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1.
A 10-year old male mongrel dog was presented to the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a two-month history of episodic syncope. Twenty-four hr Holter electrocardiographic (ECG) recording revealed frequent episodes of advanced atrioventriculer block with long periods of ventricular asystole. The cause of syncope was determined to be Adams-Stokes syndrome exhibited bradyarrhythmia. After the animal failed to respond to medical therapy, permanent transvenous pacemaker implantation was performed. Postoperative Holter ECG showed 100 beat per min programmed pacemaker rhythm, which indicated successful capture of the artificial pacing. The dog recovered smoothly from the operation and syncopal episodes completely disappeared. Six months after the surgery, no complications were observed and the dog's quality of life has dramatically improved.  相似文献   

2.
An adult female mixed breed dog presented for recurrent collapsing episodes over several weeks. Holter evaluation revealed periods of sinus arrest and echocardiography identified a soft tissue mass with subsequent severe dynamic obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract. The patient was euthanized five days after presentation for severe dyspnea. Necropsy revealed an irregular mass circumferentially lining the left ventricular outflow tract as well as multiple myocardial metastases. The final diagnosis was an undifferentiated pleomorphic endocardial sarcoma.  相似文献   

3.
A 6-year-old castrated male Golden Retriever was diagnosed with severe subaortic stenosis with severe left atrial enlargement and high heart rate due to atrial fibrillation. Treatment with digoxin and diltiazem to control ventricular response rate was initiated. Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring (Holter monitoring) was performed at the beginning of treatment and was repeated to evaluate the patient's response to drug therapy. Drug dose adjustments were made based on response to therapy as assessed by Holter monitoring. The dog experienced sudden death at home 19 days after beginning treatment while wearing the Holter monitor. Analysis of the Holter recording revealed marked increase in number and complexity of ventricular arrhythmias. A ventricular premature complex occurring on a T wave (R on T) was noted preceding the polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. This arrhythmia immediately degenerated into ventricular fibrillation followed by asystole. This case report describes the arrhythmia that preceded cardiac arrest and reviews the risk factors that could have potentiated the fatal arrhythmia in this dog.  相似文献   

4.
A 10-year-old male cairn terrier cross was presented with a history of myxomatous mitral valve disease diagnosed six months previously and with a four-week history of intermittent collapse. On 24 hour electrocardiograph (Holter) analysis, periods of no discernable electrical cardiac activity, which coincided with three collapsing episodes, were identified. Unfortunately, on re-presentation for removal of the Holter monitor, the dog collapsed and died. A post-mortem examination was conducted, and histology of the right and left atrium showed evidence of myocarditis. This is the first reported case, to our knowledge, of collapse because of electrical asystole in a dog with atrial myocarditis.  相似文献   

5.
Of 16 dogs treated medically and surgically for gastric dilatation-volvulus, 11 developed electrocardiographic evidence of ventricular dysrhythmias. Seven of these dogs had ventricular dysrhythmias for the first time during their hospitalization after surgery. The ventricular dysrhythmias included ventricular premature depolarizations, slow ventricular rhythms, paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, and multifocal ventricular tachycardia. Two of these dogs had electrocardiographic evidence of atrial premature depolarizations at the time of hospitalization. Treatment with lidocaine hydrochloride or procainamide hydrochloride was successful in reestablishing sinus rhythm in 9 of the 11 dogs with ventricular dysrhythmias.  相似文献   

6.
Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate whether implantable loop recorders could be used in the diagnosis of unexplained collapse in dogs. Methods : The medical records of six dogs presented to the University of Liverpool Small Animal Teaching Hospital between May 2003 and October 2006 for further evaluation of intermittent syncopal episodes, collapse or episodic weakness, were reviewed. All these dogs underwent standard investigations and had implantable loop recorders placed. Results : A provisional diagnosis of supraventricular tachycardia was made in one dog, and diagnoses of exclusion of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and idiopathic epilepsy was made in two dogs. One dog suffered no further syncopal episodes, a diagnosis was not reached in another dog and the final dog was lost to follow‐up. Clinical Significance : The implantable loop recorder can be used successfully for the diagnosis of unexplained collapse in dogs.  相似文献   

