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1.
黑土接种VA菌根真菌对大豆植株吸磷及固氮的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在黑土中具有土著菌根真菌和根瘤菌的条件下，ＶＡ菌根真菌的菌丝对土壤有较强的亲合力，表现出在缺磷的环境中仍可吸收足够量的磷以维持正常生长，ＶＡ菌根真菌和根瘤菌双接种保持了菌根真菌的侵染优势，接种ＶＡ菌根真菌可增加植株对土壤中磷的吸收，促进根系发达，提高根瘤菌的固氮能力，增强固氮酶的活性，从而使大豆产量显著提高。 相似文献
2.
在大田条件下试验研究了丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)真菌Glomus versiforme Berch及混合菌种[Glomus mosseae Nicolson&Gedermann+Sclerocystis smuosa(Gerd.Bakshi)Almeida ＆ Schenck]对花生与甘薯生长及产量的影响结果表明,供试AM真菌能显著促进花生植株生长健壮,增加单株果数,单位面积产量比对照增加21.3%.接种Glomus versiforme处理的甘薯植株高度和茎叶质量均低于对照,未增加植株生长量和产量;混合菌种处理则提高甘薯的生长量和增加单株薯块数,其单株产量、单位面积产量分别为对照的1.6和1.4倍,表明大田应用时不同作物应采用不同AM真菌. 相似文献
3.
通过温室盆栽试验,研究接种苏格兰球囊霉(Glomus caledonium)条件下添加不同比例发酵牛粪(0.33%、0.50%和1.00%)对苏丹草(Sorghum sudanense)根系丛枝菌根(AM)真菌侵染率、土壤孢子密度、植株生物量与根冠比及根系磷(P)吸收效率的影响。结果发现,与对照相比,接种AM真菌处理植株地上部生物量趋于下降、根冠比显著提高(p<0.05),在此基础上添加0.33%或0.50%发酵牛粪处理土壤孢子密度、植株根系生物量和AM真菌侵染率均趋于升高,根冠比没有明显变化,根系P吸收效率显著提高(p<0.05);添加1.00%发酵牛粪显著提高土壤孢子密度、植株生物量和根系AM真菌侵染率(p<0.05),根冠比与仅接种AM真菌处理相同,根系P吸收效率则达到仅接种AM真菌处理的1.83倍。结果表明,添加1.00%发酵牛粪对苏格兰球囊霉扩繁及其宿主植物P吸收均具有突出促进作用。 相似文献
4.
丛枝菌根真菌对西藏高原固沙植物吸磷效率的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用盆栽方法,就外源菌种、土著菌种(含混合菌种)对固沙植物白草(Pennisetum.flaccidum)生长和吸磷效率的影响进行了研究。结果表明,白草具有较高的菌根依赖性(平均达166.4%);不同AM真菌(或真菌组合)对白草根系均具显著的侵染效应。随菌根侵染率的提高,植株生物量、吸磷量均呈显著增加(相关系数分别为0.7465*、0.6000*);菌根菌丝对白草吸收土壤磷素的贡献十分明显,各接种处理菌根菌丝对植物吸收土壤磷素的贡献量、贡献率分别在3.2～11.6.mg/pot和61.5%～85.3%之间;接种菌根处理植株吸磷量呈Glomus.intraradicesG.mosseae+G.etunicatum+G.intraradices+Scutellospora.erythropaG.mosseae(外源菌种)G.mosseae+G.intraradices+Scutellospora.calosporaG.mosseae-I(土著菌种)G.etunicatum的趋势。此外,不同AM真菌对寄主植物地上部、根部生物量和吸磷量的影响程度明显不同,一般呈地上部根系的趋势,但寄主植物根系的生长速率相对较快;土著菌种中,多菌混合接种对寄主植物的侵染效应明显高于单一接种。 相似文献
5.
丛枝菌根真菌与根瘤菌接种对大豆根瘤分布及磷素吸收的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在温室条件下,采用石英砂盆栽试验研究了大豆(冀豆6号)接种丛枝菌根真菌（Glomous mosseae）与根瘤菌 （Bradyrhizobium japonicum）对根瘤的形成、分布以及磷素吸收效率的影响。结果表明,大豆生长至开花期（接种后56 d）,与单接种根瘤菌处理相比,双接种AM真菌和根瘤菌显著增加大豆生物量、氮、磷含量、根系上的总根瘤数。单接种根瘤菌条件下,总根瘤数的48.4%分布在主根上,51.6%分布在侧根上;根瘤菌与AM真菌双接种时,总根瘤数的32.5%分布在主根上,67.5%分布在侧根上。双接种处理的侧根根瘤的固氮酶活性显著高于单接种处理的。双接种条件下大豆侧根中AMF侵染增强,尤其是结根瘤侧根上的AM真菌的侵染率高于未结瘤的侧根的菌根侵染率。接种后28 d单接种菌根真菌处理显著高于双接种处理的植株磷的吸收效率;而56 d 时趋势相反。以上结果表明,AM真菌侵染改变根瘤在大豆根系上的分布,根瘤数量、分布与结根瘤侧根上AM真菌的侵染强度存在正相关关系。 相似文献
6.
