔场3月前后的渔获物的雌雄比例、性成熟度、盼望生渔获物性成熟个体体长方面都有所不同，据此推测3月前后公海渔场的阿根廷滑柔鱼可能分属两个不同的种群，1-2月以SSS种群的个体为主，3月后则为SPS种群的个体代替；福克兰渔场渔获物的雌雄比例、性成熟度和雌性渔获物成熟个体体长情况表明福克兰渔场的阿根廷滑柔鱼群体和公海渔场3月后的群体同属SPS种群。⑵体重测定的结果表明渔获物的个体大小随时间的推移逐渐变大，生产者应据此在不同的渔汛阶段调整对钓钩和钓线的使用。⑶阿根廷滑柔鱼主要在夜间捕食，尤其以黄昏刚入夜和黎明前为主，生产者应注意对昼夜间生产时间的把握。  相似文献   

7.
分布于西南大西洋阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚200海里水域内外的阿根廷滑柔鱼（通称阿根廷鱿鱼）,渔期为2～8月。据渔业资料显示,2014年度渔期伊始,阿根廷200海里水域内约有57艘阿根廷本国的鱿钓船在作业,阿根廷200海里水域外的公海约有近200艘外国鱿钓船在作业,其中,中国大陆的鱿钓船最多约为140艘,中国台湾和韩国的鱿钓船分别为20～30艘。  相似文献   

8.
陆化杰  陈新军 《水产学报》2012,36(7):1049-1056
根据我国鱿钓船2007、2008和2010年在西南大西洋作业期间采集的3 462尾阿根廷滑柔鱼样本(其中2007年308尾、2008年262尾、2010年2 892尾),利用耳石微结构研究了西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼的日龄、生长和种群结构。结果表明,阿根廷滑柔鱼生命周期大约为1年,渔获物主要由冬生群(6—7月)和秋生群(3—5月)组成,不同年份捕捞群体有差异。不同产卵群体、不同性别的阿根廷滑柔鱼胴长和体质量生长均存在显著性差异。冬生群,雌、雄个体胴长的生长方程分别用指数和线性函数来拟合为最适,体质量生长方程则分别用幂函数和指数函数来拟合最适;秋生群,雌、雄个体的胴长生长方程分别用指数和对数函数拟合为最适,体质量生长方程分别用指数和对数函数拟合为最适。随着日龄增加,阿根廷滑柔鱼胴长和体质量相对生长呈现下降趋势,绝对生长率则呈增加趋势,同一日龄段内,雌性个体的胴长与体质量生长率都稍大于雄性个体生长率。  相似文献   

9.
基于最大熵模型分析西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼栖息地分布   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12  
陈芃  陈新军 《水产学报》2016,40(6):893-902
根据2008—2010年中国鱿钓船在西南大西洋海域得到的生产数据及海洋环境数据(海表面温度,sea surface temperature,SST;海面高度sea surface height,SSH;叶绿素-a浓度,chlorophyll-a,chl.a),利用最大熵模型(Max Ent)分析捕捞主渔汛期间(1—4月)阿根廷滑柔鱼的潜在栖息地分布,同时与实际作业位置相比较,结合海洋环境因子分析不同年份分布差异的原因。模型运算结果显示:阿根廷滑柔鱼潜在分布区域的变化与实际作业位置变动基本一致;南北方向上,2008年和2009年的潜在分布区域较为广泛,而2010年的潜在分布区域较为狭窄,且主要分布在45°S以南的区域。Jackknife检验表明,SST是影响阿根廷滑柔鱼分布的首要环境因子,SST等温线分布可用来表征海流的强弱进而影响阿根廷滑柔鱼的分布,其中12°C等温线可以作为寻找渔场的一个指标。SSH等高线分布及其涡的变化也会影响到阿根廷滑柔鱼分布。chl.a只能间接地反映阿根廷滑柔鱼渔场的分布,不能很好地作为表征其分布的环境因子。研究表明,分析阿根廷滑柔鱼栖息地分布及其差异原因应主要观察SST和SSH的变化。  相似文献   

10.
阿根廷滑柔鱼是我国重要的头足类渔业之一,对其单位捕捞努力量渔获量( CPUE)进行标准化是对其资源评估的重要内容。本研究根据2000～2010年我国在西南大西洋的产量统计数据和卫星遥感获得的海洋环境数据（表温,表温水平梯度,海面高度,叶绿素浓度）,利用广义线性模型（GLM,general linear model）和广义加性模型（GAM,generalized additive model）对其CPUE进行标准化。GLM模型结果表明,年、纬度、表温以及交互项年与纬度对CPUE影响最大。GAM模型研究结果表明,年、月、经度、纬度、表温、海面高度以及交互项年与纬度、年与经度对CPUE影响较大。根据AIC数值,包含上述8个显著变量的GAM模型为最佳模型,对CPUE的解释率为49.20%。高CPUE出现在夏季表温为12～16°C、海面高为-20~20cm、46.5°～48.5°S海域。研究表明,GAM模型较GLM模型更适合用于西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼CPUE标准化。  相似文献   

11.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

12.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

13.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

14.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future.  相似文献   

15.
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos.  相似文献   

16.
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and chemicals in shrimp hatcheries has led to biomagnification and that in turn could lead to rejection of a whole consignment. The application of the bioencapsulation technique as a tool for curative treatment in shrimp larvae was investigated. Herbs having antibacterial properties such as Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia (methanolic extracts) were bioencapsulated in Artemia and fed to Penaeus monodon post larvae PL 1–25. The post larvae were reared in a medium inoculated with pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio sp. Post larvae reared in the non-inoculated water and fed with non-enriched Artemia exhibited 90% survival, highest specific growth rate (12.43%) and reduced bacterial load. P. monodon reared in the bacterial inoculated water and fed with the non-enriched Artemia exhibited the lowest survival (10–30%), specific growth rate (8.42–9.1%) and increased bacterial load (2.86 × 103 to 3.76 × 105 cfu/g). The methanolic extracts of the herbs helped to increase survival and specific growth rate and reduced bacterial load in the P. monodon culture system. Among the three herbal extracts, P. corylifolia enriched Artemia fed post larvae showed the tendency to higher survival (>50%), growth rate (11.5 averaged) and low bacterial load (1.12 × 105 cfu/g). This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

