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1.
Subsoil compaction may reduce the availability and uptake of water and plant nutrients thereby lowering crop yields. Among the management options for remediating subsoil compaction are deep tillage and the selection of crop rotations with deep-rooted crops, but little is known of the effects of applications of organic amendments on subsoil compaction. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of subsoil compaction on corn yield and N availability in a sandy-textured soil and to evaluate the use of deep tillage and surface applications of poultry manure to remediate subsoil compaction. A field experiment planted to corn (Zea mays L.) was conducted from 2000 to 2001 on a Reelfoot fine sandy loam (fine-silty, mixed thermic Aquic Argiudolls) formed in silty alluvium located in southeast Missouri near the Mississippi River. Treatments were arranged in a factorial design with three levels of subsoil compaction and subsoiling and four rates (averaging 0, 6, 11 and 18 Mg ha−1) of poultry manure. Subsoil tillage to a depth of 30 cm had multiple effects, including overcoming a natural or tillage-induced dense layer or pan and increasing volumetric soil water content and crop N uptake, especially in the 2001 cropping year with low early season precipitation. N recovery efficiency (NRE) was significantly higher in the subsoil treatment compared to the highest compaction treatment in 2001. No significant interactions between manure rates and compaction and subsoiling treatments were observed for corn grain and silage yields, N uptake and NRE. Average increases in corn grain yields over all manure rates due to subsoil tillage of compacted soil were 2002 kg ha−1 in 2000 and 3504 kg ha−1 in 2001. Application of poultry manure had a consistent positive effect on increasing grain yields and N uptake in 2000 and 2001 but did not significantly alter measured soil physical properties. The results of this study suggest that deep tillage and applications of organic amendments are management tools that may overcome restrictions in both N and soil water availability due to subsoil compaction in sandy-textured soils.  相似文献   

2.
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) growers in Nebraska, U.S.A. have been convinced by equipment manufacturers in the past 10 years that chisel tillage is needed on their soils to remove compaction zones. No data were available to assess the reality of their conviction that chiseling was an essential part of their tillage systems. The experiments discussed here were designed to test the impact and need for chiseling to depths up to 30 cm in systems where moldboard plowing to a depth of 20 cm is the most common primary tillage. Various degrees of soil compactness were created artificially in soil of the same type (Typic Haplustoll) in 3 different fields. Combinations of moldboard plowing and chiseling were then imposed on them. The relationships of water infiltration rates and resistance to penetration as measured by a penetrometer to the tillage treatments and to ultimate sucrose yield were determined. In all but the severest compaction treatment, either chiseling or moldboard plowing had equivalent impacts on yield restoration. In the most severely compacted soil chiseling was totally ineffective in 1 year and equal to plowing in another year. Combination plowing and chiselinng did not have an additive effect beyond plowing or chiseling along under any compaction condition. Even though the implements were equally effective in restoring yield potential, neither of them, alone nor in combination restored yields to levels achieved on non-compacted soil. Penetrometer resistance measurements indicated that compacted soil below 30 cm was the problem. The data indicated that it may be possible for a given soil type, to relate penetrometer resistance to the need for tillage to remove compaction. On these experiments each increase in resistance of 700 kPa over a range of 4000–8000 kPa resulted in a 10% reduction in sucrose yield.  相似文献   

3.
The main function of deep tillage is to alleviate subsoil compaction, but how long do the benefits of this technique remain? Traffic on loose soil causes a significant increase in soil compaction. Subsoiling and chisel plowing were carried out at 450 and 280 mm depth, respectively on a compacted soil in the west Rolling Pampas region of Argentina. The draft required, physical soil properties, root growth, sunflower (Helianthus annus L. Merr.) yield and traffic compaction over the subsequent two growing seasons were measured. Cone penetrometer resistance was reduced and sunflower yields increased following deep tillage operations. Subsoil compaction caused changes to the root system of sunflower that affected shoot growth and crop yields. Although subsoiling and chiseling had an immediate loosening effect, it was evident that after just 2 years, when traffic intensity was >95 mg km ha−1, re-compaction and settling had occurred in the 300–600 mm depth range.  相似文献   