【目的】蚯蚓和丛枝菌根真菌处于不同的营养级,但在促进植物生长和提高土壤肥力等方面却都发挥着积极作用。研究蚯蚓菌根互作及其对玉米吸收土壤中的氮、磷养分的影响,可为提升土壤生物肥力及促进农业的可持续发展提供理论依据。【方法】本研究采用田间盆栽方式,以玉米为供试作物,研究蚯蚓(Eisenia fetida)与丛枝菌根真菌(Glomus intraradices)互作及其对玉米养分吸收的影响。试验设置P 25和175 mg/kg两个水平。每个磷水平进行接种与不接种菌根真菌以及添加与不添加蚯蚓,共8个处理。调查了玉米生长、养分吸收以及真菌浸染和土壤养分的有效性。【结果】两个磷水平下,蚯蚓和菌根在增加玉米地上部和根系生物量方面有显著正交互作用(P0.05)。接种菌根真菌的各处理显著增加了玉米的侵染率及泡囊丰度、根内菌丝丰度等菌根指标。同时添加蚯蚓和接种菌根真菌的处理(AM+E)显著提高了菌根的侵染率、菌丝密度、丛枝丰度和根内菌丝丰度但是泡囊丰度有所下降。两种磷水平下,AM+E处理玉米地上部和地下部含氮量和含磷量均显著高于其他三个处理。在低磷条件下,地上部氮磷总量的增加分别是添加蚯蚓和接菌的作用;而地下部磷总量的增加主要是菌根真菌的作用。在高磷条件下,单加蚯蚓显著增加玉米氮磷的总量,而接种菌根真菌对玉米氮磷吸收的影响未达显著性水平。在高磷条件下,单加蚯蚓的处理显著提高玉米地上地下部生物量(P0.05),而单接菌的处理效应不显著,蚯蚓菌根互作通过提高土壤微生物量碳、氮实现对玉米生长和养分吸收的调控。在低磷条件下,单接菌显著提高了玉米的生物量(P0.05),单加蚯蚓的处理具有增加玉米生物量的趋势。菌根真菌主要促进玉米对磷的吸收,蚯蚓主要矿化秸秆和土壤中的氮磷养分增加土壤养分的有效性,蚯蚓菌根互作促进了玉米根系对土壤养分的吸收并形成氮磷互补效应。【结论】无论在高磷还是低磷水平下,蚯蚓菌根相互作用都提高了玉米地上地下部生物量、氮磷吸收量同时提高了土壤微生物量碳、氮。蚯蚓菌根相互作用对植物生长的影响取决于土壤养分条件。在高磷条件下(氮相对不足),蚯蚓菌根互作通过调控土壤微生物量碳、氮调控玉米生长和养分吸收。低磷条件下,菌根主要发挥解磷作用,蚯蚓主要矿化秸秆和土壤中的氮素,蚯蚓和菌根互补调控土壤中氮、磷,从而促进植物的生长和养分吸收。 相似文献
7.
非灭菌条件下VA菌根真菌对小麦生长发育的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文在盆栽条件下研究了非灭菌条件接种ＶＡ菌根真菌Ｇｌｏｍｕｓｍｏｓｅａｅ对小麦生长发育的影响。结果表明,接种ＶＡ菌根真菌能显著提高对小麦的侵染率,接种株的营养生长、磷吸收、叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量及光合作用参数都明显优于对照株。不同施磷水平对小麦植株的生理指标都有不同程度的影响。说明接种ＶＡ菌根真菌能够促进小麦生长,提高磷肥的利用率。 相似文献
8.