17.
The sea raven, Hemitripterus americanus, is a sit-and-wait, low metabolic rate, marine teleost. The objective of this study was to determine i) whether cortisol implantation (50 mg. kg-1) for 7 days altered hepatocyte metabolism, and hepatocyte responsiveness to epinephrine, glucagon and insulin, and ii) whether 8 weeks of food-deprivation modified the above response. Cortisol implantation significantly increased hepatocyte total glucose production and oxidation from alanine compared to the sham group. There was no cortisol effect on glycogen breakdown, suggesting that the activation of other pathways, including gluconeogenesis, are required to account for the increased glucose production. Epinephrine-mediated (10-5M) glycogen breakdown and insulin-mediated (10-8M) total glucose production were enhanced in hepatocytes of cortisol implanted sea ravens, but there were no change in any glucagon (10-7M) effects. The enhanced glycogen breakdown in the absence of similar increases in total glucose production with epinephrine indicates mobilization of carbohydrate reserves for endogenous use by the liver. Food-deprivation for 8 weeks significantly decreased condition factor, plasma cortisol concentration and liver glycogen content in the sea raven, but had no effect on plasma glucose concentration. Hepatocyte total glucose production and flux rates from alanine increased significantly with food-deprivation. Moreover, food-deprivation increased responsiveness of total hepatocyte glucose production to the actions of glucagon and insulin, but not to epinephrine; none of these effects were modified by cortisol implantation. Our results indicate that cortisol in the sea raven exerts both a direct and an indirect or permissive effect on hepatocyte metabolism by modifying hepatocyte responsiveness to epinephrine and insulin stimulation. Cortisol implantation did not modify the effects of glucagon or food-deprivation in this species.  相似文献   

18.
Important environmental processes for the survival and recruitment of early life stages of pelagic fishes have been synthesized through Bakun's fundamental triad as enrichment, concentration and retention processes (A. Bakun, 1996, Patterns in the Ocean. Ocean Processes and Marine Population Dynamics. San Diego, CA, USA: University of California Sea Grant). This conceptual framework states that from favourable spawning habitats, eggs and larvae would be transported to and/or retained in places where food originating from enrichment areas would be concentrated. We propose a method for quantifying two of the triad processes, enrichment and retention, based on the Lagrangian tracking of particles transported within water velocity fields generated by a three‐dimensional hydrodynamic model. We apply this method to the southern Benguela upwelling ecosystem, constructing putative maps of enrichment and retention. We comment on these maps regarding main features of the circulation in the region, and investigate seasonal variability of the processes. We finally discuss the results in relation to available knowledge on the reproductive strategies of two pelagic clupeoid species abundant in the southern Benguela, anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardinops sagax). Our approach is intended to be sufficiently generic so as to allow its application to other upwelling systems.  相似文献   

19.
This study evaluated the effects of three levels of loading density (200, 300 and 400 g L−1) and four levels of duration (1, 3, 6 and 9 h) on the mortality, plasma cortisol and chloride levels and growth of rohu Labeo rohita fingerlings in a transport simulation. While total immediate mortality was low (4–12%), delayed mortality was high (27–49%). Initial capture and handling were found to constitute the most stressful phase as indicated by elevated plasma cortisol. The levels of cortisol continued to rise at 6 and 9 h after transport, with the highest level observed at 9 h after transport. The level of plasma chloride fell after transport across all density levels and treatment durations. Specific growth rate (SGR, %/day) and total bacterial density (cfu/g) were not different between and within treatments, and between treatments and the controls. This study demonstrates that transport has a profound effect on the stress responses of rohu fingerlings. Although the level of immediate mortality was low, the higher level of delayed mortality has serious implications in terms of production inefficiency for grow-out farmers.  相似文献   

20.
  • 1. The common name ‘tilapia’ refers to a group of tropical freshwater fish in the family Cichlidae (Oreochromis, Tilapia, and Sarotherodon spp.) that are indigenous to Africa and the southwestern Middle East. Since the 1930s, tilapias have been intentionally dispersed worldwide for the biological control of aquatic weeds and insects, as baitfish for certain capture fisheries, for aquaria, and as a food fish. They have most recently been promoted as an important source of protein that could provide food security for developing countries without the environmental problems associated with terrestrial agriculture. In addition, market demand for tilapia in developed countries such as the United States is growing rapidly.
  • 2. Tilapias are well‐suited to aquaculture because they are highly prolific and tolerant to a range of environmental conditions. They have come to be known as the ‘aquatic chicken’ because of their potential as an affordable, high‐yield source of protein that can be easily raised in a range of environments — from subsistence or ‘backyard’ units to intensive fish hatcheries. In some countries, particularly in Asia, nearly all of the introduced tilapias produced are consumed domestically; tilapias have contributed to basic food security for such societies.
  • 3. This review indicates that tilapia species are highly invasive and exist under feral conditions in every nation in which they have been cultured or introduced. Thus, the authors have concluded that, despite potential or observed benefits to human society, tilapia aquaculture and open‐water introductions cannot continue unchecked without further exacerbating damage to native fish species and biodiversity. Recommendations include restricting tilapia culture to carefully managed, contained ponds, although exclusion is preferred when it is feasible. Research into culture of indigenous species is also recommended.
Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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