4.
Government regulatory agencies recommend nutrient management plans (NMPs) for animal operations to reduce non-point source pollution. These plans require manure analysis for total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), and use indices to determine nutrient availability. This study evaluated a rapid on-farm method to predict TN and TP concentrations of swine slurries. A field investigation based on this rapid assessment procedure was used to evaluate the effect of a NMP on corn yield and soil fertility. Manure grab samples were collected to validate the rapid on-farm model for predicting TN and TP. A corn crop was raised on two phosphorus (P) soil test levels (medium and excessive) using three randomized complete blocks with two replications of three treatments. Rapid on-farm models were accurate (P ≤ 0.05) for predicting manure TN and TP. The rapid model manure application rate produced grain yields that were significantly higher than inorganic-N fertilization treatments (13,000 kg ha?1 versus 9,000 kg ha?1) (P ≤ 0.05). Potassium chloride extractable soil P and ammonium were not significantly different (P ≥ 0.05) in manure treatments compared with the inorganic-N treatment. Analysis of ear leaf N, P, and K and grain yields demonstrated that the rapid model manure application developed by a NMP met crop requirements.  相似文献   

5.
黄淮海旱作区土壤压实度空间分布特征及其影响因素   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
为探究旱作区农田不同层次土壤压实度特征,基于2017年采集的255个土壤样品,运用Mann-Kendall突变检验法、地统计学和冗余分析等方法,探究黄淮海旱作区耕作层和压实层空间分布特征,分析不同层次的土壤压实度的空间变异特性及影响因素,并提出了最佳土壤压实度范围。研究结果表明:旱作区耕作层和压实层厚度均呈现由北向南递增的趋势,耕作层最大厚度可达22.50 cm,最低仅有10.21 cm;压实层厚度最大可达17.50 cm,最小值也达到7.50 cm。从不同层次来看,耕作层和压实层的压实度具有空间分布一致性,耕作层压实度高值区主要分布在河南省东部、安徽北部及河北北部地区,最大值可达87.68%以上,低值区则主要集中在山东西北部以及河北南部地区。和压实层压实度相比,耕作层压实度是影响粮食产量的主要因素,且在70%～80%时获得较高产量。分析表明,土壤压实度受到年降水量、平均气温、土壤自然属性等环境因子和机械耕作等人为因素综合作用的影响。研究结果可为黄淮海农田土壤压实情况的改善及管理措施的科学制定提供理论支撑。  相似文献   

6.
A field experiment was conducted at the Arkansas Valley Research Center in 2005 through 2007 to study the effects of manure and nitrogen fertilizer on corn yield, nutrient uptake, N and P soil tests, and soil salinity under furrow and drip irrigation. Manure or inorganic N was applied in 2005 and 2006 only. There were no significant differences in corn yield between drip and furrow irrigation even though, on average, 42% less water was applied with drip irrigation. Inorganic N or manure application generally increased grain yield, kernel weight, grain and stover N uptake, and grain P uptake. Nitrogen rates above 67 kg ha?1 did not increase grain yield significantly in 2005 or 2006, nor did manure rates in excess of 22 Mg ha?1. High manure rates increased soil salinity early in the season, depressing corn yields in 2005 and 2006, particularly with drip irrigation. Salts tended to accumulate in the lower half of the root zone under drip irrigation. Residual nitrate nitrogen from manure and inorganic N application sustained corn yields above 12.0 Mg ha?1 in 2007. More research is needed to develop best manure and drip irrigation management for corn production in the Arkansas Valley.  相似文献   

7.
Experimental investigations were conducted over three years to test the hypothesis that soil compaction affects the physical and mechanical properties of corn ears and corn cobs. Field experiments were made on sub-drained clay and sandy loam soils at Macdonald College Farm in Quebec Province of Canada. The mechanical properties of corn ears and corn cobs were determined from quasi-static force-deformation analysis performed with a universal Instron testing machine.

The results showed that soil compaction treatments did not significantly influence corn cob elastic modulus and strength in simple bending nor in radial compression. Cob moisture content did not significantly change as a result of the application of various traffic treatments. However, corn cob diameter and pith diameter were both significantly affected by soil compaction.

Corn ear moisture content and bending strength were not significantly affected by soil compaction. However, corn ear yield in all three years was found to be dependent on the amount of soil compaction applied.