7.
A 9-year-old male neutered Devon Rex cat was presented for continued investigations following a 7-year history of recurrent syncope. Previous diagnostic tests, including 24h (Holter) electrocardiographic monitoring, had failed to identify the aetiology of such episodes, and former empirical treatment with atenolol had not provided satisfactory control of the clinical signs. A conclusive diagnosis was eventually achieved using an implantable loop recorder (Reveal), which identified paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) associated with a syncopal episode. Treatment with oral sotalol was instituted and, 18 months after initiation of anti-arrhythmic therapy, no further syncopal episodes have been observed by the cat's owners.  相似文献   

8.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate plication of the free wall of the left ventricle, which reduces the left ventricular area and volume, as a method to improve the left ventricular systolic function without cardiopulmonary bypass. ANIMALS: 8 mixed-breed adult dogs. PROCEDURE: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) was induced in each dog by administration of doxorubicin (30 mg/m2, i.v., q 21 d for 168 days).Two dogs died during induction of cardiomyopathy. Plication surgery was performed in 4 dogs. Two dogs did not ondergo to surgery (control group). Values for cardiac output (CO), 2-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography, arterial blood pressure, electrocardiography, blood cell counts, and serum biochemical analyses were recorded after induction of DCM (baseline) and 1, 2, 7, 15, 21, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days after plication surgery. Ambulatory ECG (Holter) recordings were conducted for 24 hours on the day of surgery. RESULTS: 1 dog died after plication surgery. The remaining dogs undergoing ventricular plication had a significant improvement in CO, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening and reductions of left ventricular area and volume after surgery. Electrocardiographic and Holter recordings revealed premature ventricular complexes, which resolved without treatment during the first week after surgery. Clinical condition of the control dogs declined, and these 2 dogs died approximately 40 days after induction of cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Plication of the free wall of the left ventricle improved left ventricular systolic function in dogs with doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. Additional studies are needed to evaluate its application in dogs with naturally developing DCM.  相似文献   

9.
Intoxication with the beta2-agonist Albuterol may lead to immediate signs of beta-adrenergic stimulation like excitation, tachypnea and tachycardia. Furthermore, it typically causes severe hypokalemia, which then leads to muscle weakness and which predisposes to ventricular arrhythmias. We describe a dog where albuterol intoxication caused runs of fast paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia that persisted after normalization of the hypokalemia. Based on a markedly elevated serum troponin I level acute myocardial damage was identified as cause of the tachyarrhythmia. Repeated Troponin I measurements and Holter-ECGs were the means to document complete cure.  相似文献   

10.
The case of a 11 year-old mix breed dog is being described. It initially presented for watery diarrhea and inappetence. During the diagnostic workup, the dog developed a sustained ventricular tachycardia. Echocardiography showed a mass extending from the wall of the right ventricle which filled up the ventricle almost completely. Histopathologic examination of the mass after euthanasia of the dog revealed a hemangiosarcoma.  相似文献   

11.
Objectives : To describe the electrocardiographic characteristics of ventricular tachycardia arising from the right ventricular outflow tract and the particular association between this arrhythmia and the presence of localised right ventricular outflow tract enlargement in English bulldogs. Methods : Five English bulldogs were referred with a history of syncope or cardiogenic shock. In all dogs, 12‐lead surface ECG, thoracic radiograph and echocardiography were collected. In all but one dog 24‐hours Holter monitoring and signal‐averaged ECGs was examined and in one dog electrophysiological study and radiofrequency catheter ablation of the VT substrate was performed. Results : Documented arrhythmias included a single sustained monomorphic wide QRS tachycardia in four dogs, and an alternans of two different monomorphic forms in one dog. Mean QRS duration during tachy‐cardia was 91·6 ±9·83 milliseconds. QRS complexes manifested a left bundle branch block morphology and an inferior axis (81 ±13·73°). R wave notching was present in the caudal (inferior) leads in three tachy‐cardias. Lead I was negative in 3 of 6, positive in 1 of 6 and isodiphasic in 2 of 6. Lead aVL was negative in 5 of 6 and positive in 1 of 6. Signal‐averaged electrocardiograms revealed late potentials in three dogs. Echocardiography showed a localised right ventricular outflow tract enlargement in all dogs. Cardiac map‐ping established two sites of origin of ventricular tachycardia within the right ventricular outflow tract in one dog: caudal free‐wall and cranial‐septal. Clinical Significance : The presence of a localised right ventricular outflow tract enlargement and ventricular tachycardia with left bundle branch block morphology could suggest segmental arrhythmogenic right ven‐tricular cardiomyopathy in the English bulldog.  相似文献   