丛枝菌根真菌对镉污染土壤中黑麦草幼苗生长的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
通过不同浓度的镉污染土壤接种丛枝菌根真菌的黑麦草盆栽试验,研究了丛枝菌根真菌对镉污染条件下黑麦草幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:重度镉污染(Cd2+:180 mg/kg)条件下,Glomus mosseae对黑麦草根系的侵染率仍达到30.23%,对黑麦草的生长有较好的促进作用;丛枝菌根在一定程度上缓解了镉污染对黑麦草株高、根长和生物量积累的抑制;镉污染显著降低黑麦草叶片的叶绿素含量,叶绿素a在重度镉污染时下降幅度最大,不接种丛枝菌根真菌的黑麦草较对照下降37.9%,而接种的黑麦草下降26.7%,接种菌根真菌在中重度镉污染条件下显著提高了黑麦草叶片的叶绿素含量;重度镉污染下接种和不接种的黑麦草根系活力都开始显著下降,但接种植株根系活力下降的幅度小于不接种植株。 相似文献
9.
水分胁迫及VA菌根接种对绿豆生长的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
本文采用土培试验研究了水分胁迫下接种VA菌根真菌Glomusmosseae,G .sp .和G .caledonium对绿豆生长及代谢活动的影响。结果表明 ,水分胁迫严重抑制了植株的生长 ,但对VA菌根真菌的侵染能力影响不大。接种VA菌根真菌不仅有利于植株对土壤中磷和氮的吸收 ,而且明显改善了植株的水分状况 ,降低了植株叶片的脯氨酸含量 ,提高了接种株叶片的光合效率 ,显著增加了植株干物质量 ,增强了绿豆的抗旱性或耐旱性。 3种真菌中 ,以Glomusmosseae的接种效果最好。 相似文献
10.
丛枝菌根(AM)真菌对土壤中阿特拉津降解的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
于盆栽高粱(Sorghum,龙杂一号)条件下研究了丛枝菌根(AM)真菌根内球囊霉(Glomus intraradices,GI)和摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae,GM)降解土壤中阿特拉津的效用。结果表明,阿特拉津(浓度为50 mg/kg)污染土壤中,供试AM真菌都能够侵染高粱根系形成菌根,而且GM比GI侵染效果好,最高侵染率可达到90.5%,显著提高了植株的生物量。接种AM真菌后土壤中阿特拉津的残留浓度显著低于不接种对照处理,并且接种GM比GI对阿特拉津的降解效果显著。接种GM处理的土壤中阿特拉津最高降解率达到了91.6%,其中菌根效应占22.6%。接种AM真菌的宿主植物根际土壤中微生物数量多于不接种处理,且GM优于GI处理,说明AM真菌能促进根际微生物的繁殖。此外,接种AM真菌后能显著增加土壤中脲酶活性,但对过氧化氢酶活性影响不显著。认为GM是一株比较理想的修复阿特拉津污染土壤的AM真菌。 相似文献
11.
Lonicera confusa, a traditional Chinese medicine herb for treating cold, flu, acute fever, and so forth, is often grown artificially in acidic soils and suffers from phosphorus (P) deficiency. A five-year field experiment was carried out to study the colonization rate, growth, nutrition, and chlorogenic acid content of Lonicera confusa seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Glomus etunicatum and Glomus intraradices. Before transplanting into a field, both AM-inoculated and uninoculated control plants were cultured in nursery beds. In the plants inoculated with the AM fungi, the colonization rate decreased linearly with time and a greater decrease was observed in the plants inoculated with G. intraradices than with G. etunicatum, while the AM colonization increased from 0% to 12.1% in the uninoculated control plants 5 years after transplanting. Plant height, crown diameter, number of new branches, and flower yield increased significantly by AM inoculation as compared to the uninoculated control. Phosphorus concentrations in leaves and flowers increased, and plant uptake of nutrients, e.g., nitrogen (N), P, and potassium (K), was also enhanced significantly by AM inoculation. The Lonicera confusa seedlings had a better response to inoculation of G. intraradices than G. etunicatum in both growth and chlorogenic acid content in flowers. In contrast, both plant P uptake and P concentrations in leaves and flowers were similar between two fungal inoculations. The positive responses of Lonicera confusa to AM inoculation in growth, nutrient uptake, flowering, and chlorogenic acid content in flowers suggested that AM inoculation in nursery beds could promote the plant growth and increase chlorogenic acid content in flowers of Lonicera confusa when grown on acidic and P-deficient soils. 相似文献
12.
内蒙古盐碱土中AM真菌的多样性与分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在内蒙古盐碱土13种主要植物分离到3属26种AM真菌,其中球囊霉属(Glomus)22种,无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)3种,原囊霉属(Archaeospora)1种。地球囊霉(Glomus geosporum)和地表球囊霉(Glomus ver-siforme)是该区域盐碱土中的优势种。13种主要植物均能被AM真菌侵染,其中玉米和马蔺的侵染率最高,达100%;根际土壤中AM真菌孢子密度范围为29~182个g-1烘干土,其中稻的孢子密度最高,达182个g-1烘干土;在不同土壤类型条件下植物的菌根侵染率具有明显的差异,其规律为草甸盐土>碱化盐土>盐化草甸土>碱化草甸土;根际土壤中孢子密度以碱化草甸土最高(101个g-1烘干土),其次为碱化盐土、草甸盐土和盐化草甸土。相关分析表明,根际土壤中AM真菌孢子密度与菌根侵染率无显著相关性。 相似文献
13.