Also studied were the effects of various tillage methods in ameliorating the deleterious effects of soil compaction on crop yield and crop quality. It is concluded that a judicious choice of tillage machinery system can minimize the reductions in ear yield due to soil compaction.  相似文献   


8.
Previous studies reported manure application to eroded Portneuf silt loam soil (Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid) improved dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L., cv. Viva) yield to levels of topsoil. These yield increases only correlated with whole-plant zinc (Zn) concentration and soil organic matter. This might be related to enhanced arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization stimulated by manure application. A greenhouse study with dry bean suggested a relationship between manure application, increased AM colonization, and whole-plant Zn uptake, while field studies with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and sweet corn (Zea mays L.) did not. To clarify the apparent contradiction of manure application on AM relationships, the present field study with dry bean and sweet corn was conducted in subsoils on the same experimental site established in 1991 and used in previous studies. The existing rotation also allowed the study of the effects of previously fallowed versus wheat cropped subsoils on yield, AM colonization and nutrition of dry bean and sweet corn. Average mycorrhizal root colonization in dry bean was greater on unamended than on manure-amended soils but was not related to increases in yield, Zn concentration, or Zn uptake. Average colonization of sweet corn roots was generally greater in unamended than manure-amended soils, but yields were greater in manure-amended soils. Colonization of sweet corn roots measured over time was consistently greater in subsoils previously cropped to wheat than fallowed, but yields were similar. Previous wheat-cropping resulted in leveling off of colonization beginning 7 July (second sampling) in dry bean, while previous fallow resulted in continuously increasing colonization throughout the five sampling periods. Bean yields were greater on subsoils previously cropped than fallowed; thus yields were generally not related to AM colonization. Results of our study confirm other field results where AM colonization was greater in unamended than manure-amended soils and in cropped than in fallowed soils. Any yield increases observed were not closely related to AM colonization.  相似文献   

9.
The long-term effects of soil compaction by heavy traffic on crop growth were examined in field experiments on a heavy clay (Vertic Cambisol) and an organic soil (Mollic Gleysol). There were three treatments: one pass and four repeated passes with a tandem axle load of 16 Mg, with wheel tracks completely covering the plot area, and a control without experimental traffic. Both loadings compacted the soils to a depth of 0.4–0.5 m. For 9 years after the loading, spring cereals (oats, wheat and barley) were the main crops grown. Yield, moisture content at harvest, thousand-kernel and bulk weight and nitrogen uptake of crops were determined each year. Although lodging of crops in the control and sometimes also in the treatment with one pass complicated the interpretation of results, especially for the organic soil, compaction clearly did affect crop production. For several years after the loading, it decreased yields and nitrogen uptake of crops and lowered seed moisture contents at harvest. Effects of the compaction were especially marked on the clay soil in the first 3 years and the rainy sixth year. Taken as a mean of the first 8 years, compaction of the clay soil with four passes reduced the yields by 4% and nitrogen uptake of annual crops by 9%. Compaction of the organic soil with four passes decreased the yield by 1% and nitrogen yield by 4%, as a mean of the first 5 and the last 3 years. The bulk weight or the thousand-kernel weight of yields was not notably affected by the compaction.  相似文献   

10.
利用间作、深松耕和绿肥还田对土壤耕层结构不同的改善作用,将三者集成于同一系统中以发挥各自优势并催生彼此间的协同效应,从而建立适宜持续改善坡耕地耕层结构的耕作措施。于2016~2019年以滇东北规模化种植模式玉米间作马铃薯为研究对象,在此基础上集成利用深松耕与绿肥还田措施。本试验设置6个处理,分别为:T1.玉米单作(对照);T2.玉米/苕子;T3.玉米‖马铃薯;T4.玉米‖马铃薯/苕子;T5.深松耕+玉米/苕子;T6.深松耕+玉米‖马铃薯/苕子,研究不同措施对土壤紧实度、容重和剪切力的影响。结果表明,不同种植模式中,单作处理土壤容重、紧实度和剪切力均高于间作处理;6个处理中,深松耕+玉米‖马铃薯/苕子处理土壤容重、紧实度和剪切力均低于其他处理,在玉米收获期差异显著(P<0.05),与对照相比,土壤容重4年分别降低4.60%、7.00%、3.86%和3.17%;紧实度4年分别降低16.98%、15.06%、30.82%和16.75%;剪切力4年分别降低19.59%、47.72%、23.4%和28.31%。研究表明,玉米间作马铃薯与深松耕、绿肥还田集成应用技术通过利用协同效应,发挥各自优势,达到持续改善土壤耕层结构,为云南山区坡耕地耕层合理构建提供依据。  相似文献   