12.
CASE DESCRIPTION-An 8-year-old castrated male German Shepherd Dog was evaluated because of abdominal distension, retching, and vomiting. CLINICAL FINDINGS-Gastric dilatation-volvulus was suspected on the basis of the dog's signalment, history, clinical signs, and results of clinicopathologic analyses and abdominal radiography. Celiotomy was performed, and gastric dilatation-volvulus was confirmed along with splenomegaly. Gastric invagination was performed over an area of gastric necrosis. The dog was reevaluated 21 days later after an episode of collapse. Findings of physical examination and clinicopathologic analyses were suggestive of internal hemorrhage. Abdominal ultrasonography and subsequent celiotomy revealed severe gastric ulceration at the gastric invagination site, splenic torsion, and a focal splenic infarct. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME-Splenectomy and gastrectomy of the necrotic tissue were performed. The dog was discharged from the hospital, and the owner was instructed to administer gastroprotectants and feed the dog a bland diet. The dog was reported to be healthy 3.25 years after surgery. CLINICAL RELEVANCE-Findings suggest that complications associated with the gastric invagination procedure include severe gastric ulceration that may require subsequent surgery. Prolonged treatment with gastroprotectants following gastric invagination surgery may be necessary to avoid gastric ulceration in dogs.  相似文献   

13.
Dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (DLVOTO) is a common condition in cats and humans. In this case report, a dog is described with DLVOTO secondary to severe intra-abdominal hemorrhage caused by a hemangiosarcoma. The dog was a 9-year-old, 35.7-kg, spayed female German Shepard dog that presented with a history of tachypnea and collapse. A Levine II/VI systolic murmur was present at the heart base. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a splenic mass and a large amount of ascites. Echocardiography showed a reduced left ventricular diameter and an increased aortic velocity caused by systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve apparatus. The heart murmur and the SAM were resolved after treatment including a splenectomy and a blood transfusion.  相似文献   

14.
A FOUR-year-old spayed miniature poodle was presented for evaluation because of a chronic cough which had been present from eight weeks of age. The condition had gradually worsened until exercise intolerance, inappetence and abdominal breathing occurred. The dog was thin and weighed only 1.5 kg. Auscultation revealed tachycardia, a normal respiratory rate and wheezing noises - more prominent on inspiration and localised to the cervical portion of the trachea. There was marked inspiratory and expiratory effort. Tracheal sensitivity was moderate and palpation induced a dry hacking cough. Radiography demonstrated mild thickening of the bronchial wall and pulmonary hyperinflation. Expiratory/inspiratory radiographs failed to demonstrate dynamic tracheal collapse. On fluroscopy, substantial changes in tracheal calibre were not apparent. Bronchoscopy was performed and the tracheal lumen was normal up to 12.5 cm from the incisors. At this point, there was lateral tracheal collapse to about 30 per cent. There was dynamic collapse with respiratory effort. The bronchoscope could be passed beyond the narrowing (consisting of five tracheal rings) to a trachea of normal size. No pathogens were found on tracheal lavage. Surgery was undertaken through a midline, ventral approach. Six specially made tracheal ring prostheses were individually inserted around the trachea and inside the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Each prosthesis was sutured in four places to the tracheal ring, to give external support. The dog improved clinically and 11 months after surgery, bronchoscopy was again performed. The trachea was narrowed to approximately 60 per cent but there was no dynamic collapse of the airway. Twenty-seven months after surgery the dog continued to lead a healthy active life.  相似文献   