A greenhouse study was conducted to study the efficiency of 14 isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi isolated from a local agricultural soil on the productivity of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). The different AM fungi enhanced the biomass and nutritional status of sweet potato seedlings to different extents. The genus Glomus was more effective than Acaulospora or Scutellospora. Efficiency also varied among isolates of Glomus irrespective of individual host plant or location of origin. Intraspecific differences were sometimes greater than interspecific differences. Benefits deriving from fungal isolates were positively correlated with the root-colonization rate and the abundance of extraradical propagules of the AM fungi. Taking plant yield parameters, nutritional status of the plants, and fungal attributes into consideration, GEGM (Glomus etunicatum together with Glomus mosseae) and GE6 (Glomus etunicatum) were the most effective AM symbionts for sweet potato under the experimental conditions. 相似文献
14.
The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of co-inoculation with different strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (i.e. Helinitro, Rizoking, and Nitragin) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species (i.e. Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus versiforme, Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae, and Glomus etunicatum) on soybean growth, fungal root colonization, and nutrient uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu). Co-inoculation with various AMF species and rhizobia significantly (p<0.01) increased the soybean biomass production as compared to the non-inoculated controls. Furthermore, AMF colonization of roots of soybean plants increased by 79, 70.1, 67, 63, 57.5, and 50.1% in the presence of G. fasciculatum (GF), G. versiforme (GV), G. intraradices (GI), G. mosseae (GM), and G. etunicatum (GE), and Gmix (a mixed culture of fungi), respectively. Higher nutrient contents were observed in plants co-inoculated with Helinitro and GF. More insight into these results will enable optimization of the effective use of AM fungi in combination with their bacterial partners as a tool for increasing soybean yields in Iran; however, its general analytical framework could be applied to other parts of the world. 相似文献
15.
ABSTRACT A pot experiment investigated the response of two maize inbred lines with contrasting root morphology and phosphorus (P) efficiency to inoculation with Glomus mosseae or Glomus etunicatum compared with non-mycorrhizal controls. Soil phosphorus was supplied at rates of 10, 50, and 100 mg P kg ?1 soil. Root length, specific root length, and specific phosphorus uptake of maize line 178 (P-efficient) were significantly higher than of line Hc (P-inefficient). Percentage of root length colonized showed the opposite trend regardless of soil P supply level. The two maize lines did not differ significantly in growth response to mycorrhizal colonization. Root colonization rate decreased with increasing soil phosphorus supply. The beneficial effect of the two AM fungi on plant growth and P uptake was greatest at low soil P level and the responses were negative at high P supply. Mycorrhizal responsiveness also decreased with increasing P supply and differed between the two mycorrhizal fungal isolates. 相似文献
16.
ABSTRACTEnhanced phosphorus (P) uptake from the soil and increased plant growth related to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in pot culture, using sterilized soil, are well-known phenomena. However, these enhancements are not widely observed under field conditions because field sterilization is difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AM fungi on P uptake and the growth of Allium fistulosum in non-fumigated and fumigated fields, under different levels of P availability. Plants were inoculated with the AM fungus Glomus R-10 and grown in fumigated soil. For the uninoculated treatment, a sterilized inoculum was applied directly. The field was fumigated using dazomet. Superphosphate was applied to the field at the rates of 0 (P0) or 500 (P500) kg P2O5 ha?1. The inoculated and uninoculated plants were transplanted into the fields and sampled three times to measure AM fungal colonization, shoot P concentration, and shoot dry weight of the plants. At the transplanting stage, AM fungal colonization was observed in the inoculated plants (>70%) but not in the uninoculated plants. At the third sampling, irrespective of P treatment, AM fungal colonization was observed both in the uninoculated and inoculated plants in the non-fumigated field, and there was no difference in shoot P content and shoot dry weight between the inoculated and uninoculated plants. AM fungal colonization in the fumigated field was higher in the inoculated than uninoculated plants, irrespective of P treatment; shoot P content and shoot dry weight were both higher in the inoculated plants than in the uninoculated plants with P0. These results suggest that the responses of A. fistulosum to AM fungal inoculation under the low-P and fumigated conditions are similar to those observed in sterilized pot culture conditions. 相似文献
17.