11.
A field experiment based on controlled traffic concept was conducted over three rainy seasons in a bimodal rainfall area during 1982–1983 with the objective of, firstly, determining the effects of traffic-induced compaction on soil physical properties, root growth and leaf nutrient concentration in maize (Zea mays L.) cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) and soya bean (Glycine max Merr.) and secondly, characterizing soil compaction by evaluating soil physical properties which closely correlated with crop yields. Main treatments of tillage methods compared discing (to 20 cm depth followed by harrowing) to a no-tillage system. Traffic treatments of 0, 2 and 4 passes of a 2-Mg roller were subplots in a split-plot design experiment. The roller simulated field traffic in the 1.5–2.5 Mg weight range and exerted an average contact pressure of 113 kPa per pass on soil. Traffic-induced compaction decreased water infiltration rate and increased soil dry density and penetrometer resistance. Vertical root growth of maize and cowpea was consequently reduced down to 21 cm depth and that of soya bean down to 14 cm depth. Lateral root distribution was also markedly reduced. In the third consecutive growing season, traffic-induced soil compaction reduced the leaf nutrient concentration of Mg in no-tillage and P, Ca, K and Mn in discing for maize; Mg in discing for cowpea; and Ca in discing for soya bean. Traffic-induced soil compaction reduced grain yields of maize, cowpea and soya bean in all three seasons under both no-till and disced treatments, but the severity of this compaction increased considerably in the third consecutive season and was particularly more marked on the disced plots than on the no-till plots. The water infiltration rate was found to be the most sensitive soil property in characterizing soil compaction on this Alfisol in relation to crop yield.  相似文献   

12.
半干旱区长期施肥对作物产量和土壤肥力的影响   总被引：47，自引：5，他引：42  
本文通过１５年的定位试验,研究了等氮等磷条件下不同肥料种类对作物产量及土壤养分供应能力的影响。结果表明:１、施用化肥与施用各种有机肥处理间产量差异不显著,但以施用化肥处理产量最高,全年产量为６５０８.５ｋｇ／ｈｍ2;２、各施肥处理均不同程度地促进了土壤全量养分和速效养分的增加;３、高碳类有机肥对土壤有机无机复合状况及腐殖质结合形态有较好的效果;４、对土壤酶活性影响较大,尤其是提高了土壤中蔗糖酶和脲酶的活性,绿肥表现最佳;５、对土壤水分类型及孔隙组成也有一定的影响,提高了土壤水分含量,改善了土壤物理性状;６、增加了土壤团聚体的含量,促进了微团聚体的形成,提高了团聚度和团聚水平  相似文献   

13.
中国南方红壤上作物产量和土壤性质对长期施肥的响应   总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23  
A 15-year fertilization experiment with different applications of inorganic N, P and K fertilizers and farmyard manure (M)was conducted to study the yield and soil responses to long-term fertilization at Qiyang, Hunan Province, China. Average grain yields of wheat and corn (1 672 and 5 111 kg ha-1, respectively)for the treatment NPKM were significantly higher than those (405 and 310 kg ha-1)of the unfertilized control and single inorganic fertilizer treatments. Compared with the corresponding initial values of the experiment, all treatments showed a yield decline of 9 to 111 kg ha-1 year-1 in wheat and 35 to 260 kg ha-1 year-1 in corn, respectively, and a significant pH decline of 0.07 to 0.12 pH year-1, except for the treatments PK and NPKM. After long-term fertilization, the soil organic C, soil available P, exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ and available Cu2+ and Zn2+ contents were higher in the treatment NPKM than in the treatments applied with inorganic fertilizer only. Compared to the treatment NPK, the treatment NPKM, where manure partially replaced inorganic N, had a positive impact on arresting the decline of soil pH. This improved grain yields of wheat and corn, suggesting that application of NPK fertilizer in combination with farmyard manure is important to maintain soil fertility and buffering capacity in red soil.  相似文献   

14.
The extent and persistence of the effect of soil compaction in a system with annual ploughing were investigated in 21 long-term field experiments in Sweden with a total of 259 location-years. Crop yield, soil physical properties and plant establishment were determined. All experiments had two common treatments: control (no extra traffic) and compacted (350 Mg km ha−1 of experimental traffic in the autumn prior to ploughing), using a tractor and trailer with traditional wheel equipment and an axle load restricted to 4 Mg. During the rest of the year, both treatments were conventionally and equally tilled. The compaction was repeated each autumn for at least 7 years, and the yield was determined each year until 5 years after the termination of the compaction treatment.