15.
Five dogs were presented to our institution for fatigue caused by an incessant supraventricular tachycardia. In all dogs, an ECG on admission showed a narrow QRS complex tachycardia with a median ventricular cycle length of 220 ms (range 180–360 ms), and a positive atrial depolarization identifiable in the ST segment following the previous QRS complex. There was a 1:1 atrioventricular conduction ratio in all but one dog, which presented with 2:1 atrioventricular block. Electrophysiologic studies identified the underlying arrhythmogenic mechanism as a right atrial macro-reentrant tachycardia with two distinct isthmic areas: right septal (RS) in three dogs and right atrial free wall (RAFW) in two dogs. Linear radiofrequency catheter ablation was performed during tachycardia in all dogs at the identified isthmic area, which acutely blocked the macroreentrant circuit. At 18-month follow-up, 3 dogs (1 with RAFW isthmus and 2 with RS isthmus) showed no recurrence of the arrhythmia on Holter monitoring. One dog with RS isthmus showed recurrence of the supraventricular tachycardia 15 days post-ablation, and 1 dog with RAFW isthmus presented with persistent atrial fibrillation 2 months post-ablation.  相似文献   

16.
The clinical, radiographic, ultrasonographic, computed tomographic, surgical and histopathological findings in a Boxer dog with retroperitoneal hemangiosarcoma are described in this study. A seven-year-old, male, castrated Boxer dog was referred for evaluation of chronic hindlimb lameness. The physical examination revealed muscle atrophy and sciatic nerve deficits. Radiography and ultrasonography revealed a caudodorsal abdominal mass. Computed tomography revealed that the mass involved the left margin of the L7 vertebra, lumbosacral canal, and lumbosacral plexus. At surgery, a large retroperitoneal haematoma was removed. Histopathology of amorphous tissue found near the haematoma was consistent with haemangiosarcoma. The owner declined any further treatment. Ten weeks after discharge, the dog was euthanatized due to collapse and haemo-abdomen.  相似文献   

17.
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18.
An 11-year-old male Bearded Collie was brought to the Gifu University Animal Medical Centre with a skin mass on the lateral right thigh. Physical examination revealed a 30 × 65-mm oval mass with an alopecic and ulcerated surface. Histopathology of the surgically excised sample confirmed malignant trichoepithelioma. Five months after the surgery, the dog experienced lumbar pain resulting from metastasis to the lumbar vertebrae. Radiation therapy (RT) was performed and it alleviated the lumbar pain. Nine months after the surgery, multiple skin metastases were identified. RT was performed at each occurrence, which reduced the size of each tumour and resulted in a partial response; however, systemic metastasis occurred and the dog died 17 months after the initial surgery. Canine malignant trichoepithelioma is a rare tumour, so an effective treatment has not been determined. Data from our case study indicate that RT has potential for pain control of primary and metastatic malignant trichoepithelioma.  相似文献   

19.
A seven‐year‐old West Highland white terrier was presented for chronic vomiting associated with mild regenerative anaemia and hypoalbuminaemia. Further examination showed a giant polypoid cerebriform mass located in the lesser curvature of the stomach. Partial gastrectomy was performed and histology was consistent with hypertrophic gastritis with typical features of Ménétrier's disease. Five years after surgery, the dog was re‐examined for recurrence of vomiting episodes. Endoscopy showed ulceration of the lesser curvature of the stomach and histological analysis revealed a poorly differentiated superficial gastric carcinoma surrounded by hypertrophic gastritis. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the second time that coexistence of these two types of lesions is reported, suggesting that recurrence of gastritis could be the starting point of the tumoural process.  相似文献   

20.
An 8-year-old crossbreed dog presented after one episode of acute collapse due to rupture of a splenic haemangiosarcoma. Following splenectomy the dog recovered well. Two days after discharge the dog re-presented because of gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) that eventually led to his death. Splenectomy to remove a voluminous splenic tumour may predispose to GDV and dogs may benefit from concurrent prophylactic gastropexy.  相似文献   

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