Zhen LI Songlin WU Yunjia LIU Qing YI Merinda HALL Narottam SAHA Junjian WANG Yuanfang HUANG Longbin HUANG 《土壤圈》2024,34(2):385-398
Excess available K and Fe in Fe ore tailings with organic matter amendment and water-deficiencies may restrain plant colonization and growth, which hinders the formation of eco-engineered soil from these tailings for sustainable and cost-effective mine site rehabilitation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are widely demonstrated to assist plant growth under various unfavorable environments. However, it is still unclear whether AM symbiosis in tailings amended with different types of plant biomass and under different water conditions could overcome the surplus K and Fe stress for plants in Fe ore tailings, and if so, by what mechanisms. Here, host plants (Sorghum sp. Hybrid cv. Silk), either colonized or noncolonized by the AM fungi (Glomus spp.), were cultivated in lucerne hay (LH, C:N ratio of 18)- or sugarcane mulch (SM, C:N ratio of 78)-amended Fe ore tailings under well-watered (55% water-holding capacity (WHC) of tailings) or water-deficient (30% WHC of tailings) conditions. Root mycorrhizal colonization, plant growth, and mineral elemental uptake and partitioning were examined. Results indicated that AM fungal colonization improved plant growth in tailings amended with plant biomass under water-deficient conditions. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization enhanced plant mineral element uptake, especially P, both in the LH- and SM-amended tailings regardless of water condition. Additionally, AM symbiosis development restrained the translocation of excess elements (i.e., K and Fe) from plant roots to shoots, thereby relieving their phytotoxicity. The AM fungal roles in P uptake and excess elemental partitioning were greater in LH-amended tailings than in SM-amended tailings. Water deficiency weakened AM fungal colonization and functions in terms of mineral element uptake and partitioning. These findings highlighted the vital role AM fungi played in regulating plant growth and nutrition status in Fe ore tailings technosol, providing an important basis for involvement of AM fungi in the eco-engineered pedogenesis of Fe ore tailings. 相似文献
18.
接种根内球囊霉提高氮素向甘薯块根转移和再分配的机理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
19.
Root colonization, abundance of spores and hyphae, as well as species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were analyzed in citrus orchards along an altitudinal gradient. The citrus trees were heavily colonized (50.87–77.45%) by native AM fungi. In citrus orchards located at <600 m above sea level (asl), we recorded more extensive hyphal and arbuscular colonization, and higher spore and hyphal length density. AM fungal colonization, spore density, and hyphal length density were closely correlated with edaphic factors such as available phosphorus, pH, and organic matter. A total of 18 AM fungal species belonging to 3 different orders, Archaeosporales (1 species), Diversisporales (7 species) and Glomerales (10 species), were identified on the basis of spore morphological characteristics. In orchards located at higher altitudes (≥700 m asl), we observed a significant decrease in species richness and Shannon–Wiener index values. However, in all of the surveyed orchards, Glomus aggregatum, Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus intraradices were the dominant species. Isolate frequency and relative abundance of AM fungi exhibited clearly distinct distribution patterns among taxonomic families. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that the AM fungal community structure was significantly influenced by environmental factors, especially altitude, pH, soil moisture, and available nitrogen. Our data indicated that environmental factors are important in determining AM fungal root colonization, propagule numbers, and species diversity in citrus orchards. 相似文献
20.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have a key role for plant nutrition in organic farming systems where crop protection relies on biopesticides. Although these are considered safe, their effects on non-target organisms, such as AM fungi, are not known and should be evaluated. A pot and a field experiment were employed to investigate the impact of biological pesticides (azadirachtin, spinosad, pyrethrum and terpens) on exogenous AM fungal inoculum (pots) and on indigenous AM fungi (field). The synthetic fungicide carbendazim and non-pesticide treated controls with or without mycorrhizal inoculation were also included. Plant growth and root colonization were measured 20 and 40 days post inoculation (dpi) in the pot experiment, or 40 and 90 dpi in the field study. Pesticide effects on the structure of the intraradical AM fungal community were determined via DGGE and cloning. Spinosad, pyrethrum and terpenes did not affect the colonization ability and the structure of the AM fungal community. On the contrary, pot application of azadirachtin resulted in a selective inhibition of the Glomus etunicatum strain of the inoculum. DGGE analysis showed that the field application of azadirachtin induced significant and persistent shifts in the AM fungal community. Carbendazim completely hampered mycorrhizal colonization in pots, compared to its field application which had a transitory effect on the colonization ability and the community structure of indigenous AM fungi. Our study provides first evidence for the effects of biological pesticides on the diversity of AM fungi. 相似文献