Compaction decreased the porosity and the proportion of large pores and increased the tensile strength of dry aggregates. On clay and loam soils, it decreased the proportion of fine aggregates in the seedbed and the gravimetric soil water content in the seedbed.

The yield in the compacted treatment declined compared with the control during the first 4 years, after which it reached steady state. During this steady state, the compaction treatment caused a yield loss of 11.4%, averaged over 107 location-years. Within 4–5 years after the termination of the compaction treatment, the yield returned to the control level. The average yield loss at individual sites increased with increasing clay content.

Results from additional treatments indicated that yield loss was linearly correlated with the amount of traffic up to 300–400 Mg km ha−1. With greater ground contact pressure or a greater soil water content at time of traffic, there was a greater yield loss.

Soil compaction effects on yield were similar for all spring-sown crops, and the percentage yield loss seemed to be independent of the yield. In a few location-years with winter wheat there was on average no yield decrease.

There were 5.1% less plants in the compacted treatment than in the control. The yield decrease was significantly correlated with the number of plants.

Between years results were highly variable, and no consistent correlations between yield loss and soil water content at the time of traffic or the weather conditions during the growing period were found. Soil compaction affected yield during years with good as well as poor conditions for crop growth.  相似文献   


15.
The greatest challenge for tropical agriculture is land degradation and reduction in soil fertility for sustainable crop and livestock production.Associated problems include soil erosion,nutrient mining,competition for biomass for multiple uses,limited application of inorganic fertilizers,and limited capacity of farmers to recognize the decline in soil quality and its consequences on productivity.Integrated soil fertility management(ISFM) is an approach to improve crop yields,while preserving sustainable and long-term soil fertility through the combined judicious use of fertilizers,recycled organic resources,responsive crop varieties,and improved agronomic practices,which minimize nutrient losses and improve the nutrient-use efficiency of crops.Soil fertility and nutrient management studies in Ethiopia under on-station and on-farm conditions showed that the combined application of inorganic and organic fertilizers significantly increased crop yields compared to either alone in tropical agro-ecosystems.Yield benefits were more apparent when fertilizer application was accompanied by crop rotation,green manuring,or crop residue management.The combination of manure and NP fertilizer could increase wheat and faba bean grain yields by 50%–100%,whereas crop rotation with grain legumes could increase cereal grain yields by up to 200%.Although organic residues are key inputs for soil fertility management,about 85% of these residues is used for livestock feed and energy;thus,there is a need for increasing crop biomass.The main incentive for farmers to adopt ISFM practices is economic benefits.The success of ISFM also depends on research and development institutions to provide technical support,technology adoption,information dissemination,and creation of market incentives for farmers in tropical agro-ecosystems.  相似文献   

16.
This study investigated the extent of soil damage caused by field traffic associated with different levels of soil moisture deficit (SMD). The hybrid SMD model was used for computing temporal patterns of SMD which can be accurately predicted for a range of soil types in Ireland. The aim of this study was to determine SMD threshold limits to trafficability for incorporation into a decision support system for safe slurry spreading. A tractor and a fully loaded single‐axle slurry tanker (total weight ca. 18 tonnes) were driven over well, moderate and poorly drained soils at SMD values of 0, 5, 10 and 20 mm during drying phases. The change in soil bulk density (SBD) was used as an indicator of soil compaction, and rut profile measurements were taken to determine soil deformation indicative of surface damage. The effect of traffic on the grass crop was determined by measuring dry matter yield at 30 and 60 days posttraffic in the wheel‐rut and nontrafficked area. Results showed that the SMD at the time of traffic had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on the magnitude of the changes in SBD on soils of different drainage status, and on rut dimensions following traffic. DMY was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced on the wheeled compared with the nonwheeled soil. No differences in the magnitude of DMY loss were identified between the sites having different drainage status. An SMD value of 10 mm was suggested as an SMD threshold for trafficability for safe slurry spreading purposes.  相似文献   

17.
In a field experiment with soil compaction by tractor traffic on a loam soil, the denitrification rate (using the C2H2 inhibition method), the soil structure, and the wheat yield were investigated. Tractor traffic on wet soil (> – 50 mbar matric potential) reduced the pore volume, doubled the percentage of large aggregates (> 20 mm), reduced the wheat yield by about 25%, and increased the N-loss through denitrification by a factor of 3–4. Neither of these parameters were affected by tractor traffic at low soil moisture content. The weight of the tractor (1800 kg vs 4800 kg) did not significantly alter the effect of compaction on the measured parameters. There was a factor of 2–6 between the measured denitrification rate in compacted and that in uncompacted soil, and this factor showed little dependence on the average activity level on each date of measurement. Accumulated values for the measured denitrification during 75 days (May 23-August 9) were 3–5 kg N ha–1 in uncompacted soil and 15–20 kg N ha–1 in soil which was compacted in wet condition.  相似文献   

18.
For corn crops on soils with fine texture in eastern Canada, research has been ongoing on the relationships between corn grain yields and management practice, soil strength/compaction, and soil nutrient status. However, these variables can operate in a complex manner that may not be detectable via uni-structural models. This study used regression-tree analysis, in an exploratory context, to model corn grain yields over a relatively flat clay to silty loam field on the basis of several soil physical, soil nitrate, and management variables. It was found that corn grain yields were first subdivided by length of time under corn production (1st and 3rd year corn groups). These yield groups were further subdivided by cone penetration resistance, elevation, soil nitrate, and soil texture information. Generally, higher corn grain yields were associated with 1st year corn, lower relative soil strength/compaction, and higher post-growing season soil nitrate levels. The modeled results helped to identify equifinality, context dependent relationships, and spatial continuity in inferred formative mechanisms; issues important in many field and/or landscape studies of spatial processes.  相似文献   

19.
Heavy wheel traffic causes soil compaction, which adversely affects crop production and may persist for several years. We applied known compaction forces to entire plots annually for 5 years, and then determined the duration of the adverse effects on the properties of a Vertisol and the performance of crops under no-till dryland cropping with residue retention. For up to 5 years after a final treatment with a 10 Mg axle load on wet soil, soil shear strength at 70–100 mm and cone index at 180–360 mm were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in a control treatment, and soil water storage and grain yield were lower. We conclude that compaction effects persisted because (1) there were insufficient wet–dry cycles to swell and shrink the entire compacted layer, (2) soil loosening by tillage was absent and (3) there were fewer earthworms in the compacted soil. Compaction of dry soil with 6 Mg had little effect at any time, indicating that by using wheel traffic only when the soil is dry, problems can be avoided. Unfortunately such a restriction is not always possible because sowing, tillage and harvest operations often need to be done when the soil is wet. A more generally applicable solution, which also ensures timely operations, is the permanent separation of wheel zones and crop zones in the field—the practice known as controlled traffic farming. Where a compacted layer already exists, even on a clay soil, management options to hasten repair should be considered, e.g. tillage, deep ripping, sowing a ley pasture or sowing crop species more effective at repairing compacted soil.  相似文献   

20.
Soil compaction is of great importance in agriculture, because its high levels may adversely affect plant growth and the environment. Since mechanical methods are not very efficient and economical, using biological methods to alleviate the stress of soil compaction on plant growth may be beneficial. The objectives of this study were to: (1) evaluate the effects of soil compaction on corn (Zea mays L.) growth, and (2) test the hypothesis that applying arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) with different origins can partially or completely overcome the stressful effects of soil compaction on corn growth under unsterilized and sterilized conditions. Corn was planted in unsterilized and sterilized compacted soils, while treated with three species of AM including, Iranian Glomus mosseae, Iranian Glomus etunicatum, and Canadian Glomus mosseae, received from GINCO (Glomales in vitro Collection), Canada. Plant growth variables and soil resistance parameters were determined. AM significantly increased root fresh (maximum of 94% increase) and dry (maximum of 100% increase) weights in the compacted soil. AM with different origins may improve corn growth in compacted soils, though its effectiveness is related to the level of compaction and also to the interaction with other soil microorganisms.  相似文献   

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